Intracerebral hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition with a high fatality rate and severe sequelae.However,there is currently no treatment available for intracerebral hemorrhage,unlike for other stroke subtypes.Re...Intracerebral hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition with a high fatality rate and severe sequelae.However,there is currently no treatment available for intracerebral hemorrhage,unlike for other stroke subtypes.Recent studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy likely relate to the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage.Mitophagy,or selective autophagy of mitochondria,is an essential pathway to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis by clearing up damaged mitochondria.Mitophagy markedly contributes to the reduction of secondary brain injury caused by mitochondrial dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage.This review provides an overview of the mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs after intracerebral hemorrhage and the underlying mechanisms regarding how mitophagy regulates it,and discusses the new direction of therapeutic strategies targeting mitophagy for intracerebral hemorrhage,aiming to determine the close connection between mitophagy and intracerebral hemorrhage and identify new therapies to modulate mitophagy after intracerebral hemorrhage.In conclusion,although only a small number of drugs modulating mitophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage have been found thus far,most of which are in the preclinical stage and require further investigation,mitophagy is still a very valid and promising therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage in the long run.展开更多
Brain homeostasis refe rs to the normal working state of the brain in a certain period,which is impo rtant for overall health and normal life activities.Currently,there is a lack of effective treatment methods for the...Brain homeostasis refe rs to the normal working state of the brain in a certain period,which is impo rtant for overall health and normal life activities.Currently,there is a lack of effective treatment methods for the adverse consequences caused by brain homeostasis imbalance.Snapin is a protein that assists in the formation of neuronal synapses and plays a crucial role in the normal growth and development of synapses.Recently,many researchers have reported the association between snapin and neurologic and psychiatric disorders,demonstrating that snapin can improve brain homeostasis.Clinical manifestations of brain disease often involve imbalances in brain homeostasis and may lead to neurological and behavioral sequelae.This article aims to explo re the role of snapin in restoring brain homeostasis after injury or diseases,highlighting its significance in maintaining brain homeostasis and treating brain diseases.Additionally,it comprehensively discusses the implications of snapin in other extracerebral diseases such as diabetes and viral infections,with the objective of determining the clinical potential of snapin in maintaining brain homeostasis.展开更多
The diagnosis of COVID-19 requires chest computed tomography(CT).High-resolution CT images can provide more diagnostic information to help doctors better diagnose the disease,so it is of clinical importance to study s...The diagnosis of COVID-19 requires chest computed tomography(CT).High-resolution CT images can provide more diagnostic information to help doctors better diagnose the disease,so it is of clinical importance to study super-resolution(SR)algorithms applied to CT images to improve the reso-lution of CT images.However,most of the existing SR algorithms are studied based on natural images,which are not suitable for medical images;and most of these algorithms improve the reconstruction quality by increasing the network depth,which is not suitable for machines with limited resources.To alleviate these issues,we propose a residual feature attentional fusion network for lightweight chest CT image super-resolution(RFAFN).Specifically,we design a contextual feature extraction block(CFEB)that can extract CT image features more efficiently and accurately than ordinary residual blocks.In addition,we propose a feature-weighted cascading strategy(FWCS)based on attentional feature fusion blocks(AFFB)to utilize the high-frequency detail information extracted by CFEB as much as possible via selectively fusing adjacent level feature information.Finally,we suggest a global hierarchical feature fusion strategy(GHFFS),which can utilize the hierarchical features more effectively than dense concatenation by progressively aggregating the feature information at various levels.Numerous experiments show that our method performs better than most of the state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods on the COVID-19 chest CT dataset.In detail,the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)is 0.11 dB and 0.47 dB higher on CTtest1 and CTtest2 at×3 SR compared to the suboptimal method,but the number of parameters and multi-adds are reduced by 22K and 0.43G,respectively.Our method can better recover chest CT image quality with fewer computational resources and effectively assist in COVID-19.展开更多
Natural fish scales demonstrate outstanding mechanical efficiency owing to their elaborate architectures and thereby may serve as ideal prototypes for the architectural design of man-made materials.Here bioinspired ma...Natural fish scales demonstrate outstanding mechanical efficiency owing to their elaborate architectures and thereby may serve as ideal prototypes for the architectural design of man-made materials.Here bioinspired magnesium composites with fish-scale-like orthogonal plywood and double-Bouligand architectures were developed by pressureless infiltration of a magnesium melt into the woven contextures of continuous titanium fibers.The composites exhibit enhanced strength and work-hardening ability compared to those estimated from a simple mixture of their constituents at ambient to elevated temperatures.In particular,the double-Bouligand architecture can effectively deflect cracking paths,alleviate strain localization,and adaptively reorient titanium fibers within the magnesium matrix during the deformation of the composite,representing a successful implementation of the property-optimizing mechanisms in fish scales.The strength of the composites,specifically the effect of their bioinspired architectures,was interpreted based on the adaptation of classical laminate theory.This study may offer a feasible approach for developing new bioinspired metal-matrix composites with improved performance and provide theoretical guidance for their architectural designs.展开更多
The 100 crystal-oriented silicon micropillar array platforms were prepared by microfabrication processes for the purpose of electrolyte additive identification. The silicon micropillar array platform was used for the ...The 100 crystal-oriented silicon micropillar array platforms were prepared by microfabrication processes for the purpose of electrolyte additive identification. The silicon micropillar array platform was used for the study of fluorinated vinyl carbonate(FEC), vinyl ethylene carbonate(VEC), ethylene sulfite(ES), and vinyl carbonate(VC) electrolyte additives in the LiPF_6 dissolved in a mixture of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate electrolyte system using charge/discharge cycles, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the silicon pillar morphology displays cross-shaped expansion after lithiation/delithiation, the inorganic lithium salt keeps the silicon pillar morphology intact, and the organic lithium salt content promotes a rougher silicon pillar surface. The presence of poly-(VC) components on the surface of FEC and VC electrodes allows the silicon pillar to accommodate greater volume expansion while remaining intact. This work provides a standard, fast, and effective test method for the performance analysis of electrolyte additives and provides guidance for the development of new electrolyte additives.展开更多
