Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever(CCHF)virus belongs to the genus Nairovirus and family Bunyaviridae.CCHF is a tickborne disease that has mostly been reported from Asia,Africa and Europe.Early diagnosis of CCHF is essen...Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever(CCHF)virus belongs to the genus Nairovirus and family Bunyaviridae.CCHF is a tickborne disease that has mostly been reported from Asia,Africa and Europe.Early diagnosis of CCHF is essential for patient care and preventing its spread to normal individuals.Treatment of CCHF is mostly limited to the use of ribavirin and palliative care.The practice of using interferon and vaccines has also been proved to be ineffective and unsafe.A search for an effective alternative treatment of the CCHF still continues.Therefore,the current review focusses on the cause,prevalence,mode of transmission,pathophysiology,signs,symptoms,diagnostic features and treatment options of CCHF.This review also highlights the possible alternative therapy in the form of antiviral medicinal plants which are effective against viral hemorrhagic fever.These medicinal plants have shown convincing evidence for their activities against different viral hemorrhagic fevers and may be used alone or in combination with existing therapies to achieve an optimum therapeutic response.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of leaf extracts of Tylophora hirsuta(T.hirsuta).Methods:The methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of T.hirsuta leaves were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatogra...Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of leaf extracts of Tylophora hirsuta(T.hirsuta).Methods:The methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of T.hirsuta leaves were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography.In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by ferric ion reduction,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,and hydrogen peroxide scavenging methods.In vitro alpha amylase(α-amylase)inhibitory activity of the plant extracts was assessed.In vivo antidiabetic potential was determined in alloxan-induced diabetic mice to assess glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),oral glucose tolerance,serum amylase,lipid profile,fasting blood glucose,and body weight.Histopathological lesions of the pancreas,liver and kidney were observed.Oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase,catalase and peroxidase were also determined.Results:Quercetin,chlorogenic acid,p-coumaric acid,and m-coumaric acid were found in the plant extracts.The methanolic plant extract exhibited higher in vitro antioxidant activities than the ethyl acetate extract.Moreover,methanolic plant extract exhibited(83.90±1.56)%α-amylase inhibitory activity at 3.2 mg/mL concentration.Animal study showed that the methanolic extract of T.hirsuta improved the levels of fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,serumα-amylase,lipid profile,liver function biomarkers,and kidney functions of diabetic mice.Moreover,the methanolic extract ameliorated diabetes-related oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and decreasing peroxidase and malondialdehyde levels.Histopathological examination showed that the plant extract had improved the integrity of pancreatic islets of Langerhans and reduced the pathological lesions in the liver and kidney of diabetic mice.Conclusions:The methanolic extract of T.hirsuta exhibits pronounced antidiabetic activity in mice through reduction of oxidative stress.The plant extract has several natural antioxidants such as phenolic acids.T.hirsuta extract could serve as a nutraceutical for managing diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the pharmacological potential of Argemone mexicana in treating constipation and emesis by using in vitro and in vivo models.Methods:The spasmogenic and spasmolytic effects were evaluated on is...Objective:To investigate the pharmacological potential of Argemone mexicana in treating constipation and emesis by using in vitro and in vivo models.Methods:The spasmogenic and spasmolytic effects were evaluated on isolated rabbit jejunum fragments loaded in a tissue organ bath.The response was recorded with an isotonic transducer attached with Power Lab Data Acquisition System.The laxative and antiemetic activities were assessed in BALB-c mice and poultry chicks challenged with carbamylcholine and copper sulphate stimulated emesis,respectively.Results:The total phenolic and total flavonoids contents of the extract were(267.75±5.77)mg GAE/g and(73.86±6.01)mg QE/g,respectively.Argemone mexicana extract exerted spasmogenic effect on isolated rabbit jejunum segments with an EC_(50)value of 0.016 mg/m L,which was blocked by atropine(0.3μM).Argemone mexicana extract exerted spasmolytic effect in atropine treated jejunum fragments with an EC_(50)value of 2.185 mg/mL.Furthermore,Argemone mexicana extract relaxed potassium(80 mM)-induced contractions(EC_(50):9.07 mg/mL),similar to a standard drug verapamil.The calcium channel blocker activity was confirmed by a rightward shift of concentration-response curve of calcium in the presence of Argemone mexicana extract(1-5 mg/mL)and verapamil(0.1-1μM).In addition,the extract increased the distance travelled by a charcoal in the gastrointestinal tract and exhibited antiemetic effect on copper sulphate induced emesis in chicks.Conclusions:Argemone mexicana shows cholinergic agonist and calcium channel blocker activities,as well as antiemetic effect.It may be used as a potential agent for treating gastrointestinal disorders.展开更多
