Recently,a generalized successive cancellation list(SCL)decoder implemented with shiftedpruning(SP)scheme,namely the SCL-SP-ωdecoder,is presented for polar codes,which is able to shift the pruning window at mostωtim...Recently,a generalized successive cancellation list(SCL)decoder implemented with shiftedpruning(SP)scheme,namely the SCL-SP-ωdecoder,is presented for polar codes,which is able to shift the pruning window at mostωtimes during each SCL re-decoding attempt to prevent the correct path from being eliminated.The candidate positions for applying the SP scheme are selected by a shifting metric based on the probability that the elimination occurs.However,the number of exponential/logarithm operations involved in the SCL-SP-ωdecoder grows linearly with the number of information bits and list size,which leads to high computational complexity.In this paper,we present a detailed analysis of the SCL-SP-ωdecoder in terms of the decoding performance and complexity,which unveils that the choice of the shifting metric is essential for improving the decoding performance and reducing the re-decoding attempts simultaneously.Then,we introduce a simplified metric derived from the path metric(PM)domain,and a custom-tailored deep learning(DL)network is further designed to enhance the efficiency of the proposed simplified metric.The proposed metrics are both free of transcendental functions and hence,are more hardware-friendly than the existing metrics.Simulation results show that the proposed DL-aided metric provides the best error correction performance as comparison with the state of the art.展开更多
Objective:Indocyanine green(ICG)with near-infrared fluorescence absorption is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for clinical applications in angiography,blood flow evaluation,and liver functio...Objective:Indocyanine green(ICG)with near-infrared fluorescence absorption is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for clinical applications in angiography,blood flow evaluation,and liver function assessment.It has strong optical absorption in the near-infrared region,where light can penetrate deepest into biological tissue.We sought to review its value in guiding prostate cancer treatment.Methods:All related literature at PubMed from January 2000 to December 2020 were reviewed.Results:Multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated the usefulness of ICG in identifying prostate cancer by using different engineering techniques.Clinical studies have demonstrated the usefulness of ICG in guiding sentinel node dissection during radical prostatectomy,and possible better preservation of neurovascular bundle by identifying landmark prostatic arteries.New techniques such as adding fluorescein in additional to ICG were tested in a limited number of patients with encouraging result.In addition,the use of the ICG was shown to be safe.Even though there are encouraging results,it does not carry sufficient sensitivity and specificity in replacing extended pelvic lymph node dissection during radical prostatectomy.Conclusion:Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have shown the usefulness of ICG in identifying and guiding treatment for prostate cancer.Larger randomized prospective studies are warranted to further test its usefulness and find new modified approaches.展开更多
The internationalization of talent cultivation in the field of international higher education is a widely discussed topic among higher education institutions worldwide.This paper conducts a comparative study of domest...The internationalization of talent cultivation in the field of international higher education is a widely discussed topic among higher education institutions worldwide.This paper conducts a comparative study of domestic and foreign higher education institutions and identifies some differences in the internationalization of talent cultivation among different countries and regions.Firstly,the study summarizes the changes in talent cultivation through domestic study abroad programs and overseas study programs.Then,this paper introduces the“Knowledge-Practice-Research”international talent cultivation model in China and the international talent cultivation model in Japan as an example.Finally,this study compares the international talent cultivation models in domestic and foreign higher education institutions.The results indicate that the internationalization of talent cultivation models needs to be adjusted according to different training objectives,specific countries,and even regional circumstances to adapt to local characteristics and the international environment.Overall,different countries and regions have different emphases and characteristics in the internationalization of talent cultivation in higher education institutions.However,regardless of the country,higher education institutions should focus on enhancing students’international perspectives and cross-cultural communication skills to adapt to the globalized economic and social environment.展开更多
氧电催化一般涉及到氧还原反应(ORR)和氧析出应(OER),是诸如燃料电池,金属空气电池和水电解池等能源转换与存储技术的关键步骤.其中,可充电的金属锌空气电池具有较高的能量密度,开发成本较低,运行安全且环境友好.然而,开发并采用高效,...氧电催化一般涉及到氧还原反应(ORR)和氧析出应(OER),是诸如燃料电池,金属空气电池和水电解池等能源转换与存储技术的关键步骤.其中,可充电的金属锌空气电池具有较高的能量密度,开发成本较低,运行安全且环境友好.然而,开发并采用高效,低成本且储量丰富的催化材料代替贵金属基电催化剂,仍旧是现阶段尚未完全解决的问题和挑战.最近,金属有机框架(MOFs)以及碳基的金属有机框架衍生物作为高效电催化剂,因其超乎寻常的形貌,结构,组分和功能性的可调节能力,已经逐渐引起了广泛的关注和研究兴趣.因此,本文报道了一种泡沫镍负载的二维金属有机框架及其衍生物耦合阵列作为无粘结剂型ORR/OER双效催化剂,能够实现高比表面积,高电导率和高双功能性,同时避免了使用有机粘结剂的复杂制备过程和不可避免的电池性能影响.与传统设计不同,本文主要通过集成各司其职的不同功能组分并充分暴露电化学活性面积来提高双效电极的整体活性.电化学测试结果表明,耦合阵列电极(R-NCM)相比于MOFs阵列(NCM)和MOFs衍生物阵列(A-NCM)等对比电极,具有显著提高的双效氧电极性能,氧还原反应的起峰电位约为0.90 V,而氧析出反应电流密度达到100 m Acm-2时的过电势为319 m V.由于其在生长–热裂解–再生长过程中所具有的稳定的站立多级二维纳米片结构,所制备的双效氧电极材料表现出显著增强的双官能团性,电化学活性面积,反应动力学和稳定性,并可进一步用于可充电的金属锌空气电池(ZABs).考虑到制备过程的可行性与简洁性,所提出的生长–热裂解–再生长策略不仅能够用于耦合型分级纳米片阵列结构的合成,还能为设计开发相关能源电化学装置的高活性电极结构提供借鉴.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2018YFB1802303in part by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant LQ20F010010。
文摘Recently,a generalized successive cancellation list(SCL)decoder implemented with shiftedpruning(SP)scheme,namely the SCL-SP-ωdecoder,is presented for polar codes,which is able to shift the pruning window at mostωtimes during each SCL re-decoding attempt to prevent the correct path from being eliminated.The candidate positions for applying the SP scheme are selected by a shifting metric based on the probability that the elimination occurs.However,the number of exponential/logarithm operations involved in the SCL-SP-ωdecoder grows linearly with the number of information bits and list size,which leads to high computational complexity.In this paper,we present a detailed analysis of the SCL-SP-ωdecoder in terms of the decoding performance and complexity,which unveils that the choice of the shifting metric is essential for improving the decoding performance and reducing the re-decoding attempts simultaneously.Then,we introduce a simplified metric derived from the path metric(PM)domain,and a custom-tailored deep learning(DL)network is further designed to enhance the efficiency of the proposed simplified metric.The proposed metrics are both free of transcendental functions and hence,are more hardware-friendly than the existing metrics.Simulation results show that the proposed DL-aided metric provides the best error correction performance as comparison with the state of the art.
