smallholders in most of Sub-Saharan Africa.These impacts have been more enormous to crop production and other attached livelihoods.However,the comprehensive assessment of these impacts has suffered numerous challenges...smallholders in most of Sub-Saharan Africa.These impacts have been more enormous to crop production and other attached livelihoods.However,the comprehensive assessment of these impacts has suffered numerous challenges because crop productivity is also susceptible to other factors involved in the production process.This study aimed to understand how crop yields are affected by climate change in the semiarid zone of Tanzania.The findings would establish a thorough literature within smallholder adaptation in the area.Furthermore,they will intensify strategies to cope with reduced yields attributed by climate-change impacts.Outcomes:There has been a dramatic decrease in rainfall(R^(2)=0.21)and increase in temperature(R^(2)=0.30).In addition,we found that rainfall and temperature variability had positive(R^(2)~0.5)and negative(R^(2)~0.3)correlations with crop yields,respectively.Discussion:The decline in yields at both local and national levels elevated the magnitude of food shortage and poverty.The increasing climate impacts necessitate undertakings of various studies to plan,design,recommend,and implement various useful adaptation measures,especially in the vulnerable communities.Conclusion:To limit climate effects,we need to increase investments in adaptation and mitigation measures.展开更多
Introduction:To estimate differential accumulation of soil organic carbon(SOC)and its ecological significance is very important to smallholder farmers in the Tanzania's semiarid areas.This study investigated the a...Introduction:To estimate differential accumulation of soil organic carbon(SOC)and its ecological significance is very important to smallholder farmers in the Tanzania's semiarid areas.This study investigated the accumulation of SOC and other important soil nutrients under organic and no-ferti lizations,and correlated SOC with crop yields.Using data from long-term experimental study sites of semiarid in Tanzania,we estimated SOC accumulation in different soil treatments and depths where a total of 128 soil samples were collected at the depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm from two villages(sites)with organic ferilization and no-ferilization treatments.Sites under organic fertilization were defined as those which have received manure fertilization for more than 5 years on continuum basis.Outcomes:The accumulation of SOC was significantly greater in soils under organic fertiliza-tions(1.15 and 0.80 MgC ha-'at soil depth and 20-40 cm)and decreased with increa sing soil depths.Similarly,TN and P decreased from 0.40 and 2.40 Mg(0-20 cm)to 0.16 and 2.10 Mg(20-40 cm),respectively.Other important soil nutrients such as calcium(Ca^(2+)),potassium(K^(+)),magnesium(Mg^(2+)),and sodium(Na^(+))had similar patterm.In addition,soil bulk density was less under organic fertilization(1.1 g/cm^(3))than under no fertilization(1.2 g/cm^(3))and it increased with soil depths.Correspondingly,the crop yields were significantly higher(1.6 tn ha^(-1))under organic friliations than(0.6 tn ha^(-1))under no-fertilizations indicating that crop yields were significantly affected by SOC.Discussion:Organic fertilization i.e.,especially cattle manure in the area has considerable fertility potential.To optimize soil fertility potential,we need to consider such kind of ferilization from household to national level.Conclusion:Our results demonstrated that manure application was the best ferilization method for improving soil fertility in most croplands of Tanzania's semiarid areas,especially in this era of climate change scenarios.展开更多
基金We are indebted to the Chinese Govemment Scholarship(CSC)for providing a scholarship to Mr.Msafri Y.Mkonda.We also wish to thank the research assi stants who were involved in data collection.The study was funded by the College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University and Chongqing Municipal Innovative Talents Program.
文摘smallholders in most of Sub-Saharan Africa.These impacts have been more enormous to crop production and other attached livelihoods.However,the comprehensive assessment of these impacts has suffered numerous challenges because crop productivity is also susceptible to other factors involved in the production process.This study aimed to understand how crop yields are affected by climate change in the semiarid zone of Tanzania.The findings would establish a thorough literature within smallholder adaptation in the area.Furthermore,they will intensify strategies to cope with reduced yields attributed by climate-change impacts.Outcomes:There has been a dramatic decrease in rainfall(R^(2)=0.21)and increase in temperature(R^(2)=0.30).In addition,we found that rainfall and temperature variability had positive(R^(2)~0.5)and negative(R^(2)~0.3)correlations with crop yields,respectively.Discussion:The decline in yields at both local and national levels elevated the magnitude of food shortage and poverty.The increasing climate impacts necessitate undertakings of various studies to plan,design,recommend,and implement various useful adaptation measures,especially in the vulnerable communities.Conclusion:To limit climate effects,we need to increase investments in adaptation and mitigation measures.
基金This study is supported by a China Scholar Council International Ph.D.Program and the 2015 Chongqing 100 Talents Program at the Southwest University in Beibei,Chongqing.China.Further,we convey our grati-tude and thanks to research assistants in the study area and laboratory technicians for soil analyses.
文摘Introduction:To estimate differential accumulation of soil organic carbon(SOC)and its ecological significance is very important to smallholder farmers in the Tanzania's semiarid areas.This study investigated the accumulation of SOC and other important soil nutrients under organic and no-ferti lizations,and correlated SOC with crop yields.Using data from long-term experimental study sites of semiarid in Tanzania,we estimated SOC accumulation in different soil treatments and depths where a total of 128 soil samples were collected at the depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm from two villages(sites)with organic ferilization and no-ferilization treatments.Sites under organic fertilization were defined as those which have received manure fertilization for more than 5 years on continuum basis.Outcomes:The accumulation of SOC was significantly greater in soils under organic fertiliza-tions(1.15 and 0.80 MgC ha-'at soil depth and 20-40 cm)and decreased with increa sing soil depths.Similarly,TN and P decreased from 0.40 and 2.40 Mg(0-20 cm)to 0.16 and 2.10 Mg(20-40 cm),respectively.Other important soil nutrients such as calcium(Ca^(2+)),potassium(K^(+)),magnesium(Mg^(2+)),and sodium(Na^(+))had similar patterm.In addition,soil bulk density was less under organic fertilization(1.1 g/cm^(3))than under no fertilization(1.2 g/cm^(3))and it increased with soil depths.Correspondingly,the crop yields were significantly higher(1.6 tn ha^(-1))under organic friliations than(0.6 tn ha^(-1))under no-fertilizations indicating that crop yields were significantly affected by SOC.Discussion:Organic fertilization i.e.,especially cattle manure in the area has considerable fertility potential.To optimize soil fertility potential,we need to consider such kind of ferilization from household to national level.Conclusion:Our results demonstrated that manure application was the best ferilization method for improving soil fertility in most croplands of Tanzania's semiarid areas,especially in this era of climate change scenarios.
