BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients complicated with portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT)exhibit poor prognoses and treatment responses.AIM To investigate efficacies and safety of the combination of PD-1 inhi...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients complicated with portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT)exhibit poor prognoses and treatment responses.AIM To investigate efficacies and safety of the combination of PD-1 inhibitor,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and Lenvatinib in HCC subjects comorbid with PVTT.METHODS From January 2019 to December 2020,HCC patients with PVTT types Ⅰ-Ⅳ were retrospectively enrolled at Beijing Ditan Hospital.They were distributed to either the PTL or TACE/Lenvatinib(TL)group.The median progression-free survival(mPFS)was set as the primary endpoint,while parameters like median overall survival,objective response rate,disease control rate(DCR),and toxicity level served as secondary endpoints.RESULTS Forty-one eligible patients were finally recruited for this study and divided into the PTL(n=18)and TL(n=23)groups.For a median follow-up of 21.8 months,the DCRs were 88.9%and 60.9%in the PTL and TL groups(P=0.046),res-pectively.Moreover,mPFS indicated significant improvement(HR=0.25;P<0.001)in PTL-treated patients(5.4 months)compared to TL-treated(2.7 months)patients.There were no treatment-related deaths or differences in adverse events in either group.CONCLUSION A triplet regimen of PTL was safe and well-tolerated as well as exhibited favorable efficacy over the TL regimen for advanced-stage HCC patients with PVTT types Ⅰ-Ⅳ.展开更多
Vegetative filter strip (VFS) is a main kind of Best Management Practices for the control of non-point source pollution. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of VFS in Chinese northwest regions. Thr...Vegetative filter strip (VFS) is a main kind of Best Management Practices for the control of non-point source pollution. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of VFS in Chinese northwest regions. Three VFSs with natural grass and Hippophae rhamnoides/grass patterns have been constructed in the bank slope of Xiaohuashan reservoir, Huaxian County, Shannxi Province. The removal effects of VFS and influencing factors have been analyzed based on field experiment data. The result reveals a positive effect on reducing the transportation of suspended solids, phosphorus and nitrogen in surface runoff, and it is more efficient on suspended solids removal. The experiment also shows that most of the suspended particles and pollutants bound to them were entrapped in the first 10 m of VFS. The main factors influencing effectiveness of VFS include vegetation patterns and inflow rate. In addition, inflow pollutant concentration has a larger impact on reducing total nitrogen and total phosphorus by VFS, but the reduction effect on SS has no significant difference.展开更多
We present a set of tools for detecting small-scale solar magnetic cancellations and the disk counterpart of type II spicules(the so-called Rapid Blueshifted Excursions(RBEs)), using line-of-sight photospheric magneto...We present a set of tools for detecting small-scale solar magnetic cancellations and the disk counterpart of type II spicules(the so-called Rapid Blueshifted Excursions(RBEs)), using line-of-sight photospheric magnetograms and chromospheric spectroscopic observations, respectively. For tracking magnetic cancellation,we improve the Southwest Automatic Magnetic Identification Suite(SWAMIS) so that it is able to detect certain obscure cancellations that can be easily missed. For detecting RBEs, we use a normalized reference profile to reduce false-positive detections caused by the non-uniform background and seeing condition. Similar to the magnetic feature tracking in SWAMIS, we apply a dual-threshold method to enhance the accuracy of RBE detection. These tools are employed to analyze our coordinated observations using the Interferometric BIdimensional Spectrometer at the Dunn Solar Telescope of the National Solar Observatory and Hinode. We present the statistical properties of magnetic cancellations and RBEs, and explore their correlation using this data set.展开更多
1 Introduction The minimum dominating tree(MDT)problem was first proposed by Zhang et al.[1]to produce a routing backbone of a WSN.Shin et al.[2]proved that the MDT problem is NP-hard and introduced an approximation f...1 Introduction The minimum dominating tree(MDT)problem was first proposed by Zhang et al.[1]to produce a routing backbone of a WSN.Shin et al.[2]proved that the MDT problem is NP-hard and introduced an approximation framework for solving it.Recent important MDT problem algorithms are the artificial bee colony(ABC_DT)algorithm and ant colony optimization(ACO_DT)algorithm proposed by Sundar and Singh[3],the evolutionary algorithm with guided mutation(EA/G-MP)proposed by Chaurasia and Singh[4],the variable neighborhood search algorithm proposed by Dražićet al.[5],one improved artificial bee colony(ABC_DTP)algorithm proposed by Singh and Sundar[6],and a hybrid algorithm combining genetic algorithm proposed by Hu et al.[7].In this paper,we develop a two-level meta-heuristic(TLMH)for solving the MDT problem,aiming to find a dominating tree with the minimum weight for a given graph.展开更多
