Three pumpkin species Cucurbita maxima,C.moschata,and C.pepo are commonly cultivated worldwide.To identify genome-wide SNPs in these cultivated pumpkin species,we collected 48 F1 cultivars consisting of 40 intraspecif...Three pumpkin species Cucurbita maxima,C.moschata,and C.pepo are commonly cultivated worldwide.To identify genome-wide SNPs in these cultivated pumpkin species,we collected 48 F1 cultivars consisting of 40 intraspecific hybrids(15 C.maxima,18 C.moschata,and 7 C.pepo)and 8 interspecific hybrids(C.maxima x C.moschata).Genotyping by sequencing identified a total of 37,869 confident SNPs in this collection.These SNPs were filtered to generate a subset of 400 SNPs based on polymorphism and genome distribution.Of the 400 SNPs,288 were used to genotype an additional 188 accessions(94 F1 cultivars,50 breeding lines,and 44 landraces)with a SNP array-based platform.Reliable polymorphisms were observed in 224 SNPs(78.0%)and were used to assess genetic variations between and within the four predefined populations in 223 cultivated pumpkin accessions.Both principal component analysis and UPGMA clustering found four major clusters representing three pumpkin species and interspecific hybrids.This genetic differentiation was supported by pairwise Fst and Nei’s genetic distance.The interspecific hybrids showed a higher level of genetic diversity relative to the other three populations.Of the 224 SNPs,five subsets of 192,96,48,24,and 12 markers were evaluated for variety identification.The 192,96,and 48 marker sets identified 204(91.5%),190(85.2%),and 141(63.2%)of the 223 accessions,respectively,while other subsets showed<25%of variety identification rates.These SNP markers provide a molecular tool with many applications for genetics and breeding in cultivated pumpkin.展开更多
This paper presents design and simulation of a switchable radiative cooler that exploits phase transition in vanadium di-oxide to turn on and off in response to temperature.The cooler consists of an emitter and a sola...This paper presents design and simulation of a switchable radiative cooler that exploits phase transition in vanadium di-oxide to turn on and off in response to temperature.The cooler consists of an emitter and a solar reflector separated by a spacer.The emitter and the reflector play a role of emitting energy in mid-infrared and blocking incoming solar energy in ultraviolet to near-infrared regime,respectively.Because of the phase transition of doped vanadium dioxide at room tem-perature,the emitter radiates its thermal energy only when the temperature is above the phase transition temperature.The feasibility of cooling is simulated using real outdoor conditions.We confirme that the switchable cooler can keep a desired temperature,despite change in environmental conditions.展开更多
Genome-wide association study(GWAS)is effective in identifying favorable alleles for traits of interest with high mapping resolution in crop species.In this study,we conducted GWAS to explore quantitative trait loci(Q...Genome-wide association study(GWAS)is effective in identifying favorable alleles for traits of interest with high mapping resolution in crop species.In this study,we conducted GWAS to explore quantitative trait loci(QTL)for eight fruit traits using 162 tomato accessions with diverse genetic backgrounds.The eight traits included fruit weight,fruit width,fruit height,fruit shape index,pericarp thickness,locule number,fruit firmness,and brix.Phenotypic variations of these traits in the tomato collection were evaluated with three replicates in field trials over three years.We filtered 34,550 confident SNPs from the 51K Axiom®tomato array based on<10%of missing data and>5%of minor allele frequency for association analysis.The 162 tomato accessions were divided into seven clusters and their membership coefficients were used to account for population structure along with a kinship matrix.To identify marker-trait associations(MTAs),four phenotypic data sets representing each of three years and combined were independently analyzed in the multilocus mixed model(MLMM).A total of 30 significant MTAs was detected over data sets for eight fruit traits at P<0.0005.The number of MTA per trait ranged from one(brix)to seven(fruit weight and fruit width).Two SNP markers on chromosomes 1 and 2 were significantly associated with multiple traits,suggesting pleiotropic effects of QTL.Furthermore,16 of 30 MTAs suggest potential novel QTL for eight fruit traits.These results facilitate genetic dissection of tomato fruit traits and provide a useful resource to develop molecular tools for improving fruit traits via marker-assisted selection and genomic selection in tomato breeding programs.展开更多