The stabilization of non-precious metals as isolated active sites with high loading density over nitrogendoped carbon materials is essential for realizing the industrial application of single atom catalysts.However,ac...The stabilization of non-precious metals as isolated active sites with high loading density over nitrogendoped carbon materials is essential for realizing the industrial application of single atom catalysts.However,achieving high loading of single cobalt active sites with greatly enhanced oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity and stability remains challenging.Here,an efficient approach was described to create a single atom cobalt electrocatalyst(Co SAs/NC)which possesses enhanced mesoporosity and specific surface area that greatly favor the mass transportation and exposure of accessible active sites.The electronic structure of the catalyst by the strong metal-support interaction has been elucidated through experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations.Due to dramatically enhanced mass transport and electron transfer endowed by morphology and electronic structure engineering,Co SAs/NC exhibits remarkable ORR performance with excellent activity(onset and half-wave potentials of 1.04 V(RHE)and 0.90 V(RHE),Tafel slope of 69.8 mV dec^(-1)and J_(k) of 18.8 mA cm^(-2)at 0.85 V)and stability(7 mV activity decay after 10,000 cycles).In additio n,the catalyst demonstrates great promise as an alternative to traditional Pt/C catalyst in zinc-air batteries while maintaining high performance in terms of high specific capacity of(796.1 mAh/g_(Zn)),power density(175.4 mW/cm^(2)),and long-term cycling stability(140 h).This study presents a facile approach to design SACs with highly accessible active sites for electrochemical transformations.展开更多
The Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)is a widely used deep neural network.Compared with the shallow neural network,the CNN network has better performance and faster computing in some image recognition tasks.It can eff...The Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)is a widely used deep neural network.Compared with the shallow neural network,the CNN network has better performance and faster computing in some image recognition tasks.It can effectively avoid the problem that network training falls into local extremes.At present,CNN has been applied in many different fields,including fault diagnosis,and it has improved the level and efficiency of fault diagnosis.In this paper,a two-streams convolutional neural network(TCNN)model is proposed.Based on the short-time Fourier transform(STFT)spectral and Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient(MFCC)input characteristics of two-streams acoustic emission(AE)signals,an AE signal processing and classification system is constructed and compared with the traditional recognition methods of AE signals and traditional CNN networks.The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.Compared with single-stream convolutional neural network and a simple Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)network,the performance of TCNN which combines spatial and temporal features is greatly improved,and the accuracy rate can reach 100%on the current database,which is 12%higher than that of single-stream neural network.展开更多
The development of information technology has propelled technological reform in artificial intelligence(AI).To address the needs of diversified and complex applications,AI has been increasingly trending towards intell...The development of information technology has propelled technological reform in artificial intelligence(AI).To address the needs of diversified and complex applications,AI has been increasingly trending towards intelligent,collaborative,and systematized development across different levels and tasks.Research on intelligent,collaborative and systematized AI can be divided into three levels:micro,meso,and macro.Firstly,the micro-level collaboration is illustrated through the introduction of swarm intelligence collaborative methods related to individuals collaboration and decision variables collaboration.Secondly,the meso-level collaboration is discussed in terms of multi-task collaboration and multi-party collaboration.Thirdly,the macro-level collaboration is primarily in the context of intelligent collaborative systems,such as terrestrial-satellite collaboration,space-air-ground collaboration,space-air-ground-air collaboration,vehicle-road-cloud collaboration and end-edge-cloud collaboration.Finally,this paper provides prospects on the future development of relevant fields from the perspectives of the micro,meso,and macro levels.展开更多
A series of chemotherapeutic drugs that induce DNA damage,such as cisplatin(DDP),are standard clinical treatments for ovarian cancer,testicular cancer,and other diseases that lack effective targeted drug therapy.Drug ...A series of chemotherapeutic drugs that induce DNA damage,such as cisplatin(DDP),are standard clinical treatments for ovarian cancer,testicular cancer,and other diseases that lack effective targeted drug therapy.Drug resistance is one of the main factors limiting their application.Sensitizers can overcome the drug resistance of tumor cells,thereby enhancing the antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic drugs.In this study,we aimed to identify marketable drugs that could be potential chemotherapy sensitizers and explore the underlying mechanisms.We found that the alcohol withdrawal drug disulfiram(DSF)could significantly enhance the antitumor activity of DDP.JC-1 staining,propidium iodide(PI)staining,and western blotting confirmed that the combination of DSF and DDP could enhance the apoptosis of tumor cells.Subsequent RNA sequencing combined with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA)pathway enrichment analysis and cell biology studies such as immunofluorescence suggested an underlying mechanism:DSF makes cells more vulnerable to DNA damage by inhibiting the Fanconi anemia(FA)repair pathway,exerting a sensitizing effect to DNA damaging agents including platinum chemotherapy drugs.Thus,our study illustrated the potential mechanism of action of DSF in enhancing the antitumor effect of DDP.This might provide an effective and safe solution for combating DDP resistance in clinical treatment.展开更多
Mg(and Mg alloys)and Ti(and Ti alloys)are two important classes of metallic implant materials which are respectively completely degradable and non-degradable after implantation.Making composites composed of them offer...Mg(and Mg alloys)and Ti(and Ti alloys)are two important classes of metallic implant materials which are respectively completely degradable and non-degradable after implantation.Making composites composed of them offers the promise for combining their property advantages for bone repair.Here,we present a Mg-Ti composite fabricated by pressureless infiltration of pure Mg melt into 3D printed Ti scaffold,and demonstrate a potential of the composite for use as new partially degradable and bioactive implant materials.The composite has such architecture that the Mg and Ti phases are topologically bicontinuous and mutually interspersed in 3D space,and exhibits several advantages over its constituents,such as higher strengths than as-cast pure Mg and Ti scaffold along with lower Young’s modulus than dense Ti.Additionally,the degradation of Mg phase may induce the formation and ingrowth of new bone tissues into the Ti scaffold to form mechanical interlocking between them;in this process,the Ti scaffold provides constant support and Young’s modulus adaptively decreases toward that of bone.Despite the accelerated corrosion than pure Mg,the composite remains non-cytotoxic and does not cause obvious adverse reactions after implantation as revealed by in vitro and in vivo experiments.This study may offer a new possibility for combining mechanical durability and bioactivity in implant materials,and allow for customized and targeted design of the implant.展开更多
Erratum to Nano Research 2022,15(10):9092-9104 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4544-7 Figure 9 was unfortunately mistakenly typeset.This error did not affect any of the conclusions from the published paper.