文摘Objective:Indocyanine green(ICG)with near-infrared fluorescence absorption is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for clinical applications in angiography,blood flow evaluation,and liver function assessment.It has strong optical absorption in the near-infrared region,where light can penetrate deepest into biological tissue.We sought to review its value in guiding prostate cancer treatment.Methods:All related literature at PubMed from January 2000 to December 2020 were reviewed.Results:Multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated the usefulness of ICG in identifying prostate cancer by using different engineering techniques.Clinical studies have demonstrated the usefulness of ICG in guiding sentinel node dissection during radical prostatectomy,and possible better preservation of neurovascular bundle by identifying landmark prostatic arteries.New techniques such as adding fluorescein in additional to ICG were tested in a limited number of patients with encouraging result.In addition,the use of the ICG was shown to be safe.Even though there are encouraging results,it does not carry sufficient sensitivity and specificity in replacing extended pelvic lymph node dissection during radical prostatectomy.Conclusion:Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have shown the usefulness of ICG in identifying and guiding treatment for prostate cancer.Larger randomized prospective studies are warranted to further test its usefulness and find new modified approaches.
文摘The internationalization of talent cultivation in the field of international higher education is a widely discussed topic among higher education institutions worldwide.This paper conducts a comparative study of domestic and foreign higher education institutions and identifies some differences in the internationalization of talent cultivation among different countries and regions.Firstly,the study summarizes the changes in talent cultivation through domestic study abroad programs and overseas study programs.Then,this paper introduces the“Knowledge-Practice-Research”international talent cultivation model in China and the international talent cultivation model in Japan as an example.Finally,this study compares the international talent cultivation models in domestic and foreign higher education institutions.The results indicate that the internationalization of talent cultivation models needs to be adjusted according to different training objectives,specific countries,and even regional circumstances to adapt to local characteristics and the international environment.Overall,different countries and regions have different emphases and characteristics in the internationalization of talent cultivation in higher education institutions.However,regardless of the country,higher education institutions should focus on enhancing students’international perspectives and cross-cultural communication skills to adapt to the globalized economic and social environment.
文摘氧电催化一般涉及到氧还原反应(ORR)和氧析出应(OER),是诸如燃料电池,金属空气电池和水电解池等能源转换与存储技术的关键步骤.其中,可充电的金属锌空气电池具有较高的能量密度,开发成本较低,运行安全且环境友好.然而,开发并采用高效,低成本且储量丰富的催化材料代替贵金属基电催化剂,仍旧是现阶段尚未完全解决的问题和挑战.最近,金属有机框架(MOFs)以及碳基的金属有机框架衍生物作为高效电催化剂,因其超乎寻常的形貌,结构,组分和功能性的可调节能力,已经逐渐引起了广泛的关注和研究兴趣.因此,本文报道了一种泡沫镍负载的二维金属有机框架及其衍生物耦合阵列作为无粘结剂型ORR/OER双效催化剂,能够实现高比表面积,高电导率和高双功能性,同时避免了使用有机粘结剂的复杂制备过程和不可避免的电池性能影响.与传统设计不同,本文主要通过集成各司其职的不同功能组分并充分暴露电化学活性面积来提高双效电极的整体活性.电化学测试结果表明,耦合阵列电极(R-NCM)相比于MOFs阵列(NCM)和MOFs衍生物阵列(A-NCM)等对比电极,具有显著提高的双效氧电极性能,氧还原反应的起峰电位约为0.90 V,而氧析出反应电流密度达到100 m Acm-2时的过电势为319 m V.由于其在生长–热裂解–再生长过程中所具有的稳定的站立多级二维纳米片结构,所制备的双效氧电极材料表现出显著增强的双官能团性,电化学活性面积,反应动力学和稳定性,并可进一步用于可充电的金属锌空气电池(ZABs).考虑到制备过程的可行性与简洁性,所提出的生长–热裂解–再生长策略不仅能够用于耦合型分级纳米片阵列结构的合成,还能为设计开发相关能源电化学装置的高活性电极结构提供借鉴.
