The environmental pollution caused by psychotropic drugs harms human health and has prompted a stronger emphasis on research into water treatment measures.The UV/Chlorine-biological activated carbon(BAC)combined proce...The environmental pollution caused by psychotropic drugs harms human health and has prompted a stronger emphasis on research into water treatment measures.The UV/Chlorine-biological activated carbon(BAC)combined process was employed in this study to treat amitriptyline(AMT),a typical psychotropic drug,in slightly contaminated drinking water.The removal efficiency of AMT in drinking water by UV/Chlorine and the feasibility of combining it with BAC were determined.The results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of 1μmol/L AMT could reach 98.5%of the 2.0 mg/L chlorine and UV treated for 30 min.A significant removal improvement of AMT was 10%45%compared to UV alone,Chlorine alone,and other oxidants combined,especially the SOUR(Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate),which was 57%-90%compared to other oxidants combined.Secondly,the optimal process parameters for UV/Chlorine-BAC treatment of slightly contaminated drinking water were a combination of UV exposure,chlorine dosage of 2 mg/L,and reaction times of i5 min followed by 30 min of BAC treatment.The AMT degradation,CODMn removal efficiency,and NO_(3)-N production was 88%,65%,and 95%,respectively.There was no significant effect on the number of microorganisms in the BAC medium,ensuring good long-term operation.Furthermore,an investigation was conducted to assess the influence of optimal process operation on the microbial community structure within BAC.This analysis unveiled a positive feedback loop in the colony architecture after implementing ideal process parameters.This study provides significant inspiration for addressing residual antidepressant issues using traditional drinking water treatment processes.展开更多
Urban villages are unique residential neighborhoods in urban areas in China. Roof tanks are their main form of water supply, and water quality deterioration might occur in this system because of poor hygienic conditio...Urban villages are unique residential neighborhoods in urban areas in China. Roof tanks are their main form of water supply, and water quality deterioration might occur in this system because of poor hygienic conditions and maintenance. In this study, water samples were seasonally collected from an urban village to investigate the influence of roof tanks as an additional water storage device on the variation in the microbial community structure and pathogenic gene markers. Water stagnation in the roof tank induced significant decreases in chlorine(p < 0.05), residual chlorine was as low as 0.02 mg/L in spring. Propidium monoazide(PMA)-qPCR revealed a one-magnitude higher level of total viable bacterial concentration in roof tank water samples(2.14 ± 1.81 × 105gene copies/mL) than that in input water samples(3.57 ± 2.90 × 104gene copies/mL, p < 0.05), especially in spring and summer. In addition,pathogenic fungi, Mycobacterium spp., and Legionella spp. were frequently detected in the roof tanks. Terminal users might be exposed to higher microbial risk induced by high abundance of Legionella gene marker. Spearman’s rank correlation and redundancy analysis showed that residual chlorine was the driving force that promoted bacterial colonization and shaped the microbial community. It is worth noted that the sediment in the pipe will be agitated when the water supply is restored after the water outages, which can trigger an increase in turbidity and bacterial biomass. Overall, the findings provide practical suggestions for controlling microbiological health risks in roof tanks in urban villages.展开更多
The continuous input of various emerging contaminants(ECs)has inevitably introduced large amounts of transformation products(TPs)in natural and engineering water scenarios.Structurally similar to the precursor species...The continuous input of various emerging contaminants(ECs)has inevitably introduced large amounts of transformation products(TPs)in natural and engineering water scenarios.Structurally similar to the precursor species,the TPs are expected to possess comparative,if not more serious,environmental properties and risks.This review summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the integrated risk assessment frameworks of TPs of ECs,mainly involving the exposure-and effectdriven analysis.The inadequate information within existing frameworks that was essential and critical for developing a better risk assessment framework was discussed.The main strategic improvements include(1)non-targeted product analysis in both laboratory and field samples,(2)omics-based highthroughput toxicity assessment,(3)multichannel-driven mode of action in conjugation with effectdirected analysis,and(4)machine learning technology.Overall,this review provides a concise but comprehensive insight into the optimized strategy for evaluating the environmental risks and screening the key toxic products from the cocktail mixtures of ECs and their TPs in the global water cycle.This facilitates deciphering the mode of toxicity in complex chemical mixtures and prioritizing the regulated TPs among the unknown products,which have the potential to be considered a class of novel"ECs"ofgreatconcern.展开更多