DNA-nanotechnology-based nano-architecture scaffolds based on circular strands were designed in the form of DNA-nanowires(DNA-NWs) as a polymer of DNA-triangles. Circularizing a scaffold strand(84-NT) was the critical...DNA-nanotechnology-based nano-architecture scaffolds based on circular strands were designed in the form of DNA-nanowires(DNA-NWs) as a polymer of DNA-triangles. Circularizing a scaffold strand(84-NT) was the critical step followed by annealing with various staple strands to make stiff DNAtriangles. Atomic force microcopy(AFM), native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE), UVanalysis, MTT-assay, flow cytometry, and confocal imaging were performed to assess the formulated DNA-NWs and cisplatin(CPT) loading. The AFM and confocal microscopy images revealed a uniform shape and size distribution of the DNA-NWs, with lengths ranging from 2 to 4 mm and diameters ranging from 150 to 300 nm. One sharp band at the top of the lane(500 bp level) with the loss of electrophoretic mobility during the PAGE(native) gel analysis revealed the successful fabrication of DNA-NWs. The loading efficiency of CPT ranged from 66.85% to 97.35%. MTT and flow cytometry results showed biocompatibility of the blank DNA-NWs even at 95% concentration compared with the CPT-loaded DNANWs. The CPT-loaded DNA-NWs exhibited enhanced apoptosis(22%) compared to the apoptosis(7%)induced by the blank DNA-NWs. The release of CPT from the DNA-NWs was sustained at < 75% for 6 h in the presence of serum, demonstrating suitability for systemic applications. The IC_(50) of CPT@DNA-NWs was reduced to 12.8 nM CPT, as compared with the free CPT solution exhibiting an IC_(50) of 51.2 n M.Confocal imaging revealed the targetability, surface binding, and slow internalization of the DNA-NWs in the scavenger-receptor-rich cancer cell line(HepG2) compared with the control cell line.展开更多
The authors regret to inform that Figs.4,6,and 7 in the original article were wrongly selected.The corrected figures appear below:The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.
Objective: To evaluate acute oral toxicity and anti-arthritic activity of the methanolic extract of Convolvulus arvensis L. leaves.Methods: Safety was assessed by acute oral toxicity(OECD 425) study. Anti-arthritic ac...Objective: To evaluate acute oral toxicity and anti-arthritic activity of the methanolic extract of Convolvulus arvensis L. leaves.Methods: Safety was assessed by acute oral toxicity(OECD 425) study. Anti-arthritic activity was explored by in vitro(inhibition of protein denaturation) and in vivo(Complete Freund’s adjuvantinduced arthritis and carrageenan-induced inflammation) methods. Antioxidant potential was determined by assessing ferric reducing power, DPPH inhibition, and H2O2 scavenging assays. Furthermore, molecular docking was done to check interactions between the plant constituents and cyclooxygenases(COX-1 and COX-2). Quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, and vanillic acid were quantified by HPLC and eight compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. Results: No mortality and abnormality in biochemical parameters were observed in the toxicity study. Histological analysis of vital organs also supported these biochemical results. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the methanolic extract of leaves of Convolvulus arvensis exhibited dose-dependent anti-arthritic and anti-oxidant potential. Molecular docking showed better interactions of plant compounds with cyclooxygenases as compared to standard ibuprofen. Conclusions: Convolvulus arvensis exhibits strong anti-arthritic activity, justifying the traditional use of the herbal drug.展开更多
文摘Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever(CCHF)virus belongs to the genus Nairovirus and family Bunyaviridae.CCHF is a tickborne disease that has mostly been reported from Asia,Africa and Europe.Early diagnosis of CCHF is essential for patient care and preventing its spread to normal individuals.Treatment of CCHF is mostly limited to the use of ribavirin and palliative care.The practice of using interferon and vaccines has also been proved to be ineffective and unsafe.A search for an effective alternative treatment of the CCHF still continues.Therefore,the current review focusses on the cause,prevalence,mode of transmission,pathophysiology,signs,symptoms,diagnostic features and treatment options of CCHF.This review also highlights the possible alternative therapy in the form of antiviral medicinal plants which are effective against viral hemorrhagic fever.These medicinal plants have shown convincing evidence for their activities against different viral hemorrhagic fevers and may be used alone or in combination with existing therapies to achieve an optimum therapeutic response.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic potential of leaf extracts of Tylophora hirsuta(T.hirsuta).Methods:The methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of T.hirsuta leaves were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography.In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by ferric ion reduction,1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,and hydrogen peroxide scavenging methods.In vitro alpha amylase(α-amylase)inhibitory activity of the plant extracts was assessed.In vivo antidiabetic potential was determined in alloxan-induced diabetic mice to assess glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),oral glucose tolerance,serum amylase,lipid profile,fasting blood glucose,and body weight.Histopathological lesions of the pancreas,liver and kidney were observed.Oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase,catalase and peroxidase were also determined.Results:Quercetin,chlorogenic acid,p-coumaric acid,and m-coumaric acid were found in the plant extracts.The methanolic plant extract exhibited higher in vitro antioxidant activities than the ethyl acetate extract.Moreover,methanolic plant extract exhibited(83.90±1.56)%α-amylase inhibitory activity at 3.2 mg/mL concentration.Animal study showed that the methanolic extract of T.hirsuta improved the levels of fasting blood glucose,HbA1c,serumα-amylase,lipid profile,liver function biomarkers,and kidney functions of diabetic mice.Moreover,the methanolic extract ameliorated diabetes-related oxidative stress by increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and decreasing peroxidase and malondialdehyde levels.Histopathological examination showed that the plant extract had improved the integrity of pancreatic islets of Langerhans and reduced the pathological lesions in the liver and kidney of diabetic mice.Conclusions:The methanolic extract of T.hirsuta exhibits pronounced antidiabetic activity in mice through reduction of oxidative stress.The plant extract has several natural antioxidants such as phenolic acids.T.hirsuta extract could serve as a nutraceutical for managing diabetes mellitus.
