Background Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is an ideal model to study the mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in addiction as it eliminates the confounding effects of substance use.Synaptic loss and deficits are hypo...Background Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is an ideal model to study the mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in addiction as it eliminates the confounding effects of substance use.Synaptic loss and deficits are hypothesised to underlie the enduring maladaptive behaviours and impaired cognitive function that contribute to IGD.Aims This study aimed to determine whether subjects with IGD have lower synaptic density than control subjects and the relationship between synaptic density and IGD severity.Methods Eighteen unmedicated subjects diagnosed with current IGD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition criteria and 16 demographically matched healthy controls(HCs)participated in the study and underwent 18F-labelled difluoro-analogue of UCB-J(18F-SynVesT-1)positron emission tomography scans to assess the density of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A(SV2A).The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form(IGDS9-SF),Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA),Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11(BIS-11),Stroop Colour-Word Test(SCWT),stop-signal paradigms and N-back tasks were administered to all subjects.Results Patients with IGD had significantly higher scores on the IGDS9-SF,HAMD,HAMA and BIS-11 than HCs.HCs performed better on the two-back and SCWT tests as well as in terms of stop-signal reaction times(SSRTs)in the stop-signal paradigms than patients with IGD.Lower uptake was found in the bilateral putamen,right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and Rolandic operculum of patients with IGD compared with HCs.Furthermore,in the IGD group,IGDS9-SF scores and daily gaming hours were negatively correlated with the standardised uptake value ratios of 18F-SynVesT-1 in the bilateral putamen.Longer SSRTs were significantly associated with lower SV2A density in the right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and right Rolandic operculum.Conclusions The in vivo results in this study suggest that lower synaptic density contributes to the severity and impairments in inhibitory control of IGD.These findings may provide further incentive to evaluate interventions that restore synaptic transmission and plasticity to treat IGD.展开更多
This work uses thermal polymerization of urea nitrate,oxyacetic acid and urea as the raw material to prepare ultra-thin porous carbon nitride with carbon defects and C-O band(OA-UN-CN).Density functional theory(DFT)ca...This work uses thermal polymerization of urea nitrate,oxyacetic acid and urea as the raw material to prepare ultra-thin porous carbon nitride with carbon defects and C-O band(OA-UN-CN).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations showed OA-UN-CN had narrower band gap,faster electron transport and a new internal construction electric field.Additionally,the prepared OA-UN-CN significantly enhanced photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate(PMS)due to enhanced light absorption performance and faster electron overflow.As the result,the OA-UN-CN/PMS could entirely degrade bisphenol A(BPA)within 30 min,where the photodegradation rate was 81.8 and 7.9 times higher than that of g-C_(3)N_(4)and OA-UN-CN,respectively.Beyond,the OA-UN-CN/PMS could likewise degrade other bisphenol pollutants and sodium lignosulfonate efficiently.We suggested possible photocatalytic degradation pathways accordingly and explored the toxicity of its degradation products.This work provides a new idea on the development of advanced photocatalytic oxidation processes for the treatment of bisphenol pollutants and lignin derivatives,via a metal-free photothermal-catalyst.展开更多
Background Despite high relapse rate among methamphetamine (MA) abusers, there still have been little empirical data to date detecting the risk factors related to craving and relapse from the perspective of MA abusers...Background Despite high relapse rate among methamphetamine (MA) abusers, there still have been little empirical data to date detecting the risk factors related to craving and relapse from the perspective of MA abusers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use qualitative research methods exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat factors that could facilitate or impede individuals' abstinence in a real-life context from the perspectives of MA abusers. Aim To use qualitative research methods exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat factors relating to individuals' abstinence in a real-life context. Method Semistructured interviews were conducted with 32 MA abusers recruited in Shanghai guided by open-ended questions on narrating the real-life catalysts and inhibitors related to craving, initiation, relapse and abstinence. All data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. Results The results of the SWOT analysis revealed that contextual factors including peer influence, prevalence and availability of MA, familiar venue of MA use, discrimination, sexual behaviours, alcohol, emotional states and their attitudes towards smoking MA were important factors that contribute to reinitiation and relapse. Surveillance systems, antidrug social workers, vocational skills trainings, moving to another city and family responsibility might serve as counter measures targeti叩 those mentioned weaknesses and threats above. Conclusion This SWOT analysis highlights the complex nature of relapse. Comprehensive interventions strengtheni叩 coping skills such as virtual reality techniques are desperately needed to facilitate individuals1 sustained abstinence.展开更多