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been recognized as one of the biggest public health issues of the 21 st century. Both ARB and ARGs have been determined in water after tr...Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been recognized as one of the biggest public health issues of the 21 st century. Both ARB and ARGs have been determined in water after treatment with conventional disinfectants. Ultraviolet (UV) technology has been seen growth in application to disinfect the water. However, UV method alone is not adequate to degrade ARGs in water. Researchers are investigating the combination of UV with other oxidants (chlorine, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and photocatalysts) to harness the high reactivity of produced reactive species (C1-, C1O -, Cl2-,-OH, and SO4-_) in such processes with constituents of cell (e.g., deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and its components) in order to increase the degradation efficiency of ARGs. This paper briefly reviews the current status of different UV-based treatments (UV/chlorination, UV/H2O2, UV/PMS, and UV-photocatalysis) to degrade ARGs and to control horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in water. The review also provides discussion on the mechanism of degradation of ARGs and application of q-PCR and gel electrophoresis to obtain insights of the fate of ARGs during UV-based treatment processes.展开更多
Water quality deterioration often occurs in secondary water supply systems(SWSSs), and increased heavy metal concentrations can be a serious problem. In this survey, twelve residential neighborhoods were selected to i...Water quality deterioration often occurs in secondary water supply systems(SWSSs), and increased heavy metal concentrations can be a serious problem. In this survey, twelve residential neighborhoods were selected to investigate the influence of SWSSs on the seasonal changes in heavy metal concentrations from input water to tank and tap water. The concentrations of nine evaluated heavy metals in all groups of water samples were found to be far below the specified standard levels in China. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Zn increased significantly from the input water samples to the tank and tap water samples in spring and summer( p < 0.05), especially for the water samples that had been stagnant for a long time. Negative correlations were found between most of the heavy metals and residual chlorine(Fe, Cu, Zn, and As, r =-0.186 to-0.519, p < 0.05). In particular, a high negative correlation was observed between Fe and residual chlorine( r =-0.489 to-0.519, p < 0.01) in spring and summer. Fe and Mn displayed positive correlations with turbidity( r = 0.672 and 0.328, respectively;p < 0.05). In addition, Cr and As were found to be positively associated with some nutrients(NO, TN, and SO;r = 0.420-0.786, p < 0.01). The material of the storage tanks had little influence on the difference in heavy metal concentrations. Overall, this survey illustrated that SWSSs may pose a chronic threat to water quality and could provide useful information for practitioners.展开更多
Urban wastewater contains a wide range of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),which are a serious concern if reusing treated wastewater.However,few studies have explored the microbial communities in reclai...Urban wastewater contains a wide range of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),which are a serious concern if reusing treated wastewater.However,few studies have explored the microbial communities in reclaimed water using ultraviolet(UV)/chlorine treatment and assessed the changes of the resistome.This study investigated the occurrence of typical pathogens,ARGs,and bacterial communities in UV/chlorine-treated reclaimed water samples.The numbers of culturable and viable but non-culturable pathogens were effectively reduced to 0 CFU/mL within 1–10 and 10–30 min after UV/chlorine treatment,respectively.Meanwhile,the physicochemical indices of water quality were not affected.UV/chlorine treatment could significantly change the bacterial community structure of reclaimed water,showing a decrease in bacterial abundance and diversity.Chlorine-resistant Acinetobacter and Mycobacterium were the dominant bacterial genera(>50%)after UV/chlorine treatment.Moreover,the number of ARGs and mobile genetic elements(MGEs)decreased with an increase in UV/chlorine exposure.However,eight ARGs and three MGEs were consistently detected in more than three seasons,making these major concerns because of their potential role in the persistence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.Overall,the results of this study suggest that UV/chlorine treatment can potentially improve the microbiological safety of reclaimed water.And more attention should be paid to the pathogens that are both chlorine-resistant and carry MGEs because of their potential for resistance transmission.展开更多