The occurrence and development mechanism of internal local corrosion has always been a controversial topic,and especially under flow conditions.In this paper,an improved high shear force loop was experimentally used,a...The occurrence and development mechanism of internal local corrosion has always been a controversial topic,and especially under flow conditions.In this paper,an improved high shear force loop was experimentally used,and local flow field is induced by simulating corrosion defects on the surface of X80 pipeline steel specimens.The characteristics of corrosion products deposited on the surface of specimens in CO2-saturated NACE solution were investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS).The 3D micromorphology of the corrosion test surface after remove the corrosion scale used to measure the size of localized corrosion pit.Under the influence of local defects,the wall shear stress(WSS)and turbulent kinetic energy of local flow fields enhanced significantly,and pressure fluctuations in local flow field were induced.The results showed that the characteristics of surface corrosion products varied with flow velocity.The corrosion scales formed in various regions of specimens with defects exhibited different surface micro-morphologies and chemical compositions.Overall,these data offer new perspectives for better understanding the mechanisms behind local corrosion.展开更多
Chemoselective hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin is of great importance in converting biomass into high value-added chemicals.Herein,we describe a facile photochemical route to access palladium single atoms and clusters ...Chemoselective hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin is of great importance in converting biomass into high value-added chemicals.Herein,we describe a facile photochemical route to access palladium single atoms and clusters supported on silicoaluminophosphate-31(SAPO-31)as a highly active,chemoselective,and reusable catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin.Characterizations by aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy,extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurement,and CO-absorbed diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy reveal the atomically dispersed palladium single atoms and clusters are loosely bonded and randomly dispersed,without forming strong palladium-palladium metallic bonding,over the SAPO-31 support.This catalyst,with a full metal availability to the reactants,exhibits exceptional catalytic activity(TOF:3,000 h^(−1),Yield:>99%)in the hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin toward 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol(MMP)under mild conditions(1 atm,80°C,30 min),along with excellent stability,scalability(up to 100-fold),and wide substrate scope.The superior catalytic performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the positively charged palladium single atoms and fully exposed clusters,as well as the strong metal-support interactions.This work may offer a new avenue for the design and synthesis of fully exposed metal catalysts with targeted functionalities.展开更多
The microscopic Bouligand-type architectures of fish scales demonstrate a notable efficiency in enhancing the damage tolerance of materials;nevertheless,it is challenging to reproduce in metals.Here bioinspired tungst...The microscopic Bouligand-type architectures of fish scales demonstrate a notable efficiency in enhancing the damage tolerance of materials;nevertheless,it is challenging to reproduce in metals.Here bioinspired tungsten-copper composites with different Bouligand-type architectures mimicking fish scales were fabricated by infiltrating a copper melt into woven contextures of tungsten fibers.These composites exhibit a synergetic enhancement in both strength and ductility at room temperature along with an improved resistance to high-temperature oxidization.The strengths were interpreted by adapting the classical laminate theory to incorporate the characteristics of Bouligand-type architectures.In particular,under load the tungsten fibers can reorient adaptively within the copper matrix by their straightening,stretching,interfacial sliding with the matrix,and the cooperative kinking deformation of fiber grids,representing a successful implementation of the optimizing mechanisms of the Bouligand-type architectures to enhance strength and toughness.This study may serve to promote the development of new high-performance tungsten-copper composites for applications,e.g.,as electrical contacts or heat sinks,and offer a viable approach for constructing bioinspired architectures in metallic materials.展开更多
The exponential spread of COVID-19 worldwide is evident,with devastating outbreaks primarily in the United States,Spain,Italy,the United Kingdom,France,Germany,Turkey and Russia.As of 1 May 2020,a total of 3,308,386 c...The exponential spread of COVID-19 worldwide is evident,with devastating outbreaks primarily in the United States,Spain,Italy,the United Kingdom,France,Germany,Turkey and Russia.As of 1 May 2020,a total of 3,308,386 confirmed cases have been reported worldwide,with an accumulative mortality of 233,093.Due to the complexity and uncertainty of the pathology of COVID-19,it is not easy for front-line doctors to categorise severity levels of clinical COVID-19 that are general and severe/critical cases,with consistency.The more than 300 laboratory features,coupled with underlying disease,all combine to complicate proper and rapid patient diagnosis.However,such screening is necessary for early triage,diagnosis,assignment of appropriate level of care facility,and institution of timely intervention.A machine learning analysis was carried out with confirmed COVID-19 patient data from 10 January to 18 February 2020,who were admitted to Tongji Hospital,in Wuhan,China.A softmax neural network-based machine learning model was established to categorise patient severity levels.According to the analysis of 2662 cases using clinical and laboratory data,the present model can be used to reveal the top 30 of more than 300 laboratory features,yielding 86.30%blind test accuracy,0.8195 F1-score,and 100%consistency using a two-way patient classification of severe/critical to general.For severe/critical cases,F1-score is 0.9081(i.e.recall is 0.9050,and precision is 0.9113).This model for classification can be accomplished at a mini-second-level computational cost(in contrast to minute-level manual).Based on available COVID-19 patient diagnosis and therapy,an artificial intelligence model paradigm can help doctors quickly classify patients with a high degree of accuracy and 100%consistency to significantly improve diagnostic and classification efficiency.The discovered top 30 laboratory features can be used for greater differentiation to serve as an essential supplement to current guidelines,thus creating a more comprehensive assessment of COVID-19 cases during the early stages of infection.Such early differentiation will help the assignment of the appropriate level of care for individual patients.展开更多