This paper proposes the design of a novel DC current flow controller(CFC)and evaluates the control performance of balancing and regulating the DC branch currents using the DC CFC in a meshed multi-terminal HVDC(MTDC)g...This paper proposes the design of a novel DC current flow controller(CFC)and evaluates the control performance of balancing and regulating the DC branch currents using the DC CFC in a meshed multi-terminal HVDC(MTDC)grid.The DC CFC consists of two identical full bridge DC-DC converters with the capacitors of the two converters being connected in parallel.The scalability of the DC CFC is easily achievable due to the identical bridge converter topology;the cost of this DC CFC is also relatively low due to its simple physical structure and low voltage ratings.The control performance of the DC CFC is tested on a meshed 3-terminal(3-T)HVDC grid,which is based on modular multilevel converters(MMC).The DC branch current control in the meshed MTDC grid is achieved using the proposed control strategy of the DC CFC,and is verified through case studies on the real-time digital simulator(RTDS).展开更多
To predict and analyze the municipal solid waste(MSW)pyrolysis and gasification process in an updraft fixed bed more veritably and appropriately,numerical modeling based on Gibbs energy minimization was executed using...To predict and analyze the municipal solid waste(MSW)pyrolysis and gasification process in an updraft fixed bed more veritably and appropriately,numerical modeling based on Gibbs energy minimization was executed using the Aspen plus software.The RYield module was combined with the RGibbs module to describe the pyrolysis section,while the RGibbs module was used for the gasification section individually.The proposed model was used to forecast and analyze the target performance parameters including syngas composition,lower heating value(LHV)and carbon conversion rate under different conditions of the gasification temperatures,and ratios and types of gasifying agents.The results indicate that there is a good agreement between the experimental data and the simulated data obtained using this model.The predicted optimum gasification temperature is approximately 750°C,and the best ratio of water vapor as gasifying agent is around 0.4.The mixture of flue gas and water vapor has an economical and recycled prospect among four commonly used gasifying agents.展开更多
基金The study was reviewed and approved by the Beijing Ditan Hospital,Capital Medical University Institutional Review Board(Approval No.JDLC 2021-003-02).
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients complicated with portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT)exhibit poor prognoses and treatment responses.AIM To investigate efficacies and safety of the combination of PD-1 inhibitor,transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and Lenvatinib in HCC subjects comorbid with PVTT.METHODS From January 2019 to December 2020,HCC patients with PVTT types Ⅰ-Ⅳ were retrospectively enrolled at Beijing Ditan Hospital.They were distributed to either the PTL or TACE/Lenvatinib(TL)group.The median progression-free survival(mPFS)was set as the primary endpoint,while parameters like median overall survival,objective response rate,disease control rate(DCR),and toxicity level served as secondary endpoints.RESULTS Forty-one eligible patients were finally recruited for this study and divided into the PTL(n=18)and TL(n=23)groups.For a median follow-up of 21.8 months,the DCRs were 88.9%and 60.9%in the PTL and TL groups(P=0.046),res-pectively.Moreover,mPFS indicated significant improvement(HR=0.25;P<0.001)in PTL-treated patients(5.4 months)compared to TL-treated(2.7 months)patients.There were no treatment-related deaths or differences in adverse events in either group.CONCLUSION A triplet regimen of PTL was safe and well-tolerated as well as exhibited favorable efficacy over the TL regimen for advanced-stage HCC patients with PVTT types Ⅰ-Ⅳ.
文摘Vegetative filter strip (VFS) is a main kind of Best Management Practices for the control of non-point source pollution. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of VFS in Chinese northwest regions. Three VFSs with natural grass and Hippophae rhamnoides/grass patterns have been constructed in the bank slope of Xiaohuashan reservoir, Huaxian County, Shannxi Province. The removal effects of VFS and influencing factors have been analyzed based on field experiment data. The result reveals a positive effect on reducing the transportation of suspended solids, phosphorus and nitrogen in surface runoff, and it is more efficient on suspended solids removal. The experiment also shows that most of the suspended particles and pollutants bound to them were entrapped in the first 10 m of VFS. The main factors influencing effectiveness of VFS include vegetation patterns and inflow rate. In addition, inflow pollutant concentration has a larger impact on reducing total nitrogen and total phosphorus by VFS, but the reduction effect on SS has no significant difference.
