Millions of cataract surgeries with intraocular lens(IOL) implantation are performed worldwide. Although cataract surgery brings many benefits to the patients, the risk of various complications is still a concern. One...Millions of cataract surgeries with intraocular lens(IOL) implantation are performed worldwide. Although cataract surgery brings many benefits to the patients, the risk of various complications is still a concern. One of the infrequent adverse events but potentially affecting on patients’ visual acuity and contrast sensitivity is losing the transparency of IOL. IOL opacification may lead to IOL removal or exchange, which is unpleasant to both the patient and the surgeon. Several reports of acute IOL clouding are available in the literature describing various etiologies of this phenomenon, however, the exact mechanism remained unclear in some cases. Herein, we aimed to review the causes and outcomes of intraoperative and early postoperative IOL opacification.展开更多
Fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs and consequently optimum scenario for hydrocarbon production,is heavily influenced by reservoir heterogeneities.Faults are one of the most common types of heterogeneity found in re...Fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs and consequently optimum scenario for hydrocarbon production,is heavily influenced by reservoir heterogeneities.Faults are one of the most common types of heterogeneity found in reservoirs.Leaky faults,baffles(limited extent faults)and complex multiple fault geometries are among the most complicated and important types of faults that are difficult to characterize.Leaky faults,unlike the sealing faults,are in partial communication with other portions of the reservoir.Because of faults'effect on reservoir connectivity and possible infill drilling plan for accessing all parts of the reservoirs,possible communication across the fault must be precisely modeled.In order to detect the effect of a fault on communication within the reservoir,we need to analyze dynamic data.There are a few analytical methods for modelling partially communicating faults,however,these methods may not be accurate enough and may be limited in application,especially in complex situations.Numerical methods(i.e.finite difference or finite element)are also not computationally economical when a large number of grid blocks are simulated.In the current work,the Fast Marching Method(FMM)is applied to effectively mimic fluid flow in the heterogeneous areas,such as complex faults.It is shown that FMM can capture the effect of different fault configurations on the bottom hole pressure and is also able to capture different linear,radial and spherical flows.展开更多
文摘Millions of cataract surgeries with intraocular lens(IOL) implantation are performed worldwide. Although cataract surgery brings many benefits to the patients, the risk of various complications is still a concern. One of the infrequent adverse events but potentially affecting on patients’ visual acuity and contrast sensitivity is losing the transparency of IOL. IOL opacification may lead to IOL removal or exchange, which is unpleasant to both the patient and the surgeon. Several reports of acute IOL clouding are available in the literature describing various etiologies of this phenomenon, however, the exact mechanism remained unclear in some cases. Herein, we aimed to review the causes and outcomes of intraoperative and early postoperative IOL opacification.
文摘Fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs and consequently optimum scenario for hydrocarbon production,is heavily influenced by reservoir heterogeneities.Faults are one of the most common types of heterogeneity found in reservoirs.Leaky faults,baffles(limited extent faults)and complex multiple fault geometries are among the most complicated and important types of faults that are difficult to characterize.Leaky faults,unlike the sealing faults,are in partial communication with other portions of the reservoir.Because of faults'effect on reservoir connectivity and possible infill drilling plan for accessing all parts of the reservoirs,possible communication across the fault must be precisely modeled.In order to detect the effect of a fault on communication within the reservoir,we need to analyze dynamic data.There are a few analytical methods for modelling partially communicating faults,however,these methods may not be accurate enough and may be limited in application,especially in complex situations.Numerical methods(i.e.finite difference or finite element)are also not computationally economical when a large number of grid blocks are simulated.In the current work,the Fast Marching Method(FMM)is applied to effectively mimic fluid flow in the heterogeneous areas,such as complex faults.It is shown that FMM can capture the effect of different fault configurations on the bottom hole pressure and is also able to capture different linear,radial and spherical flows.