Schisandra chinensis,a widely used Chinese herbal medicine,was considered as central nervous system(CNS)drug for years.Both ethanol extracts(EES)and water extracts(WES)of it were applied clinically.Unfortunately,the d...Schisandra chinensis,a widely used Chinese herbal medicine,was considered as central nervous system(CNS)drug for years.Both ethanol extracts(EES)and water extracts(WES)of it were applied clinically.Unfortunately,the difference of their efficacy and even effective material foundation of S.chinensis remains obscure.In this study,to explore the active constituents of S.chinensis,we compared pharmacodynamics and chemical profiles in vitrolin vivo of EES/WES for the first time using multiple chemical analysis,pharmacological and data processing approaches.It was proved that there was no significant difference in the anti-depressive effects between WES and EES.However,the contents of most components in vitro and in plasma were higher in EES than those in WES,which was unconvincing for their similar efficacy.Therefore,we further explored components of S.chinensis targeted onto brain and the results showed that 5 lignans were identified with definite absorptivity respectively both in EES and WES caused by the limitation of blood-brain barrier.Moreover,bioinformatic analysis predicted their anti-depressive action.Above all,the systematic strategy screened 5 brain-targeted effective substances of S.chinensis and it was suggested that exploring the components into nidi would promote the studies on herbs effective material basis.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the strategic interaction between the normal and sharp traders in a dynamic limit-order security market and its impact on the Chinese security market at different market volatility levels.We ...In this paper,we consider the strategic interaction between the normal and sharp traders in a dynamic limit-order security market and its impact on the Chinese security market at different market volatility levels.We find that when the proportion of sharp traders is less than a threshold in an orderdriven market,the sharp traders who submit limit orders will get more returns than the normal traders.The participation of sharp traders in the market can increase the total social welfare of all the traders.In addition,we show that:(1)when the market volatility level is generally low,the short-term sharp traders benefit from larger volatility;(2)when the market volatility level is generally high,the insider/cheating sharp traders with high-frequent trading rather than the short-term sharp traders benefit from extreme high volatility;(3)when the market volatility level is moderate,the sharp traders can increase market liquidity.展开更多
Tuning the electronic properties of single atom catalysts(SACs)between the central metal and the neighboring surface atoms has emerged as an efficient strategy to boost catalytic efficiency and metal utilization.Here ...Tuning the electronic properties of single atom catalysts(SACs)between the central metal and the neighboring surface atoms has emerged as an efficient strategy to boost catalytic efficiency and metal utilization.Here we describe a simple and efficient approach to create atomically dispersed palladium atoms supported over defect-containing porous ceria nanorod containing palladium up to 0.26 wt.%.The existence of singly dispersed palladium atoms is confirmed by spherical aberration correction electron microscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements.This catalyst shows excellent efficiency in hydrodehalogenation reactions at low H2 pressure under mild conditions,along with satisfactory recyclability and scalability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the high activity stems from the spatial isolation of palladium atoms and the modified electronic structure of palladium confined in defect-containing ceria nanorod.This work may lay the foundation for the facile creation of single atom catalysts within the synthetic community and shed light on the possibility for scale-up production.展开更多
Atomically dispersed single atom catalysts represent an ideal means of converting less valuable organics into value-added chemicals of interest with high efficiency.Herein,we describe a facile synthetic approach to cr...Atomically dispersed single atom catalysts represent an ideal means of converting less valuable organics into value-added chemicals of interest with high efficiency.Herein,we describe a facile synthetic approach to create defect-containingβ-FeOOH doped with isolated palladium atoms that bond covalently to the nearby oxygen and iron atoms.The presence of singly dispersed palladium atoms is confirmed by spherical aberration correction electron microscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements.This single palladium atom catalyst manifests outstanding catalytic efficiency(conversion:99%;selectivity 99%;turnover frequency:2,440 h^(-1))in the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to afford hydrocinnamaldehyde.Experimental measurements and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the high catalytic activity and the strong metal-support interaction stem from the unique coordination environment of the isolated palladium atoms.These findings may pave the way for the facile construction of single atom catalysts in a defect-mediated strategy for efficient organic transformations in heterogeneous catalysis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071382(to MZ),81601306(to HS)The Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)(to MZ)+5 种基金Jiangsu 333 High-Level Talent Training Project(2022)(to HS)The Jiangsu Maternal and Child Health Research Key Project,No.F202013(to HS)Jiangsu Talent Youth Medical Program,No.QNRC2016245(to HS)Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine,No.KF2102(to MZ)Suzhou Science and Technology Development Project,No.SYS2020089(to MZ)The Fifth Batch of Gusu District Health Talent Training Project,No.GSWS2019060(to HS)。