基金supported by NASA under grants NNX11AO70G, NNX13AF76G and NNX14AC12GNSF under grants AGS 1153226, 1250374, 1348513 and 1408703+3 种基金partially supported by NASA grants NNX08AJ06G and NNX11AP03supported through the project "SOLAR-4068" which is implemented under the "ARISTEIA Ⅱ" Action of the operational programme "Education and Lifelong Learning"co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF)National funds
文摘We present a set of tools for detecting small-scale solar magnetic cancellations and the disk counterpart of type II spicules(the so-called Rapid Blueshifted Excursions(RBEs)), using line-of-sight photospheric magnetograms and chromospheric spectroscopic observations, respectively. For tracking magnetic cancellation,we improve the Southwest Automatic Magnetic Identification Suite(SWAMIS) so that it is able to detect certain obscure cancellations that can be easily missed. For detecting RBEs, we use a normalized reference profile to reduce false-positive detections caused by the non-uniform background and seeing condition. Similar to the magnetic feature tracking in SWAMIS, we apply a dual-threshold method to enhance the accuracy of RBE detection. These tools are employed to analyze our coordinated observations using the Interferometric BIdimensional Spectrometer at the Dunn Solar Telescope of the National Solar Observatory and Hinode. We present the statistical properties of magnetic cancellations and RBEs, and explore their correlation using this data set.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61902116,62002105,62201203)the Science and Technology Research Program of Hubei Province(2021BLB171).
文摘1 Introduction The minimum dominating tree(MDT)problem was first proposed by Zhang et al.[1]to produce a routing backbone of a WSN.Shin et al.[2]proved that the MDT problem is NP-hard and introduced an approximation framework for solving it.Recent important MDT problem algorithms are the artificial bee colony(ABC_DT)algorithm and ant colony optimization(ACO_DT)algorithm proposed by Sundar and Singh[3],the evolutionary algorithm with guided mutation(EA/G-MP)proposed by Chaurasia and Singh[4],the variable neighborhood search algorithm proposed by Dražićet al.[5],one improved artificial bee colony(ABC_DTP)algorithm proposed by Singh and Sundar[6],and a hybrid algorithm combining genetic algorithm proposed by Hu et al.[7].In this paper,we develop a two-level meta-heuristic(TLMH)for solving the MDT problem,aiming to find a dominating tree with the minimum weight for a given graph.
基金supported by UK-China Smart Grid Project ERIFT via UK EPSRC,University of Birmingham SiGuang Li Scholarship and China Scholarship Council。
文摘This paper proposes the design of a novel DC current flow controller(CFC)and evaluates the control performance of balancing and regulating the DC branch currents using the DC CFC in a meshed multi-terminal HVDC(MTDC)grid.The DC CFC consists of two identical full bridge DC-DC converters with the capacitors of the two converters being connected in parallel.The scalability of the DC CFC is easily achievable due to the identical bridge converter topology;the cost of this DC CFC is also relatively low due to its simple physical structure and low voltage ratings.The control performance of the DC CFC is tested on a meshed 3-terminal(3-T)HVDC grid,which is based on modular multilevel converters(MMC).The DC branch current control in the meshed MTDC grid is achieved using the proposed control strategy of the DC CFC,and is verified through case studies on the real-time digital simulator(RTDS).
文摘To predict and analyze the municipal solid waste(MSW)pyrolysis and gasification process in an updraft fixed bed more veritably and appropriately,numerical modeling based on Gibbs energy minimization was executed using the Aspen plus software.The RYield module was combined with the RGibbs module to describe the pyrolysis section,while the RGibbs module was used for the gasification section individually.The proposed model was used to forecast and analyze the target performance parameters including syngas composition,lower heating value(LHV)and carbon conversion rate under different conditions of the gasification temperatures,and ratios and types of gasifying agents.The results indicate that there is a good agreement between the experimental data and the simulated data obtained using this model.The predicted optimum gasification temperature is approximately 750°C,and the best ratio of water vapor as gasifying agent is around 0.4.The mixture of flue gas and water vapor has an economical and recycled prospect among four commonly used gasifying agents.