Background Cocaine use disorder(CUD)and associated psychosis are major public health issues worldwide,along with high relapse outcome and limited treatment options.Exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying cocaine...Background Cocaine use disorder(CUD)and associated psychosis are major public health issues worldwide,along with high relapse outcome and limited treatment options.Exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying cocaine-induced psychosis(CIP)could supply integrated insights for understanding the pathogenic mechanism and potential novel therapeutic targets.Aims The aim of the study was to explore common alterations of CUD-schizophrenia target genes and identify core risk genes contributing to CIP through data mining and network pharmacology approach.Methods Target genes of CUD were obtained from GeneCards,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database,Swiss Target Prediction platform and PubChem.Schizophrenia-related target genes were derived from DisGeNET,GeneCards,MalaCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases.Then,the overlap genes of these two sets were regarded as risk genes contributing to CIP.Based on these CUD-schizophrenia target genes,functional annotation and pathway analysis were performed using the clusterProfiler package in R.Protein-protein interaction network construction and module detection were performed based on the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes(STRING)database and Cytoscape software.Gene expression datasets GSE54839 and GSE93577 were applied for data validation and diagnostic capacity evaluation of interested hub genes.Results A total of 165 CUD-schizophrenia target genes were obtained.These genes were mainly contributing to chemical synaptic transmission,neuropeptide hormone activity,postsynaptic membrane and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway.Network analysis and validation analysis indicated that BDNF might serve as an important risk gene in mediating CIP.Conclusions This study generates a holistic view of CIP and provides a basis for the identification of potential CUD-schizophrenia target genes involved in the development of CIP.The abnormal expression of BDNF would be a candidate therapeutic target underlying the pathogenesis of CUD and associated CIP.展开更多
Background Since the outbreak of C0VID-19,no data have been available for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have COVID-19.We performed a comprehensive investigation of the clinical features of hos...Background Since the outbreak of C0VID-19,no data have been available for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have COVID-19.We performed a comprehensive investigation of the clinical features of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with or without suspected COVID-19 in Hubei Province,China.Aim To explore the clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with suspected COVID-19 in Hubei Province,China.M ethods 21 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with suspected COVID-19(COVID-19 suspected group)in the isolation ward of a mental health hospital in Wuhan and 30 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia(clean group)in the general ward of another mental health hospital in Yichang were recruited.We retrospectively reviewed their clinical characteristics,laboratory findings and chest CT results before 21 February 2020.We also compared the emotional and mental symptoms between the two groups.Results Medical records revealed that 21 COVID-19 suspected patients were transferred to the isolation ward between 30 January 2020 and 15 February 2020.The mean age(SD)of COVID-19 suspected patients was 43.1(2.6).12(57.1%)patients showed abnormalities on chest CT before onset of respiratory symptoms.14(66.7%)patients had psychiatric medications adjustment after detection of abnormal chest CT findings.By 21 February,one patient was confirmed to have COVID-19.Even though the remaining 20(95.2%)were negative for at least two reverse transcription PCR tests,11(52.4%)patients met the diagnostic criteria for clinically confirmed cases.Compared with patients in the clean group,patients in the suspected COVID-19 group showed significantly higher stress,depression and anxiety levels and poorer sleep quality.Conclusion Setting up an independent isolation ward for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have symptoms of COVID-19 helped control the spread of the epidemic.Patients with schizophrenia suspected to have COVID-19 showed increased stress and mood and sleep disturbances,which should be appropriately managed.展开更多
Innovation in forestry education is needed to address changing contexts of the positionality of forests.This is particularly signifi cant in the Asia–Pacifi c region,where deforestation and degradation are high.Howev...Innovation in forestry education is needed to address changing contexts of the positionality of forests.This is particularly signifi cant in the Asia–Pacifi c region,where deforestation and degradation are high.However,the accessibility of high-quality forestry education to address changing regional and global contexts is lacking.A series of innovative sustainable forest management(SFM)open education resource(OER)courses were developed and implemented to improve the accessibility of SFM education to enhance teaching quality,curriculum,and research capacity of universities in the Asia-Pacifi c Region.To evaluate the SFM-OER program in terms of student experiences,this study investigated student achievement,perceived success of the pedagogical approach and instructional design,and perceived eff ectiveness of the learning activities in promoting active and transformative learning through the assessment of a 1,191-course feedback survey between 2018 and 2020,including the global pandemic.This study revealed that the program attracted diverse student demographics,including