Over the past decade,topology has emerged as a major branch in broad areas of physics,from atomic lattices to condensed matter.In particular,topology has received significant attention in photonics because light waves...Over the past decade,topology has emerged as a major branch in broad areas of physics,from atomic lattices to condensed matter.In particular,topology has received significant attention in photonics because light waves can serve as a platform to investigate nontrivial bulk and edge physics with the aid of carefully engineered photonic crystals and metamaterials.Simultaneously,photonics provides enriched physics that arises from spin-1 vectorial electromagnetic fields.Here,we review recent progress in the growing field of topological photonics in three parts.The first part is dedicated to the basics of topological band theory and introduces various two-dimensional topological phases.The second part reviews three-dimensional topological phases and numerous approaches to achieve them in photonics.Last,we present recently emerging fields in topological photonics that have not yet been reviewed.This part includes topological degeneracies in nonzero dimensions,unidirectional Maxwellian spin waves,higher-order photonic topological phases,and stacking of photonic crystals to attain layer pseudospin.In addition to the various approaches for realizing photonic topological phases,we also discuss the interaction between light and topological matter and the efforts towards practical applications of topological photonics.展开更多
Chirality arises universally across many different fields.Recent advancements in artificial nanomaterials have demonstrated chiroptical responses that far exceed those found in natural materials.Chiroptical phenomena ...Chirality arises universally across many different fields.Recent advancements in artificial nanomaterials have demonstrated chiroptical responses that far exceed those found in natural materials.Chiroptical phenomena are complicated processes that involve transitions between states with opposite parities,and solid interpretations of these observations are yet to be clearly provided.In this review,we present a comprehensive overview of the theoretical aspects of chirality in light,nanostructures,and nanosystems and their chiroptical interactions.Descriptions of observed chiroptical phenomena based on these fundamentals are intensively discussed.We start with the strong intrinsic and extrinsic chirality in plasmonic nanoparticle systems,followed by enantioselective sensing and optical manipulation,and then conclude with orbital angular momentum-dependent responses.This review will be helpful for understanding the mechanisms behind chiroptical phenomena based on underlying chiral properties and useful for interpreting chiroptical systems for further studies.展开更多
Broadband perfect absorbers have been intensively researched for decades because of their near-perfect absorption optical property that can be applied to diverse applications. Unfortunately, achieving large-scale and ...Broadband perfect absorbers have been intensively researched for decades because of their near-perfect absorption optical property that can be applied to diverse applications. Unfortunately, achieving large-scale and heat-tolerant absorbers has been remained challenging work because of costly and time-consuming lithography methods and thermolability of materials, respectively. Here, we demonstrate a thermally robust titanium nitride broadband absorber with >95% absorption efficiency in the visible and near-infrared region (400–900 nm). A relatively large-scale (2.5 cm × 2.5 cm) absorber device is fabricated by using a fabrication technique of multiple-patterning colloidal lithography. The optical properties of the absorber are still maintained even after heating at the temperatures >600 ∘C. Such a large-scale, heat-tolerant, and broadband near-perfect absorber will provide further useful applications in solar thermophotovoltaics, stealth, and absorption controlling in high-temperature conditions.展开更多
Optical metamaterials have presented an innovative method of manipulating light.Hyperbolic metamaterials have an extremely high anisotropy with a hyperbolic dispersion relation.They are able to support high-k modes an...Optical metamaterials have presented an innovative method of manipulating light.Hyperbolic metamaterials have an extremely high anisotropy with a hyperbolic dispersion relation.They are able to support high-k modes and exhibit a high density of states which produce distinctive properties that have been exploited in various applications,such as super-resolution imaging,negative refraction,and enhanced emission control.Here,state-of-the-art hyperbolic metamaterials are reviewed,starting from the fundamental principles to applications of artificially structured hyperbolic media to suggest ways to fuse natural two-dimensional hyperbolic materials.The review concludes by indicating the current challenges and our vision for future applications of hyperbolic metamaterials.展开更多
基金supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food,Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries(IPET)through the Agri-Bioindustry Technology Development Program funded by the Ministry of Agriculture,Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA)(No.317011-04-3-HD030)to S.S.