文摘Objective:To investigate the pharmacological potential of Argemone mexicana in treating constipation and emesis by using in vitro and in vivo models.Methods:The spasmogenic and spasmolytic effects were evaluated on isolated rabbit jejunum fragments loaded in a tissue organ bath.The response was recorded with an isotonic transducer attached with Power Lab Data Acquisition System.The laxative and antiemetic activities were assessed in BALB-c mice and poultry chicks challenged with carbamylcholine and copper sulphate stimulated emesis,respectively.Results:The total phenolic and total flavonoids contents of the extract were(267.75±5.77)mg GAE/g and(73.86±6.01)mg QE/g,respectively.Argemone mexicana extract exerted spasmogenic effect on isolated rabbit jejunum segments with an EC_(50)value of 0.016 mg/m L,which was blocked by atropine(0.3μM).Argemone mexicana extract exerted spasmolytic effect in atropine treated jejunum fragments with an EC_(50)value of 2.185 mg/mL.Furthermore,Argemone mexicana extract relaxed potassium(80 mM)-induced contractions(EC_(50):9.07 mg/mL),similar to a standard drug verapamil.The calcium channel blocker activity was confirmed by a rightward shift of concentration-response curve of calcium in the presence of Argemone mexicana extract(1-5 mg/mL)and verapamil(0.1-1μM).In addition,the extract increased the distance travelled by a charcoal in the gastrointestinal tract and exhibited antiemetic effect on copper sulphate induced emesis in chicks.Conclusions:Argemone mexicana shows cholinergic agonist and calcium channel blocker activities,as well as antiemetic effect.It may be used as a potential agent for treating gastrointestinal disorders.
基金the State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Chinathe State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, China, for support。
文摘DNA-nanotechnology-based nano-architecture scaffolds based on circular strands were designed in the form of DNA-nanowires(DNA-NWs) as a polymer of DNA-triangles. Circularizing a scaffold strand(84-NT) was the critical step followed by annealing with various staple strands to make stiff DNAtriangles. Atomic force microcopy(AFM), native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE), UVanalysis, MTT-assay, flow cytometry, and confocal imaging were performed to assess the formulated DNA-NWs and cisplatin(CPT) loading. The AFM and confocal microscopy images revealed a uniform shape and size distribution of the DNA-NWs, with lengths ranging from 2 to 4 mm and diameters ranging from 150 to 300 nm. One sharp band at the top of the lane(500 bp level) with the loss of electrophoretic mobility during the PAGE(native) gel analysis revealed the successful fabrication of DNA-NWs. The loading efficiency of CPT ranged from 66.85% to 97.35%. MTT and flow cytometry results showed biocompatibility of the blank DNA-NWs even at 95% concentration compared with the CPT-loaded DNANWs. The CPT-loaded DNA-NWs exhibited enhanced apoptosis(22%) compared to the apoptosis(7%)induced by the blank DNA-NWs. The release of CPT from the DNA-NWs was sustained at < 75% for 6 h in the presence of serum, demonstrating suitability for systemic applications. The IC_(50) of CPT@DNA-NWs was reduced to 12.8 nM CPT, as compared with the free CPT solution exhibiting an IC_(50) of 51.2 n M.Confocal imaging revealed the targetability, surface binding, and slow internalization of the DNA-NWs in the scavenger-receptor-rich cancer cell line(HepG2) compared with the control cell line.
文摘The authors regret to inform that Figs.4,6,and 7 in the original article were wrongly selected.The corrected figures appear below:The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.
文摘Objective: To evaluate acute oral toxicity and anti-arthritic activity of the methanolic extract of Convolvulus arvensis L. leaves.Methods: Safety was assessed by acute oral toxicity(OECD 425) study. Anti-arthritic activity was explored by in vitro(inhibition of protein denaturation) and in vivo(Complete Freund’s adjuvantinduced arthritis and carrageenan-induced inflammation) methods. Antioxidant potential was determined by assessing ferric reducing power, DPPH inhibition, and H2O2 scavenging assays. Furthermore, molecular docking was done to check interactions between the plant constituents and cyclooxygenases(COX-1 and COX-2). Quercetin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, and vanillic acid were quantified by HPLC and eight compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis. Results: No mortality and abnormality in biochemical parameters were observed in the toxicity study. Histological analysis of vital organs also supported these biochemical results. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the methanolic extract of leaves of Convolvulus arvensis exhibited dose-dependent anti-arthritic and anti-oxidant potential. Molecular docking showed better interactions of plant compounds with cyclooxygenases as compared to standard ibuprofen. Conclusions: Convolvulus arvensis exhibits strong anti-arthritic activity, justifying the traditional use of the herbal drug.