a higher proportion of female students majoring in forestry,ecology,and other environmental studies.Their primary motivation to participate in the courses was to gain international experience,followed by the fl exibility of online learning,mandatory course requirements,and earning course credits.Students were satisfi ed with the Canvas learning management system.Most students spent less than 5 to 10 h of their weekly time in the course and agreed or strongly agreed that the workloads were manageable.Students refl ected positively on various learning activities and assignments,such as watching lecture videos,taking quizzes,reading and summarizing,having discussions,and peer review writing.However,they did not clearly prefer specifi c learning activities,signifying the importance of using diverse learning activities to satisfy diverse individual learning styles in online settings.This analysis contributes to the further development of student-centered pedagogical development for online learning and provides insight into the ways forward for online higher forestry education,while repurposing existing OER courses in a post-Covid-19 era.展开更多
Biomass photorefinery to produce fuels and valuable chemicals is a promising approach to alleviating the energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality.However,precisely modulating the photocatalytic conversion of biom...Biomass photorefinery to produce fuels and valuable chemicals is a promising approach to alleviating the energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality.However,precisely modulating the photocatalytic conversion of biomass into value-added chemicals is still challenging.Here we demonstrate a feasible strategy to selectively produce arabinose via oriented glucose oxidation to gluconic acid,followed by the decarboxylation process for C1-C2 bond cleavage.To realize this process,gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)modified carbon nitride(AuCN)is rationally designed to regulate the electron transfer behavior of pristine carbon nitride from a two-electron pathway to a single-electron pathway.This allows selective production of superoxide(·O_(2)^(-))from oxygen reduction reaction which triggers glucose oxidation into gluconic acid.In addition,the arabinose production is synergistically promoted by the improved charge separation efficiency and extended visible-light absorption via localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)of Au nanoparticles.This work demonstrates an example of a mechanism-guided catalyst design to improve biofuels/chemicals production from biomass photorefinery.展开更多
In early 2020,the COVID-19 outbreak complicated the diagnosis,treatm ent and rehabilitation of patients with substance use disorders and increased the risks of substance abuse and addictive behaviours,such as online g...In early 2020,the COVID-19 outbreak complicated the diagnosis,treatm ent and rehabilitation of patients with substance use disorders and increased the risks of substance abuse and addictive behaviours,such as online gaming disorders,in the general public.Substance use disorder is a chronic recurrent brain disease characterised by strong cravings,high recurrence rates,and a high proportion of comorbidity of mental and physical disorders.1 Therefore,regular long-term therapeutic interventions are critical to preventing dm g relapses while maintaining withdrawal.展开更多
The 2nd Shanghai Forum on Global Mental Health,hosted by Shanghai Mental Health Center and supported by the Chinese Psychiatric Hospital Association,will be held on March 21,2020 in Shanghai.We are inviting you to joi...The 2nd Shanghai Forum on Global Mental Health,hosted by Shanghai Mental Health Center and supported by the Chinese Psychiatric Hospital Association,will be held on March 21,2020 in Shanghai.We are inviting you to join us to discuss all the crucial issues and share great insight,experience,and knowledge on global mental health.展开更多
LnVO_(4)(Ln=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,etc.)is an emerging photocatalyst for solving the energy and environmental crisis,due to its suitable band gap,special valence electronic structure,high thermal,and chemical sta-bility,as well ...LnVO_(4)(Ln=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,etc.)is an emerging photocatalyst for solving the energy and environmental crisis,due to its suitable band gap,special valence electronic structure,high thermal,and chemical sta-bility,as well as excellent photocatalytic performance.Although exhibiting great promise,the low solar power employment efficiency of LnVO_(4) materials has limited its further development and application.However,recent breakthroughs have been made in both heightening its photocatalysis efficiency and elu-cidating the essential photocatalytic mechanisms.Therefore,it is important to review and summarize recent research progress on LnVO_(4) nanomaterials and their applications.In this review,we systemat-ically report on and examine recent computational and experimental advances in the modification of LnVO_(4)-based photocatalysts through morphology adjustment,elemental doping,phase structure modula-tion,crystal facet modulation,defect modulation,heterostructure,and beyond.Thereafter,we outline cur-rent promising photocatalytic applications and discuss challenges/expected upcoming research aims for LnVO_(4)-based photocatalysts.Our goal is to furnish guidance for the reasonable design and preparation of highly efficient LnVO_(4)(Ln=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,etc.)-based photocatalytic materials for sundry applications.展开更多