文摘Intracerebral hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition with a high fatality rate and severe sequelae.However,there is currently no treatment available for intracerebral hemorrhage,unlike for other stroke subtypes.Recent studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy likely relate to the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage.Mitophagy,or selective autophagy of mitochondria,is an essential pathway to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis by clearing up damaged mitochondria.Mitophagy markedly contributes to the reduction of secondary brain injury caused by mitochondrial dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage.This review provides an overview of the mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs after intracerebral hemorrhage and the underlying mechanisms regarding how mitophagy regulates it,and discusses the new direction of therapeutic strategies targeting mitophagy for intracerebral hemorrhage,aiming to determine the close connection between mitophagy and intracerebral hemorrhage and identify new therapies to modulate mitophagy after intracerebral hemorrhage.In conclusion,although only a small number of drugs modulating mitophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage have been found thus far,most of which are in the preclinical stage and require further investigation,mitophagy is still a very valid and promising therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage in the long run.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071382(to MZ),81601306(to HS)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)(to MZ)+5 种基金Jiangsu 333 High Level Talent Training Project(2022)(to HS)the Jiangsu Maternal and Child Health Research Key Project(F202013)(to HS)Jiangsu Talent Youth Medical Program,No.QNRC2016245(to HS)Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine,No.KF2102(to MZ)Suzhou Science and Technology Development Project,No.SYS2020089(to MZ)the Fifth Batch of Gusu District Health Talent Training Project,No.GSWS2019060(to HS)。
文摘Brain homeostasis refe rs to the normal working state of the brain in a certain period,which is impo rtant for overall health and normal life activities.Currently,there is a lack of effective treatment methods for the adverse consequences caused by brain homeostasis imbalance.Snapin is a protein that assists in the formation of neuronal synapses and plays a crucial role in the normal growth and development of synapses.Recently,many researchers have reported the association between snapin and neurologic and psychiatric disorders,demonstrating that snapin can improve brain homeostasis.Clinical manifestations of brain disease often involve imbalances in brain homeostasis and may lead to neurological and behavioral sequelae.This article aims to explo re the role of snapin in restoring brain homeostasis after injury or diseases,highlighting its significance in maintaining brain homeostasis and treating brain diseases.Additionally,it comprehensively discusses the implications of snapin in other extracerebral diseases such as diabetes and viral infections,with the objective of determining the clinical potential of snapin in maintaining brain homeostasis.
基金supported by the General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(H2019201378)the Foundation of the President of Hebei University(XZJJ201917)the Special Project for Cultivating Scientific and Technological Innovation Ability of University and Middle School Students of Hebei Province(2021H060306).
文摘The diagnosis of COVID-19 requires chest computed tomography(CT).High-resolution CT images can provide more diagnostic information to help doctors better diagnose the disease,so it is of clinical importance to study super-resolution(SR)algorithms applied to CT images to improve the reso-lution of CT images.However,most of the existing SR algorithms are studied based on natural images,which are not suitable for medical images;and most of these algorithms improve the reconstruction quality by increasing the network depth,which is not suitable for machines with limited resources.To alleviate these issues,we propose a residual feature attentional fusion network for lightweight chest CT image super-resolution(RFAFN).Specifically,we design a contextual feature extraction block(CFEB)that can extract CT image features more efficiently and accurately than ordinary residual blocks.In addition,we propose a feature-weighted cascading strategy(FWCS)based on attentional feature fusion blocks(AFFB)to utilize the high-frequency detail information extracted by CFEB as much as possible via selectively fusing adjacent level feature information.Finally,we suggest a global hierarchical feature fusion strategy(GHFFS),which can utilize the hierarchical features more effectively than dense concatenation by progressively aggregating the feature information at various levels.Numerous experiments show that our method performs better than most of the state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods on the COVID-19 chest CT dataset.In detail,the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)is 0.11 dB and 0.47 dB higher on CTtest1 and CTtest2 at×3 SR compared to the suboptimal method,but the number of parameters and multi-adds are reduced by 22K and 0.43G,respectively.Our method can better recover chest CT image quality with fewer computational resources and effectively assist in COVID-19.