Accompanying an annual increase in cancer incidence,the global use of anticancer drugs has remarkably increased with their worldwide environmental prevalence and ecological risks.In this study,the oxidation of methotr...Accompanying an annual increase in cancer incidence,the global use of anticancer drugs has remarkably increased with their worldwide environmental prevalence and ecological risks.In this study,the oxidation of methotrexate(MTX),a typical anticancer drug with ubiquitous occurrence and multi-endpoint toxicity,by ferrate(VI)(Fe(VI))and permanganate(Mn(VII)))was investigated in water.Fe(VI)exhibited a higher reactivity with MTX(93.34 M^(−1) s^(−1))than Mn(VII)(3.01 M^(−1) s^(−1)) at pH 8.0.The introduction of Cu(II)and Fe(III)at 1.0 mM improved the removal efficiency of 5.0μM MTX by 100.0μM Fe(VI)from 80%to 95%and 100%after 4 min,respectively.Seven oxidized products(OPs)were identified during oxidative treatments,while OP-191 and OP-205 were characterized as specific products for Fe(VI)oxidation.Initial ketonization of the L-glutamic acid moiety and cleavage of the peptide bond of MTX were proposed.Additionally,a multi-endpoint toxicity evaluation indicated no genotoxicity,neurotoxicity,or endocrine-disrupting effects of MTX and its OPs.Particularly,serious developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae was observed in the treated MTX solutions.Based on the acute and chronic aquatic toxicity prediction,OP-190,OP-192,OP-206,and OP-208 were deemed toxic or very toxic compared to harmful MTX.Furthermore,the reduced biodegradability index from 0.15(MTX)to−0.5 to−0.2(OP-192,OP-206,and OP-468)indicated the formation of lower biodegradable OPs.Overall,this study suggests that Fe(VI)and Mn(VII)oxidation are promising treatments for remediating anticancer drug-contaminated water.However,the environmental risks associated with these treatments should be considered in the evaluation of water safety.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&DProgram of China(No.2023YFE0112100).
文摘The environmental pollution caused by psychotropic drugs harms human health and has prompted a stronger emphasis on research into water treatment measures.The UV/Chlorine-biological activated carbon(BAC)combined process was employed in this study to treat amitriptyline(AMT),a typical psychotropic drug,in slightly contaminated drinking water.The removal efficiency of AMT in drinking water by UV/Chlorine and the feasibility of combining it with BAC were determined.The results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of 1μmol/L AMT could reach 98.5%of the 2.0 mg/L chlorine and UV treated for 30 min.A significant removal improvement of AMT was 10%45%compared to UV alone,Chlorine alone,and other oxidants combined,especially the SOUR(Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate),which was 57%-90%compared to other oxidants combined.Secondly,the optimal process parameters for UV/Chlorine-BAC treatment of slightly contaminated drinking water were a combination of UV exposure,chlorine dosage of 2 mg/L,and reaction times of i5 min followed by 30 min of BAC treatment.The AMT degradation,CODMn removal efficiency,and NO_(3)-N production was 88%,65%,and 95%,respectively.There was no significant effect on the number of microorganisms in the BAC medium,ensuring good long-term operation.Furthermore,an investigation was conducted to assess the influence of optimal process operation on the microbial community structure within BAC.This analysis unveiled a positive feedback loop in the colony architecture after implementing ideal process parameters.This study provides significant inspiration for addressing residual antidepressant issues using traditional drinking water treatment processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41861144023, U2005206)the Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology (No. YDZX20203502000003)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No. 2020J05090)。
文摘Urban villages are unique residential neighborhoods in urban areas in China. Roof tanks are their main form of water supply, and water quality deterioration might occur in this system because of poor hygienic conditions and maintenance. In this study, water samples were seasonally collected from an urban village to investigate the influence of roof tanks as an additional water storage device on the variation in the microbial community structure and pathogenic gene markers. Water stagnation in the roof tank induced significant decreases in chlorine(p < 0.05), residual chlorine was as low as 0.02 mg/L in spring. Propidium monoazide(PMA)-qPCR revealed a one-magnitude higher level of total viable bacterial concentration in roof tank water samples(2.14 ± 1.81 × 105gene copies/mL) than that in input water samples(3.57 ± 2.90 × 104gene copies/mL, p < 0.05), especially in spring and summer. In addition,pathogenic fungi, Mycobacterium spp., and Legionella spp. were frequently detected in the roof tanks. Terminal users might be exposed to higher microbial risk induced by high abundance of Legionella gene marker. Spearman’s rank correlation and redundancy analysis showed that residual chlorine was the driving force that promoted bacterial colonization and shaped the microbial community. It is worth noted that the sediment in the pipe will be agitated when the water supply is restored after the water outages, which can trigger an increase in turbidity and bacterial biomass. Overall, the findings provide practical suggestions for controlling microbiological health risks in roof tanks in urban villages.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China-Joint Fund Project(No.U2005206)the Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(No.YDZX20203502000003)the support of the President Research Funds from Xiamen University(No.20720210081).
