Successful establishment of reconnection between retinal ganglion cells and retinorecipient regions in the brain is critical to optic nerve regeneration.However,morphological assessments of retinorecipient regions are...Successful establishment of reconnection between retinal ganglion cells and retinorecipient regions in the brain is critical to optic nerve regeneration.However,morphological assessments of retinorecipient regions are limited by the opacity of brain tissue.In this study,we used an innovative tissue cleaning technique combined with retrograde trans-synaptic viral tracing to observe changes in retinorecipient regions connected to retinal ganglion cells in mice after optic nerve injury.Specifically,we performed light-sheet imaging of whole brain tissue after a clearing process.We found that pseudorabies virus 724(PRV724)mostly infected retinal ganglion cells,and that we could use it to retrogradely trace the retinorecipient regions in whole tissue-cleared brains.Unexpectedly,PRV724-traced neurons were more widely distributed compared with data from previous studies.We found that optic nerve injury could selectively modify projections from retinal ganglion cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus,intergeniculate leaflet,ventral lateral geniculate nucleus,central amygdala,basolateral amygdala,Edinger-Westphal nucleus,and oculomotor nucleus,but not the superior vestibular nucleus,red nucleus,locus coeruleus,gigantocellular reticular nucleus,or facial nerve nucleus.Our findings demonstrate that the tissue clearing technique,combined with retrograde trans-synaptic viral tracing,can be used to objectively and comprehensively evaluate changes in mouse retinorecipient regions that receive projections from retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve injury.Thus,our approach may be useful for future estimations of optic nerve injury and regeneration.展开更多
AIM: To assess the outcomes of posterior chamber implantable collamer lens(ICL) implantation in Chinese pediatric patients with unilateral high myopic amblyopia.·METHODS: Eleven eyes of 11 amblyopic patients aged...AIM: To assess the outcomes of posterior chamber implantable collamer lens(ICL) implantation in Chinese pediatric patients with unilateral high myopic amblyopia.·METHODS: Eleven eyes of 11 amblyopic patients aged11.02±3.34 y underwent ICL(model V4, Staar Surgical Inc.)implantation to treat unilateral anisometropia were studied. Visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis, intraocular pressure(IOP),vaulting, corneal endothelial cell count and complications were evaluated. Patients completed follow-up at 3d, 1,3mo and the last follow-up time(mean 8.18 ±2.82mo)after surgery.· RESULTS: The mean myopic anisometropia was-13.70 ±3.25 D preoperatively and +0.69 ±2.63 D at 8mo postoperatively. The log MAR corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA) of the amblyopic eye was 1.51 ±0.72 preoperatively and 0.75±0.40 at 8mo postoperatively. The log MAR CDVA at 3d, 1, 3 and 8mo postoperatively improved by a mean of 0.64, 1.55, 1.82 and 2.64 lines and gained more than 2 lines accounted for 18%, 45%, 45%,64%, respectively. The contrast sensitivity of 0.5, 1 and 2cpd in amblyopic eyes was significantly increased after surgery. No patient had near stereopsis recovery. The vaulting at 3 and 8mo was significantly lower than that at1 mo postoperatively. No other intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed, except an acute pupillary block glaucoma happened in a patient at two weeks postoperatively.·CONCLUSION: This short-term results indicate that ICL implantation can be a promising alternative therapy for high myopic anisometropic amblyopia in pediatric patients who have failed with conventional treatments and not suitable to corneal refraction surgery.展开更多
AIM: To delineate the characteristics of the dynamic stereopsis test and analyze related parameters in intermittent exotropia [X(T)] patients. METHODS: Fifty-seven X(T) patients and 55 normal subjects were enrolled in...AIM: To delineate the characteristics of the dynamic stereopsis test and analyze related parameters in intermittent exotropia [X(T)] patients. METHODS: Fifty-seven X(T) patients and 55 normal subjects were enrolled in this study. The normal and X(T) groups were used to test the reproducibility and reliability of the dynamic stereopsis test, and Bangerter filters with densities of 0.2 were then used to simulate suppression to test for traditional and dynamic stereopsis. In the X(T) group, the measurements included 1) dynamic stereopsis test comprising three parts: motion+disparity, motion only and disparity only; 2) ocular deviation angle; 3) Bagolini striated lens test; 4) disease course; and 5) Titmus stereopsis test. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability of the dynamic stereopsis method was 0.901 in the normal and X(T) groups, and none of the X(T) patients were able to pass the static and dynamic stereopsis tests after using the 0.2 Bangerter filter. The accuracy rate was greater than 80% in the normal group and 31.81%, 36.36%, and 45.45% for the motion+disparity, motion-only and disparityonly components of the traditional test for X(T) patients diagnosed with stereoblindness via traditional tests,respectively. Patients with a long disease course(>1 y) had worse dynamic stereopsis than those with a short disease course(<1 y; P<0.05, Chi-square test). The deviation angle was not correlated with the motion+disparity, disparityonly, or the motion-only test components(all P>0.05, Chisquare test). CONCLUSION: Dynamic stereopsis is preserved in certain X(T) patients diagnosed with stereoblindness via traditional tests. A long disease course was shown to be a negative factor for dynamic stereopsis in X(T) patients which might be associated with worse progression, and provide good references clinically.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of autologous conjunctival flap surgery for repairing the late-onset filtering bleb leakage after trabeculectomy.METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed 106 eyes from 106 patien...AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of autologous conjunctival flap surgery for repairing the late-onset filtering bleb leakage after trabeculectomy.METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed 106 eyes from 106 patients with late-onset filtering bleb leakage after trabeculectomy who received autologous conjunctival flap surgery at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre from 2005 to 2015. The basic information was recorded, and the interval time between trabeculectomy and autologous conjunctival flap surgery as well as related risk factors, intraocular pressure(IOP), anterior chamber depth(ACD) and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) were analysed. Moreover, 41 patients who completed the 1-year follow up were analysed to determine the IOP and BCVA changes and long-term success rates.RESULTS: The 50 male and 56 female subjects(average age 39.13±17.96 y) included 47(44.34%) and 33(31.13%) cases of primary open angle and primary angle-closure glaucoma. The mean interval between trabeculectomy and repair surgery was 60.60±56.92(3-264)mo. The mean mitomycin(MMC) concentration during trabeculectomy was 0.27±0.04(0.12-0.4) mg/m L in the fornix-based conjunctival flap group(68 patients) and 0.28±0.04(0.20-0.33) mg/m L in the limbal-based conjunctival flap group(11 patients). After bleb leakage, the patients' vision remained stable while the IOP decreased from 10.25±4.76(3-20.86) to 9.44±4.33(2-21) mm Hg(P<0.01). In the 41 analysed patients, the IOP was controlled at 15.68±5.11(7-40) mm Hg in the 1^(st) year after autologous conjunctival flap surgery and recurrence was not observed, for a long-term success rate of 100%. CONCLUSION: Autologous conjunctival flap repairing surgery is an effective technique for sealing filtering bleb leakages and controlling IOP postoperatively.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81870655(to MBY)。
文摘Successful establishment of reconnection between retinal ganglion cells and retinorecipient regions in the brain is critical to optic nerve regeneration.However,morphological assessments of retinorecipient regions are limited by the opacity of brain tissue.In this study,we used an innovative tissue cleaning technique combined with retrograde trans-synaptic viral tracing to observe changes in retinorecipient regions connected to retinal ganglion cells in mice after optic nerve injury.Specifically,we performed light-sheet imaging of whole brain tissue after a clearing process.We found that pseudorabies virus 724(PRV724)mostly infected retinal ganglion cells,and that we could use it to retrogradely trace the retinorecipient regions in whole tissue-cleared brains.Unexpectedly,PRV724-traced neurons were more widely distributed compared with data from previous studies.We found that optic nerve injury could selectively modify projections from retinal ganglion cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus,intergeniculate leaflet,ventral lateral geniculate nucleus,central amygdala,basolateral amygdala,Edinger-Westphal nucleus,and oculomotor nucleus,but not the superior vestibular nucleus,red nucleus,locus coeruleus,gigantocellular reticular nucleus,or facial nerve nucleus.Our findings demonstrate that the tissue clearing technique,combined with retrograde trans-synaptic viral tracing,can be used to objectively and comprehensively evaluate changes in mouse retinorecipient regions that receive projections from retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve injury.Thus,our approach may be useful for future estimations of optic nerve injury and regeneration.
