Injury to the anterior talofibular ligament(ATFL)is a common acute injury of the lateral foot ligament.Untimely and improper treatment significantly affects the quality of life and rehabilitation progress of patients....Injury to the anterior talofibular ligament(ATFL)is a common acute injury of the lateral foot ligament.Untimely and improper treatment significantly affects the quality of life and rehabilitation progress of patients.The purpose of this paper is to review the anatomy and the current methods of diagnosis and treatment of acute injury to the ATFL.The clinical manifestations of acute injury to the ATFL include pain,swelling,and dysfunction.At present,non-surgical treatment is the first choice for acute injury of the ATFL.The standard treatment strategy involves the“peace and love”principle.After initial treatment in the acute phase,personalized rehabilitation training programs can be followed.These may involve proprioception training,muscle training,and functional exercise to restore limb coordination and muscle strength.Static stretching and other techniques to loosen joints,acupuncture,moxibustion massage,and other traditional medical treatments can relieve pain,restore range of motion,and prevent joint stiffness.If the non-surgical treatment is not ideal or fails,surgical treatment is feasible.Currently,arthroscopic anatomical repair or anatomical reconstruction surgery is commonly used in clinical practice.Although open Broström surgery provides good results,the modified arthroscopic Broström surgery has many advantages,such as less trauma,rapid pain relief,rapid postoperative recovery,and fewer complications,and is more popular with patients.In general,when treating acute injury to the ATFL,treatment management and methods should be timely and reasonably arranged according to the specific injury scenario and attention should be paid to the timely combination of multiple therapies to achieve the best treatment results.展开更多
Achalasia cardia,type of esophageal dynamic disorder,is a relatively rare primary motor esophageal disease characterized by the functional loss of plexus ganglion cells in the distal esophagus and lower esophageal sph...Achalasia cardia,type of esophageal dynamic disorder,is a relatively rare primary motor esophageal disease characterized by the functional loss of plexus ganglion cells in the distal esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter.Loss of function of the distal and lower esophageal sphincter ganglion cells is the main cause of achalasia cardia,and is more likely to occur in the elderly.Histological changes in the esophageal mucosa are considered pathogenic;however,studies have found that inflammation and genetic changes at the molecular level may also cause achalasia cardia,resulting in dysphagia,reflux,aspiration,retrosternal pain,and weight loss.Currently,the treatment options for achalasia focus on reducing the resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter,helping to empty the esophagus and relieve symptoms.Treatment measures include botulinum toxin injection,inflatable dilation,stent insertion,and surgical myotomy(open or laparoscopic).Surgical procedures are often subject to controversy owing to concerns about safety and effectiveness,particularly in older patients.Herein,we review clinical epidemiological and experimental data to determine the prevalence,pathogenesis,clinical presentation,diagnostic criteria,and treatment options for achalasia to support its clinical management.展开更多
Objective: To examine the apoptotic effect of ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic-acid (5F), a compound isolated from Pteris semipinnata L (PsL), in human lung cancer A549 cells. Methods: A549 cells were treated...Objective: To examine the apoptotic effect of ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic-acid (5F), a compound isolated from Pteris semipinnata L (PsL), in human lung cancer A549 cells. Methods: A549 cells were treated with 5F (0-80 μg/ml) for different time periods. Cytotoxicity was examined using a MTT method. Cell cycle was examined using propidium iodide staining. Apoptosis was examined using Hoechst 33258 staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and caspase-3 activity analysis. Expression of representative apoptosis-related proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured using standard protocols. Potential interaction of 5F with cisplatin was also examined. Results: 5F inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. 5F increased the accumulation of cells in sub-G1 phase and arrested the cells in the G2 phase. Exposure to 5F induced morphological changes and DNA fragmentation that are characteristic of apoptosis. The expression of p21 was increased. 5F exposure also increased Bax expression, release of cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and activation of caspase-3. 5F significantly sensitized the cells to cisplatin toxicity. Interestingly, treatment with 5F did not increase ROS, but reduced ROS production induced by cisplatin. Conclusion: 5F could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells by arresting the cells in G2 phase and by inducing mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.展开更多