基金the financial support by the National Key R&D Program of China under grant number 2020YFA0710404the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 51871216+6 种基金the KC Wong Education Foundation(GJTD-2020-09)the Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Programthe State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials at Donghua Universitythe Opening Project of Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of High-End Structural Materials under grant number hsm1801the Opening Project of National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics under grant number 6142A03203002the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CASsupported by the Multi-University Research Initiative under grant number AFOSR-FA9550-151-0009 from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research
文摘Natural fish scales demonstrate outstanding mechanical efficiency owing to their elaborate architectures and thereby may serve as ideal prototypes for the architectural design of man-made materials.Here bioinspired magnesium composites with fish-scale-like orthogonal plywood and double-Bouligand architectures were developed by pressureless infiltration of a magnesium melt into the woven contextures of continuous titanium fibers.The composites exhibit enhanced strength and work-hardening ability compared to those estimated from a simple mixture of their constituents at ambient to elevated temperatures.In particular,the double-Bouligand architecture can effectively deflect cracking paths,alleviate strain localization,and adaptively reorient titanium fibers within the magnesium matrix during the deformation of the composite,representing a successful implementation of the property-optimizing mechanisms in fish scales.The strength of the composites,specifically the effect of their bioinspired architectures,was interpreted based on the adaptation of classical laminate theory.This study may offer a feasible approach for developing new bioinspired metal-matrix composites with improved performance and provide theoretical guidance for their architectural designs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2016YFB0100500 and 2016YFB0100100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11674387, 11574385, 22005332, 115674368, and 62065005)。
文摘The 100 crystal-oriented silicon micropillar array platforms were prepared by microfabrication processes for the purpose of electrolyte additive identification. The silicon micropillar array platform was used for the study of fluorinated vinyl carbonate(FEC), vinyl ethylene carbonate(VEC), ethylene sulfite(ES), and vinyl carbonate(VC) electrolyte additives in the LiPF_6 dissolved in a mixture of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate electrolyte system using charge/discharge cycles, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the silicon pillar morphology displays cross-shaped expansion after lithiation/delithiation, the inorganic lithium salt keeps the silicon pillar morphology intact, and the organic lithium salt content promotes a rougher silicon pillar surface. The presence of poly-(VC) components on the surface of FEC and VC electrodes allows the silicon pillar to accommodate greater volume expansion while remaining intact. This work provides a standard, fast, and effective test method for the performance analysis of electrolyte additives and provides guidance for the development of new electrolyte additives.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(2019M661247,2020T130091)Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars of Heilongjiang Province of China(719900091)+1 种基金Program for Overseas Talents Introduction of Northeast Petroleum University(15041260303)Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program。
文摘The stabilization of non-precious metals as isolated active sites with high loading density over nitrogendoped carbon materials is essential for realizing the industrial application of single atom catalysts.However,achieving high loading of single cobalt active sites with greatly enhanced oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity and stability remains challenging.Here,an efficient approach was described to create a single atom cobalt electrocatalyst(Co SAs/NC)which possesses enhanced mesoporosity and specific surface area that greatly favor the mass transportation and exposure of accessible active sites.The electronic structure of the catalyst by the strong metal-support interaction has been elucidated through experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations.Due to dramatically enhanced mass transport and electron transfer endowed by morphology and electronic structure engineering,Co SAs/NC exhibits remarkable ORR performance with excellent activity(onset and half-wave potentials of 1.04 V(RHE)and 0.90 V(RHE),Tafel slope of 69.8 mV dec^(-1)and J_(k) of 18.8 mA cm^(-2)at 0.85 V)and stability(7 mV activity decay after 10,000 cycles).In additio n,the catalyst demonstrates great promise as an alternative to traditional Pt/C catalyst in zinc-air batteries while maintaining high performance in terms of high specific capacity of(796.1 mAh/g_(Zn)),power density(175.4 mW/cm^(2)),and long-term cycling stability(140 h).This study presents a facile approach to design SACs with highly accessible active sites for electrochemical transformations.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Nos.51908285,61673108 and 61571106]School-level Research Fund Project of Nanjing Institute of Technology[YKJ201975]China Postdoctoral Science Foundation[2018M630559].
文摘The Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)is a widely used deep neural network.Compared with the shallow neural network,the CNN network has better performance and faster computing in some image recognition tasks.It can effectively avoid the problem that network training falls into local extremes.At present,CNN has been applied in many different fields,including fault diagnosis,and it has improved the level and efficiency of fault diagnosis.In this paper,a two-streams convolutional neural network(TCNN)model is proposed.Based on the short-time Fourier transform(STFT)spectral and Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient(MFCC)input characteristics of two-streams acoustic emission(AE)signals,an AE signal processing and classification system is constructed and compared with the traditional recognition methods of AE signals and traditional CNN networks.The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.Compared with single-stream convolutional neural network and a simple Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)network,the performance of TCNN which combines spatial and temporal features is greatly improved,and the accuracy rate can reach 100%on the current database,which is 12%higher than that of single-stream neural network.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62036006,61906146)in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The development of information technology has propelled technological reform in artificial intelligence(AI).To address the needs of diversified and complex applications,AI has been increasingly trending towards intelligent,collaborative,and systematized development across different levels and tasks.Research on intelligent,collaborative and systematized AI can be divided into three levels:micro,meso,and macro.Firstly,the micro-level collaboration is illustrated through the introduction of swarm intelligence collaborative methods related to individuals collaboration and decision variables collaboration.Secondly,the meso-level collaboration is discussed in terms of multi-task collaboration and multi-party collaboration.Thirdly,the macro-level collaboration is primarily in the context of intelligent collaborative systems,such as terrestrial-satellite collaboration,space-air-ground collaboration,space-air-ground-air collaboration,vehicle-road-cloud collaboration and end-edge-cloud collaboration.Finally,this paper provides prospects on the future development of relevant fields from the perspectives of the micro,meso,and macro levels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104192)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.LR22H310002)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang University(No.XY2021044)the Zhejiang University K.P.Chao’s High Technology Development Foundation.
文摘A series of chemotherapeutic drugs that induce DNA damage,such as cisplatin(DDP),are standard clinical treatments for ovarian cancer,testicular cancer,and other diseases that lack effective targeted drug therapy.Drug resistance is one of the main factors limiting their application.Sensitizers can overcome the drug resistance of tumor cells,thereby enhancing the antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic drugs.In this study,we aimed to identify marketable drugs that could be potential chemotherapy sensitizers and explore the underlying mechanisms.We found that the alcohol withdrawal drug disulfiram(DSF)could significantly enhance the antitumor activity of DDP.JC-1 staining,propidium iodide(PI)staining,and western blotting confirmed that the combination of DSF and DDP could enhance the apoptosis of tumor cells.Subsequent RNA sequencing combined with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA)pathway enrichment analysis and cell biology studies such as immunofluorescence suggested an underlying mechanism:DSF makes cells more vulnerable to DNA damage by inhibiting the Fanconi anemia(FA)repair pathway,exerting a sensitizing effect to DNA damaging agents including platinum chemotherapy drugs.Thus,our study illustrated the potential mechanism of action of DSF in enhancing the antitumor effect of DDP.This might provide an effective and safe solution for combating DDP resistance in clinical treatment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0710404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51871216 and 52173269)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS.