文摘AIM: To assess the outcomes of posterior chamber implantable collamer lens(ICL) implantation in Chinese pediatric patients with unilateral high myopic amblyopia.·METHODS: Eleven eyes of 11 amblyopic patients aged11.02±3.34 y underwent ICL(model V4, Staar Surgical Inc.)implantation to treat unilateral anisometropia were studied. Visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis, intraocular pressure(IOP),vaulting, corneal endothelial cell count and complications were evaluated. Patients completed follow-up at 3d, 1,3mo and the last follow-up time(mean 8.18 ±2.82mo)after surgery.· RESULTS: The mean myopic anisometropia was-13.70 ±3.25 D preoperatively and +0.69 ±2.63 D at 8mo postoperatively. The log MAR corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA) of the amblyopic eye was 1.51 ±0.72 preoperatively and 0.75±0.40 at 8mo postoperatively. The log MAR CDVA at 3d, 1, 3 and 8mo postoperatively improved by a mean of 0.64, 1.55, 1.82 and 2.64 lines and gained more than 2 lines accounted for 18%, 45%, 45%,64%, respectively. The contrast sensitivity of 0.5, 1 and 2cpd in amblyopic eyes was significantly increased after surgery. No patient had near stereopsis recovery. The vaulting at 3 and 8mo was significantly lower than that at1 mo postoperatively. No other intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed, except an acute pupillary block glaucoma happened in a patient at two weeks postoperatively.·CONCLUSION: This short-term results indicate that ICL implantation can be a promising alternative therapy for high myopic anisometropic amblyopia in pediatric patients who have failed with conventional treatments and not suitable to corneal refraction surgery.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81600761)the Natural Science Foundation Team Projectof Guangdong Province (No.2015A030312016)
文摘AIM: To delineate the characteristics of the dynamic stereopsis test and analyze related parameters in intermittent exotropia [X(T)] patients. METHODS: Fifty-seven X(T) patients and 55 normal subjects were enrolled in this study. The normal and X(T) groups were used to test the reproducibility and reliability of the dynamic stereopsis test, and Bangerter filters with densities of 0.2 were then used to simulate suppression to test for traditional and dynamic stereopsis. In the X(T) group, the measurements included 1) dynamic stereopsis test comprising three parts: motion+disparity, motion only and disparity only; 2) ocular deviation angle; 3) Bagolini striated lens test; 4) disease course; and 5) Titmus stereopsis test. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability of the dynamic stereopsis method was 0.901 in the normal and X(T) groups, and none of the X(T) patients were able to pass the static and dynamic stereopsis tests after using the 0.2 Bangerter filter. The accuracy rate was greater than 80% in the normal group and 31.81%, 36.36%, and 45.45% for the motion+disparity, motion-only and disparityonly components of the traditional test for X(T) patients diagnosed with stereoblindness via traditional tests,respectively. Patients with a long disease course(>1 y) had worse dynamic stereopsis than those with a short disease course(<1 y; P<0.05, Chi-square test). The deviation angle was not correlated with the motion+disparity, disparityonly, or the motion-only test components(all P>0.05, Chisquare test). CONCLUSION: Dynamic stereopsis is preserved in certain X(T) patients diagnosed with stereoblindness via traditional tests. A long disease course was shown to be a negative factor for dynamic stereopsis in X(T) patients which might be associated with worse progression, and provide good references clinically.
基金Supported by the Guangdong Province Science and Technology Projects(No.2014A020212712)Guangzhou City Science and Technology Projects(No.2014Y2-00172)
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of autologous conjunctival flap surgery for repairing the late-onset filtering bleb leakage after trabeculectomy.METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed 106 eyes from 106 patients with late-onset filtering bleb leakage after trabeculectomy who received autologous conjunctival flap surgery at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre from 2005 to 2015. The basic information was recorded, and the interval time between trabeculectomy and autologous conjunctival flap surgery as well as related risk factors, intraocular pressure(IOP), anterior chamber depth(ACD) and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) were analysed. Moreover, 41 patients who completed the 1-year follow up were analysed to determine the IOP and BCVA changes and long-term success rates.RESULTS: The 50 male and 56 female subjects(average age 39.13±17.96 y) included 47(44.34%) and 33(31.13%) cases of primary open angle and primary angle-closure glaucoma. The mean interval between trabeculectomy and repair surgery was 60.60±56.92(3-264)mo. The mean mitomycin(MMC) concentration during trabeculectomy was 0.27±0.04(0.12-0.4) mg/m L in the fornix-based conjunctival flap group(68 patients) and 0.28±0.04(0.20-0.33) mg/m L in the limbal-based conjunctival flap group(11 patients). After bleb leakage, the patients' vision remained stable while the IOP decreased from 10.25±4.76(3-20.86) to 9.44±4.33(2-21) mm Hg(P<0.01). In the 41 analysed patients, the IOP was controlled at 15.68±5.11(7-40) mm Hg in the 1^(st) year after autologous conjunctival flap surgery and recurrence was not observed, for a long-term success rate of 100%. CONCLUSION: Autologous conjunctival flap repairing surgery is an effective technique for sealing filtering bleb leakages and controlling IOP postoperatively.