文摘Three pumpkin species Cucurbita maxima,C.moschata,and C.pepo are commonly cultivated worldwide.To identify genome-wide SNPs in these cultivated pumpkin species,we collected 48 F1 cultivars consisting of 40 intraspecific hybrids(15 C.maxima,18 C.moschata,and 7 C.pepo)and 8 interspecific hybrids(C.maxima x C.moschata).Genotyping by sequencing identified a total of 37,869 confident SNPs in this collection.These SNPs were filtered to generate a subset of 400 SNPs based on polymorphism and genome distribution.Of the 400 SNPs,288 were used to genotype an additional 188 accessions(94 F1 cultivars,50 breeding lines,and 44 landraces)with a SNP array-based platform.Reliable polymorphisms were observed in 224 SNPs(78.0%)and were used to assess genetic variations between and within the four predefined populations in 223 cultivated pumpkin accessions.Both principal component analysis and UPGMA clustering found four major clusters representing three pumpkin species and interspecific hybrids.This genetic differentiation was supported by pairwise Fst and Nei’s genetic distance.The interspecific hybrids showed a higher level of genetic diversity relative to the other three populations.Of the 224 SNPs,five subsets of 192,96,48,24,and 12 markers were evaluated for variety identification.The 192,96,and 48 marker sets identified 204(91.5%),190(85.2%),and 141(63.2%)of the 223 accessions,respectively,while other subsets showed<25%of variety identification rates.These SNP markers provide a molecular tool with many applications for genetics and breeding in cultivated pumpkin.
基金financially supported by the Green Science program funded by POSCOthe National Research Foundation(NRF)grants(NRF2019R1A2C3003129,CAMM-2019M3A6B3030637,NRF-2019R1A5A8080290,and NRF-2018M3D1A1058997)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT,Republic of Korea+2 种基金the Global Ph.D.fellowship(NRF-2017H1A2A1043204)from the Ministry of Education,Republic of Koreathe PIURI fellowship funded by POSTECHa fellowship from Hyundai Motor Chung Mong-Koo Foundation。
文摘This paper presents design and simulation of a switchable radiative cooler that exploits phase transition in vanadium di-oxide to turn on and off in response to temperature.The cooler consists of an emitter and a solar reflector separated by a spacer.The emitter and the reflector play a role of emitting energy in mid-infrared and blocking incoming solar energy in ultraviolet to near-infrared regime,respectively.Because of the phase transition of doped vanadium dioxide at room tem-perature,the emitter radiates its thermal energy only when the temperature is above the phase transition temperature.The feasibility of cooling is simulated using real outdoor conditions.We confirme that the switchable cooler can keep a desired temperature,despite change in environmental conditions.
基金This work was carried out with the support of Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(Project No.PJ0158982021)the Next-Generation BioGreen21 Program(Project No.PJ0131142020)Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea.
文摘Genome-wide association study(GWAS)is effective in identifying favorable alleles for traits of interest with high mapping resolution in crop species.In this study,we conducted GWAS to explore quantitative trait loci(QTL)for eight fruit traits using 162 tomato accessions with diverse genetic backgrounds.The eight traits included fruit weight,fruit width,fruit height,fruit shape index,pericarp thickness,locule number,fruit firmness,and brix.Phenotypic variations of these traits in the tomato collection were evaluated with three replicates in field trials over three years.We filtered 34,550 confident SNPs from the 51K Axiom®tomato array based on<10%of missing data and>5%of minor allele frequency for association analysis.The 162 tomato accessions were divided into seven clusters and their membership coefficients were used to account for population structure along with a kinship matrix.To identify marker-trait associations(MTAs),four phenotypic data sets representing each of three years and combined were independently analyzed in the multilocus mixed model(MLMM).A total of 30 significant MTAs was detected over data sets for eight fruit traits at P<0.0005.The number of MTA per trait ranged from one(brix)to seven(fruit weight and fruit width).Two SNP markers on chromosomes 1 and 2 were significantly associated with multiple traits,suggesting pleiotropic effects of QTL.Furthermore,16 of 30 MTAs suggest potential novel QTL for eight fruit traits.These results facilitate genetic dissection of tomato fruit traits and provide a useful resource to develop molecular tools for improving fruit traits via marker-assisted selection and genomic selection in tomato breeding programs.
基金financially supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)grants(NRF-2019R1A2C3003129,CAMM-2019M3A6B3030637,NRF-2019R1A5A8080290,NRF-2018M3D1A1058997)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)of the Korean governmentthe Global Ph.D.fellowship(NRF-2017H1A2A1043204)funded by the Ministry of Education of the Korean government.