文摘Mg(and Mg alloys)and Ti(and Ti alloys)are two important classes of metallic implant materials which are respectively completely degradable and non-degradable after implantation.Making composites composed of them offers the promise for combining their property advantages for bone repair.Here,we present a Mg-Ti composite fabricated by pressureless infiltration of pure Mg melt into 3D printed Ti scaffold,and demonstrate a potential of the composite for use as new partially degradable and bioactive implant materials.The composite has such architecture that the Mg and Ti phases are topologically bicontinuous and mutually interspersed in 3D space,and exhibits several advantages over its constituents,such as higher strengths than as-cast pure Mg and Ti scaffold along with lower Young’s modulus than dense Ti.Additionally,the degradation of Mg phase may induce the formation and ingrowth of new bone tissues into the Ti scaffold to form mechanical interlocking between them;in this process,the Ti scaffold provides constant support and Young’s modulus adaptively decreases toward that of bone.Despite the accelerated corrosion than pure Mg,the composite remains non-cytotoxic and does not cause obvious adverse reactions after implantation as revealed by in vitro and in vivo experiments.This study may offer a new possibility for combining mechanical durability and bioactivity in implant materials,and allow for customized and targeted design of the implant.
文摘Erratum to Nano Research 2022,15(10):9092-9104 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-4544-7 Figure 9 was unfortunately mistakenly typeset.This error did not affect any of the conclusions from the published paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China with(No.51774314)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province with grant number(No.ZR2018MEM002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.19CX05001A)for financial support。
文摘The occurrence and development mechanism of internal local corrosion has always been a controversial topic,and especially under flow conditions.In this paper,an improved high shear force loop was experimentally used,and local flow field is induced by simulating corrosion defects on the surface of X80 pipeline steel specimens.The characteristics of corrosion products deposited on the surface of specimens in CO2-saturated NACE solution were investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS).The 3D micromorphology of the corrosion test surface after remove the corrosion scale used to measure the size of localized corrosion pit.Under the influence of local defects,the wall shear stress(WSS)and turbulent kinetic energy of local flow fields enhanced significantly,and pressure fluctuations in local flow field were induced.The results showed that the characteristics of surface corrosion products varied with flow velocity.The corrosion scales formed in various regions of specimens with defects exhibited different surface micro-morphologies and chemical compositions.Overall,these data offer new perspectives for better understanding the mechanisms behind local corrosion.
基金The authors greatly acknowledge the financial support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2019M661247 and 2020T130091)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LBH-Z19047)+1 种基金Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars of Heilongjiang Province of China(719900091)Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry(Heilongjiang University),Ministry of Education.
文摘Chemoselective hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin is of great importance in converting biomass into high value-added chemicals.Herein,we describe a facile photochemical route to access palladium single atoms and clusters supported on silicoaluminophosphate-31(SAPO-31)as a highly active,chemoselective,and reusable catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin.Characterizations by aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy,extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurement,and CO-absorbed diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy reveal the atomically dispersed palladium single atoms and clusters are loosely bonded and randomly dispersed,without forming strong palladium-palladium metallic bonding,over the SAPO-31 support.This catalyst,with a full metal availability to the reactants,exhibits exceptional catalytic activity(TOF:3,000 h^(−1),Yield:>99%)in the hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin toward 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol(MMP)under mild conditions(1 atm,80°C,30 min),along with excellent stability,scalability(up to 100-fold),and wide substrate scope.The superior catalytic performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the positively charged palladium single atoms and fully exposed clusters,as well as the strong metal-support interactions.This work may offer a new avenue for the design and synthesis of fully exposed metal catalysts with targeted functionalities.
基金the financial support by the National Key R&D Program of China under grant number 2020YFA0710404the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant number 51871216+5 种基金the KC Wong Education Foundation(GJTD-2020-09)the Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Programthe State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials at Donghua Universitythe Opening Project of Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of High-End Structural Materials under grant number hsm1801the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CASsupport from the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative to University of California Riverside,funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research(AFOSR-FA9550–15–1–0009)and subcontracted to the University of California Berkeley。
文摘The microscopic Bouligand-type architectures of fish scales demonstrate a notable efficiency in enhancing the damage tolerance of materials;nevertheless,it is challenging to reproduce in metals.Here bioinspired tungsten-copper composites with different Bouligand-type architectures mimicking fish scales were fabricated by infiltrating a copper melt into woven contextures of tungsten fibers.These composites exhibit a synergetic enhancement in both strength and ductility at room temperature along with an improved resistance to high-temperature oxidization.The strengths were interpreted by adapting the classical laminate theory to incorporate the characteristics of Bouligand-type architectures.In particular,under load the tungsten fibers can reorient adaptively within the copper matrix by their straightening,stretching,interfacial sliding with the matrix,and the cooperative kinking deformation of fiber grids,representing a successful implementation of the optimizing mechanisms of the Bouligand-type architectures to enhance strength and toughness.This study may serve to promote the development of new high-performance tungsten-copper composites for applications,e.g.,as electrical contacts or heat sinks,and offer a viable approach for constructing bioinspired architectures in metallic materials.