Dear Editor,The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas(CRISPR-Cas)systems,including type II Cas9 and type V Cas12 systems,which serve in the adaptive immunity of prokaryotes against viruses,have...Dear Editor,The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas(CRISPR-Cas)systems,including type II Cas9 and type V Cas12 systems,which serve in the adaptive immunity of prokaryotes against viruses,have been developed into genome-editing tools(Anzalone et al.,2020;Doudna,2020).Compared with type II systems,the type V systems including V-A to V-K showed more functional diversity(Yan et al.,2019).Amongst them,Cas12i has a relatively smaller size(1,033-1,093 aa),compared to SpCas9 and Cas12a,and has a 5'-TTN protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)preference(Yan et al.,2019).展开更多
Biomass valorization by photoreforming approach provides a promising and alternative strategy to generate value-added chemicals and fuels.In this work,we demonstrate the selective production of lactic acid from glu-co...Biomass valorization by photoreforming approach provides a promising and alternative strategy to generate value-added chemicals and fuels.In this work,we demonstrate the selective production of lactic acid from glu-cose photoreforming over pristine graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3) N_(4))photocatalyst.Control experiments screen the best condition for the highest yield of lactic acid,including modulating pH,catalyst loading,and reaction time.100%glucose conversion is achieved along with almost 100%lactic acid yield under the optimized con-dition.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the rate-determining step(RDS)of the overall reaction on g-C_(3) N_(4) is the conversion of pyruvaldehyde,where an electron transfer takes place.This present work provides experimental insights and theoretical understanding for selective lactic acid production from biomass photoreforming.展开更多
基金supported by the STI2030-Major Projects(grant number 2022ZD0211100,NZ)Foundation of Shanghai Mental Health Center(grant number 2021-YJ15,JL)+5 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82272045,SH)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82201702,QX)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(grant number 2021RC4056,SH)Key Program of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China(grant number CEIEC-2022-ZM02-0219,SH)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82001405,HD)Hunan Natural Science Foundation Youth Program(grant number 2021JJ40979,HD).
文摘Background Internet gaming disorder(IGD)is an ideal model to study the mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits in addiction as it eliminates the confounding effects of substance use.Synaptic loss and deficits are hypothesised to underlie the enduring maladaptive behaviours and impaired cognitive function that contribute to IGD.Aims This study aimed to determine whether subjects with IGD have lower synaptic density than control subjects and the relationship between synaptic density and IGD severity.Methods Eighteen unmedicated subjects diagnosed with current IGD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition criteria and 16 demographically matched healthy controls(HCs)participated in the study and underwent 18F-labelled difluoro-analogue of UCB-J(18F-SynVesT-1)positron emission tomography scans to assess the density of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A(SV2A).The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form(IGDS9-SF),Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA),Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11(BIS-11),Stroop Colour-Word Test(SCWT),stop-signal paradigms and N-back tasks were administered to all subjects.Results Patients with IGD had significantly higher scores on the IGDS9-SF,HAMD,HAMA and BIS-11 than HCs.HCs performed better on the two-back and SCWT tests as well as in terms of stop-signal reaction times(SSRTs)in the stop-signal paradigms than patients with IGD.Lower uptake was found in the bilateral putamen,right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and Rolandic operculum of patients with IGD compared with HCs.Furthermore,in the IGD group,IGDS9-SF scores and daily gaming hours were negatively correlated with the standardised uptake value ratios of 18F-SynVesT-1 in the bilateral putamen.Longer SSRTs were significantly associated with lower SV2A density in the right pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and right Rolandic operculum.Conclusions The in vivo results in this study suggest that lower synaptic density contributes to the severity and impairments in inhibitory control of IGD.These findings may provide further incentive to evaluate interventions that restore synaptic transmission and plasticity to treat IGD.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22076068,8111310014)(China)the University of Calgary’s Canada First Research Excellence Fund(CFREF)program(Canada)for financial support。
文摘This work uses thermal polymerization of urea nitrate,oxyacetic acid and urea as the raw material to prepare ultra-thin porous carbon nitride with carbon defects and C-O band(OA-UN-CN).Density functional theory(DFT)calculations showed OA-UN-CN had narrower band gap,faster electron transport and a new internal construction electric field.Additionally,the prepared OA-UN-CN significantly enhanced photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate(PMS)due to enhanced light absorption performance and faster electron overflow.As the result,the OA-UN-CN/PMS could entirely degrade bisphenol A(BPA)within 30 min,where the photodegradation rate was 81.8 and 7.9 times higher than that of g-C_(3)N_(4)and OA-UN-CN,respectively.Beyond,the OA-UN-CN/PMS could likewise degrade other bisphenol pollutants and sodium lignosulfonate efficiently.We suggested possible photocatalytic degradation pathways accordingly and explored the toxicity of its degradation products.This work provides a new idea on the development of advanced photocatalytic oxidation processes for the treatment of bisphenol pollutants and lignin derivatives,via a metal-free photothermal-catalyst.