文摘Over the past decade,topology has emerged as a major branch in broad areas of physics,from atomic lattices to condensed matter.In particular,topology has received significant attention in photonics because light waves can serve as a platform to investigate nontrivial bulk and edge physics with the aid of carefully engineered photonic crystals and metamaterials.Simultaneously,photonics provides enriched physics that arises from spin-1 vectorial electromagnetic fields.Here,we review recent progress in the growing field of topological photonics in three parts.The first part is dedicated to the basics of topological band theory and introduces various two-dimensional topological phases.The second part reviews three-dimensional topological phases and numerous approaches to achieve them in photonics.Last,we present recently emerging fields in topological photonics that have not yet been reviewed.This part includes topological degeneracies in nonzero dimensions,unidirectional Maxwellian spin waves,higher-order photonic topological phases,and stacking of photonic crystals to attain layer pseudospin.In addition to the various approaches for realizing photonic topological phases,we also discuss the interaction between light and topological matter and the efforts towards practical applications of topological photonics.
基金financially supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)grants(NRF-2019R1A2C3003129,CAMM-2019M3A6B3030637,NRF-2019R1A5A8080290,NRF-2018M3D1A1058997)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT of the Korean government+2 种基金the Global Ph.D.fellowship(NRF-2017H1A2A1043204)funded by the Ministrty of Education of the Korean governmenta fellowship from the Hyundai Motor Chung Mong-Koo Foundation.
文摘Chirality arises universally across many different fields.Recent advancements in artificial nanomaterials have demonstrated chiroptical responses that far exceed those found in natural materials.Chiroptical phenomena are complicated processes that involve transitions between states with opposite parities,and solid interpretations of these observations are yet to be clearly provided.In this review,we present a comprehensive overview of the theoretical aspects of chirality in light,nanostructures,and nanosystems and their chiroptical interactions.Descriptions of observed chiroptical phenomena based on these fundamentals are intensively discussed.We start with the strong intrinsic and extrinsic chirality in plasmonic nanoparticle systems,followed by enantioselective sensing and optical manipulation,and then conclude with orbital angular momentum-dependent responses.This review will be helpful for understanding the mechanisms behind chiroptical phenomena based on underlying chiral properties and useful for interpreting chiroptical systems for further studies.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)grants(NRF-2019R1A2C3003129,CAMM-2019M3A6B3030637,NRF-2019R1A5A8080290,NRF-2018M3D1A1058997)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)Republic of Korea.J.K.K.acknowledges the National Creative Research Initiative Program(NRF-2013R1A3A2042196)funded by the NRF-MSITRepublic of Korea.M.K.acknowledges the NRF Global Ph.D.fellowship(NRF-2017H1A2A1043204)funded by the Ministry of Education,Republic of Korea.
文摘Broadband perfect absorbers have been intensively researched for decades because of their near-perfect absorption optical property that can be applied to diverse applications. Unfortunately, achieving large-scale and heat-tolerant absorbers has been remained challenging work because of costly and time-consuming lithography methods and thermolability of materials, respectively. Here, we demonstrate a thermally robust titanium nitride broadband absorber with >95% absorption efficiency in the visible and near-infrared region (400–900 nm). A relatively large-scale (2.5 cm × 2.5 cm) absorber device is fabricated by using a fabrication technique of multiple-patterning colloidal lithography. The optical properties of the absorber are still maintained even after heating at the temperatures >600 ∘C. Such a large-scale, heat-tolerant, and broadband near-perfect absorber will provide further useful applications in solar thermophotovoltaics, stealth, and absorption controlling in high-temperature conditions.
基金POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center program funded by POSCOPOSTECH-Samsung Semiconductor Research Center(IO201215-08187-01)funded by Samsung ElectronicsNational Research Foundation(NRF)grant(NRF-2019R1A2C3003129)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT,Republic of Korea.
文摘Optical metamaterials have presented an innovative method of manipulating light.Hyperbolic metamaterials have an extremely high anisotropy with a hyperbolic dispersion relation.They are able to support high-k modes and exhibit a high density of states which produce distinctive properties that have been exploited in various applications,such as super-resolution imaging,negative refraction,and enhanced emission control.Here,state-of-the-art hyperbolic metamaterials are reviewed,starting from the fundamental principles to applications of artificially structured hyperbolic media to suggest ways to fuse natural two-dimensional hyperbolic materials.The review concludes by indicating the current challenges and our vision for future applications of hyperbolic metamaterials.