Background:Green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk are traditional herbs used in the prevention and treatment of diabetes in China for a long time,but their synergistic hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms remain unclear...Background:Green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk are traditional herbs used in the prevention and treatment of diabetes in China for a long time,but their synergistic hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms remain unclear.Methods:The effective components of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk were extracted and enriched.Mixture design of experiments was used to study the influences of different combinations on the cell viability and glucose uptake level of L6 myoblasts,so as to determine the optimal synergistic hypoglycemic combination.The possible hypoglycemic mechanism of the optimal synergistic combination was explored by cytotoxicity assay,glucose uptake assay,and western blot.Results:Three polyphenol enrichment fractions of the herbs,30%ethanol elution fraction of green tea(GT),50%ethanol elution fraction of mulberry leaf(ML)and 60%ethanol elution fraction of corn silk(CS)were obtained.The antioxidant activities of GT-30%,ML-50%and CS-60%were superior to those of crude extracts,and showed strong potential inα-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibition activities.The optimal synergistic combination of crude extracts G7(crude extract of green tea:crude extract of mulberry leaf:crude extract of corn silk=1:5:3),polyphenol enrichment fractions R3(GT-30%:ML-50%:CS-60%=1:7:1)and monomers X2(epigallocatechin gallate:morusin:formononetin=3:1:2)were selected,respectively.G7,R3,and X2 showed promoting effects on the cell viability and glucose uptake of L6 myoblasts within the detected concentration range.In addition,G7,R3,and X2 could increase the expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in L6 myoblasts,and promote the translocation of Glut4,but G7 and R3 showed more significant effects.Conclusion:The synergistic hypoglycemic effects of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk had the characteristics of multiple-components and multiple-targets with p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt and the translocation of Glut4 signal pathways involved.The three traditional herbs might have the potential to be combined used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes based on the synergistic hypoglycemic effects.展开更多
As a physical stimulation of the body surface,the process of transmitting acupuncture information from acupoints to target organs through meridians and collaterals is complex,and network regulation is the most basic m...As a physical stimulation of the body surface,the process of transmitting acupuncture information from acupoints to target organs through meridians and collaterals is complex,and network regulation is the most basic mode of acupuncture.Exosomes are membrane vesicles formed by various types of cells and secreted to the extracellular matrix through a series of regulation.We speculate that exosomes and their carriers,as important carriers of communication among neurons,endocrine cells,and immune cells,may play an important role in the process of acupuncture information transmission.Exosome in the acupoint area is an important interactive form of transformation from physical information to chemical information.Circulating exosome is an important means of delivery for acupuncture to play an important role in the network regulation.The structure and information molecules of exosomes are the important material bases for acupuncture effect.Through experimental research,it was found that acupuncture can regulate the release of exosome and may have a certain relationship with acupuncture effect.Therefore,exosome may play an important role in the process of acupuncture information transmission,which is an important new way of acupuncture information transmission.展开更多
文摘Injury to the anterior talofibular ligament(ATFL)is a common acute injury of the lateral foot ligament.Untimely and improper treatment significantly affects the quality of life and rehabilitation progress of patients.The purpose of this paper is to review the anatomy and the current methods of diagnosis and treatment of acute injury to the ATFL.The clinical manifestations of acute injury to the ATFL include pain,swelling,and dysfunction.At present,non-surgical treatment is the first choice for acute injury of the ATFL.The standard treatment strategy involves the“peace and love”principle.After initial treatment in the acute phase,personalized rehabilitation training programs can be followed.These may involve proprioception training,muscle training,and functional exercise to restore limb coordination and muscle strength.Static stretching and other techniques to loosen joints,acupuncture,moxibustion massage,and other traditional medical treatments can relieve pain,restore range of motion,and prevent joint stiffness.If the non-surgical treatment is not ideal or fails,surgical treatment is feasible.Currently,arthroscopic anatomical repair or anatomical reconstruction surgery is commonly used in clinical practice.Although open Broström surgery provides good results,the modified arthroscopic Broström surgery has many advantages,such as less trauma,rapid pain relief,rapid postoperative recovery,and fewer complications,and is more popular with patients.In general,when treating acute injury to the ATFL,treatment management and methods should be timely and reasonably arranged according to the specific injury scenario and attention should be paid to the timely combination of multiple therapies to achieve the best treatment results.