基金National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1310400), National Nature Science Foundation of China (U150222& 81501148)Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission (2014ZYJB0002)+3 种基金Shanghai Health and Family Planni叩 Commission Clinical Research Project (20184Y0134)Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (17XD1403300)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (13DZ2260500)Qihang Project of Shanghai Mental Health Center (2018-QH-02).
文摘Background Despite high relapse rate among methamphetamine (MA) abusers, there still have been little empirical data to date detecting the risk factors related to craving and relapse from the perspective of MA abusers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use qualitative research methods exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat factors that could facilitate or impede individuals' abstinence in a real-life context from the perspectives of MA abusers. Aim To use qualitative research methods exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat factors relating to individuals' abstinence in a real-life context. Method Semistructured interviews were conducted with 32 MA abusers recruited in Shanghai guided by open-ended questions on narrating the real-life catalysts and inhibitors related to craving, initiation, relapse and abstinence. All data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. Results The results of the SWOT analysis revealed that contextual factors including peer influence, prevalence and availability of MA, familiar venue of MA use, discrimination, sexual behaviours, alcohol, emotional states and their attitudes towards smoking MA were important factors that contribute to reinitiation and relapse. Surveillance systems, antidrug social workers, vocational skills trainings, moving to another city and family responsibility might serve as counter measures targeti叩 those mentioned weaknesses and threats above. Conclusion This SWOT analysis highlights the complex nature of relapse. Comprehensive interventions strengtheni叩 coping skills such as virtual reality techniques are desperately needed to facilitate individuals1 sustained abstinence.
基金This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation(81771436)Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(17XD1403300)+4 种基金Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission(2017ZZ02021,2018YQ45 and 20184Y0134)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(13DZ2260500)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX05)Shanghai Sailing Program(19YF1442100)Shanghai Mental Health Center Program(2018-QH 02,2020-YJ 06,CRC2018YB02).
文摘Background Cocaine use disorder(CUD)and associated psychosis are major public health issues worldwide,along with high relapse outcome and limited treatment options.Exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying cocaine-induced psychosis(CIP)could supply integrated insights for understanding the pathogenic mechanism and potential novel therapeutic targets.Aims The aim of the study was to explore common alterations of CUD-schizophrenia target genes and identify core risk genes contributing to CIP through data mining and network pharmacology approach.Methods Target genes of CUD were obtained from GeneCards,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database,Swiss Target Prediction platform and PubChem.Schizophrenia-related target genes were derived from DisGeNET,GeneCards,MalaCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases.Then,the overlap genes of these two sets were regarded as risk genes contributing to CIP.Based on these CUD-schizophrenia target genes,functional annotation and pathway analysis were performed using the clusterProfiler package in R.Protein-protein interaction network construction and module detection were performed based on the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes(STRING)database and Cytoscape software.Gene expression datasets GSE54839 and GSE93577 were applied for data validation and diagnostic capacity evaluation of interested hub genes.Results A total of 165 CUD-schizophrenia target genes were obtained.These genes were mainly contributing to chemical synaptic transmission,neuropeptide hormone activity,postsynaptic membrane and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway.Network analysis and validation analysis indicated that BDNF might serve as an important risk gene in mediating CIP.Conclusions This study generates a holistic view of CIP and provides a basis for the identification of potential CUD-schizophrenia target genes involved in the development of CIP.The abnormal expression of BDNF would be a candidate therapeutic target underlying the pathogenesis of CUD and associated CIP.