文摘The continuous input of various emerging contaminants(ECs)has inevitably introduced large amounts of transformation products(TPs)in natural and engineering water scenarios.Structurally similar to the precursor species,the TPs are expected to possess comparative,if not more serious,environmental properties and risks.This review summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the integrated risk assessment frameworks of TPs of ECs,mainly involving the exposure-and effectdriven analysis.The inadequate information within existing frameworks that was essential and critical for developing a better risk assessment framework was discussed.The main strategic improvements include(1)non-targeted product analysis in both laboratory and field samples,(2)omics-based highthroughput toxicity assessment,(3)multichannel-driven mode of action in conjugation with effectdirected analysis,and(4)machine learning technology.Overall,this review provides a concise but comprehensive insight into the optimized strategy for evaluating the environmental risks and screening the key toxic products from the cocktail mixtures of ECs and their TPs in the global water cycle.This facilitates deciphering the mode of toxicity in complex chemical mixtures and prioritizing the regulated TPs among the unknown products,which have the potential to be considered a class of novel"ECs"ofgreatconcern.
文摘Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been recognized as one of the biggest public health issues of the 21 st century. Both ARB and ARGs have been determined in water after treatment with conventional disinfectants. Ultraviolet (UV) technology has been seen growth in application to disinfect the water. However, UV method alone is not adequate to degrade ARGs in water. Researchers are investigating the combination of UV with other oxidants (chlorine, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and photocatalysts) to harness the high reactivity of produced reactive species (C1-, C1O -, Cl2-,-OH, and SO4-_) in such processes with constituents of cell (e.g., deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and its components) in order to increase the degradation efficiency of ARGs. This paper briefly reviews the current status of different UV-based treatments (UV/chlorination, UV/H2O2, UV/PMS, and UV-photocatalysis) to degrade ARGs and to control horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in water. The review also provides discussion on the mechanism of degradation of ARGs and application of q-PCR and gel electrophoresis to obtain insights of the fate of ARGs during UV-based treatment processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41861144023, U2005206)Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology (No. YDZX20203502000003)。
文摘Water quality deterioration often occurs in secondary water supply systems(SWSSs), and increased heavy metal concentrations can be a serious problem. In this survey, twelve residential neighborhoods were selected to investigate the influence of SWSSs on the seasonal changes in heavy metal concentrations from input water to tank and tap water. The concentrations of nine evaluated heavy metals in all groups of water samples were found to be far below the specified standard levels in China. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Zn increased significantly from the input water samples to the tank and tap water samples in spring and summer( p < 0.05), especially for the water samples that had been stagnant for a long time. Negative correlations were found between most of the heavy metals and residual chlorine(Fe, Cu, Zn, and As, r =-0.186 to-0.519, p < 0.05). In particular, a high negative correlation was observed between Fe and residual chlorine( r =-0.489 to-0.519, p < 0.01) in spring and summer. Fe and Mn displayed positive correlations with turbidity( r = 0.672 and 0.328, respectively;p < 0.05). In addition, Cr and As were found to be positively associated with some nutrients(NO, TN, and SO;r = 0.420-0.786, p < 0.01). The material of the storage tanks had little influence on the difference in heavy metal concentrations. Overall, this survey illustrated that SWSSs may pose a chronic threat to water quality and could provide useful information for practitioners.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.51678551)Singapore-China Joint Research Grant Call(NRF-NSFC 3rd Joint Grant Call-Earth Science)(41861144023)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China-Joint Fund Project(U2005206)Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(China)(YDZX20203502000003).