文摘Achalasia cardia,type of esophageal dynamic disorder,is a relatively rare primary motor esophageal disease characterized by the functional loss of plexus ganglion cells in the distal esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter.Loss of function of the distal and lower esophageal sphincter ganglion cells is the main cause of achalasia cardia,and is more likely to occur in the elderly.Histological changes in the esophageal mucosa are considered pathogenic;however,studies have found that inflammation and genetic changes at the molecular level may also cause achalasia cardia,resulting in dysphagia,reflux,aspiration,retrosternal pain,and weight loss.Currently,the treatment options for achalasia focus on reducing the resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter,helping to empty the esophagus and relieve symptoms.Treatment measures include botulinum toxin injection,inflatable dilation,stent insertion,and surgical myotomy(open or laparoscopic).Surgical procedures are often subject to controversy owing to concerns about safety and effectiveness,particularly in older patients.Herein,we review clinical epidemiological and experimental data to determine the prevalence,pathogenesis,clinical presentation,diagnostic criteria,and treatment options for achalasia to support its clinical management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3987099)the Guangdong-Hong Kong Technology Cooperation Funding Scheme(No.GHP/022/06)the Research Committee,Guangdong Medica College(No.XB0601)
文摘Objective: To examine the apoptotic effect of ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic-acid (5F), a compound isolated from Pteris semipinnata L (PsL), in human lung cancer A549 cells. Methods: A549 cells were treated with 5F (0-80 μg/ml) for different time periods. Cytotoxicity was examined using a MTT method. Cell cycle was examined using propidium iodide staining. Apoptosis was examined using Hoechst 33258 staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and caspase-3 activity analysis. Expression of representative apoptosis-related proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured using standard protocols. Potential interaction of 5F with cisplatin was also examined. Results: 5F inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. 5F increased the accumulation of cells in sub-G1 phase and arrested the cells in the G2 phase. Exposure to 5F induced morphological changes and DNA fragmentation that are characteristic of apoptosis. The expression of p21 was increased. 5F exposure also increased Bax expression, release of cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and activation of caspase-3. 5F significantly sensitized the cells to cisplatin toxicity. Interestingly, treatment with 5F did not increase ROS, but reduced ROS production induced by cisplatin. Conclusion: 5F could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells by arresting the cells in G2 phase and by inducing mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.
基金the grant from National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFE0110000)the grant from Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Foundation(Grant No.22JCYBJC00160).
文摘Background:Green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk are traditional herbs used in the prevention and treatment of diabetes in China for a long time,but their synergistic hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms remain unclear.Methods:The effective components of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk were extracted and enriched.Mixture design of experiments was used to study the influences of different combinations on the cell viability and glucose uptake level of L6 myoblasts,so as to determine the optimal synergistic hypoglycemic combination.The possible hypoglycemic mechanism of the optimal synergistic combination was explored by cytotoxicity assay,glucose uptake assay,and western blot.Results:Three polyphenol enrichment fractions of the herbs,30%ethanol elution fraction of green tea(GT),50%ethanol elution fraction of mulberry leaf(ML)and 60%ethanol elution fraction of corn silk(CS)were obtained.The antioxidant activities of GT-30%,ML-50%and CS-60%were superior to those of crude extracts,and showed strong potential inα-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibition activities.The optimal synergistic combination of crude extracts G7(crude extract of green tea:crude extract of mulberry leaf:crude extract of corn silk=1:5:3),polyphenol enrichment fractions R3(GT-30%:ML-50%:CS-60%=1:7:1)and monomers X2(epigallocatechin gallate:morusin:formononetin=3:1:2)were selected,respectively.G7,R3,and X2 showed promoting effects on the cell viability and glucose uptake of L6 myoblasts within the detected concentration range.In addition,G7,R3,and X2 could increase the expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in L6 myoblasts,and promote the translocation of Glut4,but G7 and R3 showed more significant effects.Conclusion:The synergistic hypoglycemic effects of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk had the characteristics of multiple-components and multiple-targets with p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt and the translocation of Glut4 signal pathways involved.The three traditional herbs might have the potential to be combined used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes based on the synergistic hypoglycemic effects.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81403457NO.81873369)+7 种基金“Scientific Research Plan of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission”(No.2017KJ143)“National Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin”(No.18JCQNJC82400)“Key Research Project of Tianjin Health Committee on the integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine”(No.2019052)“Project of Talent Recommendation of China Association for Science and Technology”(No.2019-2021ZGZJXH-QNRC001)“Graduate Research and Innovation Project of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine”(No.YJSKC-20191007YJSKC-20191008YJSKC-20191036)“Tianjin Graduate Research and Innovation Project”(No.2019YJSB139)
文摘As a physical stimulation of the body surface,the process of transmitting acupuncture information from acupoints to target organs through meridians and collaterals is complex,and network regulation is the most basic mode of acupuncture.Exosomes are membrane vesicles formed by various types of cells and secreted to the extracellular matrix through a series of regulation.We speculate that exosomes and their carriers,as important carriers of communication among neurons,endocrine cells,and immune cells,may play an important role in the process of acupuncture information transmission.Exosome in the acupoint area is an important interactive form of transformation from physical information to chemical information.Circulating exosome is an important means of delivery for acupuncture to play an important role in the network regulation.The structure and information molecules of exosomes are the important material bases for acupuncture effect.Through experimental research,it was found that acupuncture can regulate the release of exosome and may have a certain relationship with acupuncture effect.Therefore,exosome may play an important role in the process of acupuncture information transmission,which is an important new way of acupuncture information transmission.