基金This work was supported by the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(17XD1403300)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(13DZ2260500).
文摘Background Since the outbreak of C0VID-19,no data have been available for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have COVID-19.We performed a comprehensive investigation of the clinical features of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with or without suspected COVID-19 in Hubei Province,China.Aim To explore the clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with suspected COVID-19 in Hubei Province,China.M ethods 21 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with suspected COVID-19(COVID-19 suspected group)in the isolation ward of a mental health hospital in Wuhan and 30 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia(clean group)in the general ward of another mental health hospital in Yichang were recruited.We retrospectively reviewed their clinical characteristics,laboratory findings and chest CT results before 21 February 2020.We also compared the emotional and mental symptoms between the two groups.Results Medical records revealed that 21 COVID-19 suspected patients were transferred to the isolation ward between 30 January 2020 and 15 February 2020.The mean age(SD)of COVID-19 suspected patients was 43.1(2.6).12(57.1%)patients showed abnormalities on chest CT before onset of respiratory symptoms.14(66.7%)patients had psychiatric medications adjustment after detection of abnormal chest CT findings.By 21 February,one patient was confirmed to have COVID-19.Even though the remaining 20(95.2%)were negative for at least two reverse transcription PCR tests,11(52.4%)patients met the diagnostic criteria for clinically confirmed cases.Compared with patients in the clean group,patients in the suspected COVID-19 group showed significantly higher stress,depression and anxiety levels and poorer sleep quality.Conclusion Setting up an independent isolation ward for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have symptoms of COVID-19 helped control the spread of the epidemic.Patients with schizophrenia suspected to have COVID-19 showed increased stress and mood and sleep disturbances,which should be appropriately managed.
基金Asia-Pacifi c Network for Sustainable Forest Management and Rehabilitation SFM-ORE-2018。
文摘Innovation in forestry education is needed to address changing contexts of the positionality of forests.This is particularly signifi cant in the Asia–Pacifi c region,where deforestation and degradation are high.However,the accessibility of high-quality forestry education to address changing regional and global contexts is lacking.A series of innovative sustainable forest management(SFM)open education resource(OER)courses were developed and implemented to improve the accessibility of SFM education to enhance teaching quality,curriculum,and research capacity of universities in the Asia-Pacifi c Region.To evaluate the SFM-OER program in terms of student experiences,this study investigated student achievement,perceived success of the pedagogical approach and instructional design,and perceived eff ectiveness of the learning activities in promoting active and transformative learning through the assessment of a 1,191-course feedback survey between 2018 and 2020,including the global pandemic.This study revealed that the program attracted diverse student demographics,including a higher proportion of female students majoring in forestry,ecology,and other environmental studies.Their primary motivation to participate in the courses was to gain international experience,followed by the fl exibility of online learning,mandatory course requirements,and earning course credits.Students were satisfi ed with the Canvas learning management system.Most students spent less than 5 to 10 h of their weekly time in the course and agreed or strongly agreed that the workloads were manageable.Students refl ected positively on various learning activities and assignments,such as watching lecture videos,taking quizzes,reading and summarizing,having discussions,and peer review writing.However,they did not clearly prefer specifi c learning activities,signifying the importance of using diverse learning activities to satisfy diverse individual learning styles in online settings.This analysis contributes to the further development of student-centered pedagogical development for online learning and provides insight into the ways forward for online higher forestry education,while repurposing existing OER courses in a post-Covid-19 era.
基金supported by grants from theNational Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund Key Project(U1502228)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders Plan(17XD1403300)+3 种基金the Joint Project of Shanghai health and Family Planning Commission(2014ZYJB0002)the Shanghai Mental Health Center Grant(2014-QH-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81601164)a pioneer Grant of Shanghai Mental Health Center(2016-FX-03)
基金supported by the Canada First Research Excellence Fund(CFREF)。
文摘Biomass photorefinery to produce fuels and valuable chemicals is a promising approach to alleviating the energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality.However,precisely modulating the photocatalytic conversion of biomass into value-added chemicals is still challenging.Here we demonstrate a feasible strategy to selectively produce arabinose via oriented glucose oxidation to gluconic acid,followed by the decarboxylation process for C1-C2 bond cleavage.To realize this process,gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)modified carbon nitride(AuCN)is rationally designed to regulate the electron transfer behavior of pristine carbon nitride from a two-electron pathway to a single-electron pathway.This allows selective production of superoxide(·O_(2)^(-))from oxygen reduction reaction which triggers glucose oxidation into gluconic acid.In addition,the arabinose production is synergistically promoted by the improved charge separation efficiency and extended visible-light absorption via localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)of Au nanoparticles.This work demonstrates an example of a mechanism-guided catalyst design to improve biofuels/chemicals production from biomass photorefinery.