基金The COVID-19 Prompt Response Research Special Project from Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Grant/Award Numbers:2020kfyXGYJ113,2020kfyXGYJ023The special fund for novel coronavirus pneumonia from the Science and Technology Department,Hubei province,Grant/Award Number:2020FCA035The Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2017060201010161。
文摘The exponential spread of COVID-19 worldwide is evident,with devastating outbreaks primarily in the United States,Spain,Italy,the United Kingdom,France,Germany,Turkey and Russia.As of 1 May 2020,a total of 3,308,386 confirmed cases have been reported worldwide,with an accumulative mortality of 233,093.Due to the complexity and uncertainty of the pathology of COVID-19,it is not easy for front-line doctors to categorise severity levels of clinical COVID-19 that are general and severe/critical cases,with consistency.The more than 300 laboratory features,coupled with underlying disease,all combine to complicate proper and rapid patient diagnosis.However,such screening is necessary for early triage,diagnosis,assignment of appropriate level of care facility,and institution of timely intervention.A machine learning analysis was carried out with confirmed COVID-19 patient data from 10 January to 18 February 2020,who were admitted to Tongji Hospital,in Wuhan,China.A softmax neural network-based machine learning model was established to categorise patient severity levels.According to the analysis of 2662 cases using clinical and laboratory data,the present model can be used to reveal the top 30 of more than 300 laboratory features,yielding 86.30%blind test accuracy,0.8195 F1-score,and 100%consistency using a two-way patient classification of severe/critical to general.For severe/critical cases,F1-score is 0.9081(i.e.recall is 0.9050,and precision is 0.9113).This model for classification can be accomplished at a mini-second-level computational cost(in contrast to minute-level manual).Based on available COVID-19 patient diagnosis and therapy,an artificial intelligence model paradigm can help doctors quickly classify patients with a high degree of accuracy and 100%consistency to significantly improve diagnostic and classification efficiency.The discovered top 30 laboratory features can be used for greater differentiation to serve as an essential supplement to current guidelines,thus creating a more comprehensive assessment of COVID-19 cases during the early stages of infection.Such early differentiation will help the assignment of the appropriate level of care for individual patients.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1508220)Liaoning DistinguishedProfessor Project for Qing Li(2017,China)Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Innovative Research Team.
文摘Schisandra chinensis,a widely used Chinese herbal medicine,was considered as central nervous system(CNS)drug for years.Both ethanol extracts(EES)and water extracts(WES)of it were applied clinically.Unfortunately,the difference of their efficacy and even effective material foundation of S.chinensis remains obscure.In this study,to explore the active constituents of S.chinensis,we compared pharmacodynamics and chemical profiles in vitrolin vivo of EES/WES for the first time using multiple chemical analysis,pharmacological and data processing approaches.It was proved that there was no significant difference in the anti-depressive effects between WES and EES.However,the contents of most components in vitro and in plasma were higher in EES than those in WES,which was unconvincing for their similar efficacy.Therefore,we further explored components of S.chinensis targeted onto brain and the results showed that 5 lignans were identified with definite absorptivity respectively both in EES and WES caused by the limitation of blood-brain barrier.Moreover,bioinformatic analysis predicted their anti-depressive action.Above all,the systematic strategy screened 5 brain-targeted effective substances of S.chinensis and it was suggested that exploring the components into nidi would promote the studies on herbs effective material basis.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant numbers 71901027the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2019M660509+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Beijing Forestry Unlversity(BLX201829)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Nos.71661167009 and 71711530714NSFC/Research Grants Council under Grant No.3-RAA7.
文摘In this paper,we consider the strategic interaction between the normal and sharp traders in a dynamic limit-order security market and its impact on the Chinese security market at different market volatility levels.We find that when the proportion of sharp traders is less than a threshold in an orderdriven market,the sharp traders who submit limit orders will get more returns than the normal traders.The participation of sharp traders in the market can increase the total social welfare of all the traders.In addition,we show that:(1)when the market volatility level is generally low,the short-term sharp traders benefit from larger volatility;(2)when the market volatility level is generally high,the insider/cheating sharp traders with high-frequent trading rather than the short-term sharp traders benefit from extreme high volatility;(3)when the market volatility level is moderate,the sharp traders can increase market liquidity.
基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2019M661247 and 2020T130091)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.LBH-Z19047)+1 种基金Program for Overseas Talents Introduction of Northeast Petroleum University(No.15041260303)Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars of Heilongjiang Province of China(No.719900091).
文摘Tuning the electronic properties of single atom catalysts(SACs)between the central metal and the neighboring surface atoms has emerged as an efficient strategy to boost catalytic efficiency and metal utilization.Here we describe a simple and efficient approach to create atomically dispersed palladium atoms supported over defect-containing porous ceria nanorod containing palladium up to 0.26 wt.%.The existence of singly dispersed palladium atoms is confirmed by spherical aberration correction electron microscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements.This catalyst shows excellent efficiency in hydrodehalogenation reactions at low H2 pressure under mild conditions,along with satisfactory recyclability and scalability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the high activity stems from the spatial isolation of palladium atoms and the modified electronic structure of palladium confined in defect-containing ceria nanorod.This work may lay the foundation for the facile creation of single atom catalysts within the synthetic community and shed light on the possibility for scale-up production.
基金We acknowledge the financial support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2019M661247 and 2020T130091)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.LBH-Z19047)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars of Heilongjiang Province of China(No.719900091)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0403403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21872131).
文摘Atomically dispersed single atom catalysts represent an ideal means of converting less valuable organics into value-added chemicals of interest with high efficiency.Herein,we describe a facile synthetic approach to create defect-containingβ-FeOOH doped with isolated palladium atoms that bond covalently to the nearby oxygen and iron atoms.The presence of singly dispersed palladium atoms is confirmed by spherical aberration correction electron microscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements.This single palladium atom catalyst manifests outstanding catalytic efficiency(conversion:99%;selectivity 99%;turnover frequency:2,440 h^(-1))in the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to afford hydrocinnamaldehyde.Experimental measurements and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the high catalytic activity and the strong metal-support interaction stem from the unique coordination environment of the isolated palladium atoms.These findings may pave the way for the facile construction of single atom catalysts in a defect-mediated strategy for efficient organic transformations in heterogeneous catalysis.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0710404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173269 and 51871216)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CASand Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program。