文摘Urban wastewater contains a wide range of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),which are a serious concern if reusing treated wastewater.However,few studies have explored the microbial communities in reclaimed water using ultraviolet(UV)/chlorine treatment and assessed the changes of the resistome.This study investigated the occurrence of typical pathogens,ARGs,and bacterial communities in UV/chlorine-treated reclaimed water samples.The numbers of culturable and viable but non-culturable pathogens were effectively reduced to 0 CFU/mL within 1–10 and 10–30 min after UV/chlorine treatment,respectively.Meanwhile,the physicochemical indices of water quality were not affected.UV/chlorine treatment could significantly change the bacterial community structure of reclaimed water,showing a decrease in bacterial abundance and diversity.Chlorine-resistant Acinetobacter and Mycobacterium were the dominant bacterial genera(>50%)after UV/chlorine treatment.Moreover,the number of ARGs and mobile genetic elements(MGEs)decreased with an increase in UV/chlorine exposure.However,eight ARGs and three MGEs were consistently detected in more than three seasons,making these major concerns because of their potential role in the persistence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance.Overall,the results of this study suggest that UV/chlorine treatment can potentially improve the microbiological safety of reclaimed water.And more attention should be paid to the pathogens that are both chlorine-resistant and carry MGEs because of their potential for resistance transmission.
基金supported by the President Research Funds from Xiamen University(No.20720210081)Singapore-China Joint Research Grant Call(NRF-NSFC 3rd Joint Grant Call-Earth Science)(No.41861144023)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China-Joint Fund Project(No.U2005206)Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(No.YDZX20203502000003).
文摘Accompanying an annual increase in cancer incidence,the global use of anticancer drugs has remarkably increased with their worldwide environmental prevalence and ecological risks.In this study,the oxidation of methotrexate(MTX),a typical anticancer drug with ubiquitous occurrence and multi-endpoint toxicity,by ferrate(VI)(Fe(VI))and permanganate(Mn(VII)))was investigated in water.Fe(VI)exhibited a higher reactivity with MTX(93.34 M^(−1) s^(−1))than Mn(VII)(3.01 M^(−1) s^(−1)) at pH 8.0.The introduction of Cu(II)and Fe(III)at 1.0 mM improved the removal efficiency of 5.0μM MTX by 100.0μM Fe(VI)from 80%to 95%and 100%after 4 min,respectively.Seven oxidized products(OPs)were identified during oxidative treatments,while OP-191 and OP-205 were characterized as specific products for Fe(VI)oxidation.Initial ketonization of the L-glutamic acid moiety and cleavage of the peptide bond of MTX were proposed.Additionally,a multi-endpoint toxicity evaluation indicated no genotoxicity,neurotoxicity,or endocrine-disrupting effects of MTX and its OPs.Particularly,serious developmental toxicity in zebrafish larvae was observed in the treated MTX solutions.Based on the acute and chronic aquatic toxicity prediction,OP-190,OP-192,OP-206,and OP-208 were deemed toxic or very toxic compared to harmful MTX.Furthermore,the reduced biodegradability index from 0.15(MTX)to−0.5 to−0.2(OP-192,OP-206,and OP-468)indicated the formation of lower biodegradable OPs.Overall,this study suggests that Fe(VI)and Mn(VII)oxidation are promising treatments for remediating anticancer drug-contaminated water.However,the environmental risks associated with these treatments should be considered in the evaluation of water safety.