基金This work was supported by the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(17XD1403300)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(13DZ2260500)+1 种基金the Shanghai Intelligent Engineering Technology Research Center for Addiction and Rehabilitation(19DZ2255200)and the Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health(19MC1911100).
文摘In early 2020,the COVID-19 outbreak complicated the diagnosis,treatm ent and rehabilitation of patients with substance use disorders and increased the risks of substance abuse and addictive behaviours,such as online gaming disorders,in the general public.Substance use disorder is a chronic recurrent brain disease characterised by strong cravings,high recurrence rates,and a high proportion of comorbidity of mental and physical disorders.1 Therefore,regular long-term therapeutic interventions are critical to preventing dm g relapses while maintaining withdrawal.
文摘The 2nd Shanghai Forum on Global Mental Health,hosted by Shanghai Mental Health Center and supported by the Chinese Psychiatric Hospital Association,will be held on March 21,2020 in Shanghai.We are inviting you to join us to discuss all the crucial issues and share great insight,experience,and knowledge on global mental health.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22076068,8111310014)(China)Global Research Initiative for Sustainable Low-Carbon Unconventional Resources(Canada)University of Calgary’s Canada First Research Excellence Fund(CFREF)program(Canada).
文摘LnVO_(4)(Ln=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,etc.)is an emerging photocatalyst for solving the energy and environmental crisis,due to its suitable band gap,special valence electronic structure,high thermal,and chemical sta-bility,as well as excellent photocatalytic performance.Although exhibiting great promise,the low solar power employment efficiency of LnVO_(4) materials has limited its further development and application.However,recent breakthroughs have been made in both heightening its photocatalysis efficiency and elu-cidating the essential photocatalytic mechanisms.Therefore,it is important to review and summarize recent research progress on LnVO_(4) nanomaterials and their applications.In this review,we systemat-ically report on and examine recent computational and experimental advances in the modification of LnVO_(4)-based photocatalysts through morphology adjustment,elemental doping,phase structure modula-tion,crystal facet modulation,defect modulation,heterostructure,and beyond.Thereafter,we outline cur-rent promising photocatalytic applications and discuss challenges/expected upcoming research aims for LnVO_(4)-based photocatalysts.Our goal is to furnish guidance for the reasonable design and preparation of highly efficient LnVO_(4)(Ln=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,etc.)-based photocatalytic materials for sundry applications.
文摘Dear Editor,The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas(CRISPR-Cas)systems,including type II Cas9 and type V Cas12 systems,which serve in the adaptive immunity of prokaryotes against viruses,have been developed into genome-editing tools(Anzalone et al.,2020;Doudna,2020).Compared with type II systems,the type V systems including V-A to V-K showed more functional diversity(Yan et al.,2019).Amongst them,Cas12i has a relatively smaller size(1,033-1,093 aa),compared to SpCas9 and Cas12a,and has a 5'-TTN protospacer adjacent motif(PAM)preference(Yan et al.,2019).
基金Supported by the Canada First Research Excellence Fund(CFREF),Fonds de recherche du Québec-Nature et technologies(FRQNT)New Researchers Fund(2021-NC-283234)NSERC Discovery Grant(RGPIN-2020-04960)Canada Research Chair(950-23288).
文摘Biomass valorization by photoreforming approach provides a promising and alternative strategy to generate value-added chemicals and fuels.In this work,we demonstrate the selective production of lactic acid from glu-cose photoreforming over pristine graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3) N_(4))photocatalyst.Control experiments screen the best condition for the highest yield of lactic acid,including modulating pH,catalyst loading,and reaction time.100%glucose conversion is achieved along with almost 100%lactic acid yield under the optimized con-dition.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the rate-determining step(RDS)of the overall reaction on g-C_(3) N_(4) is the conversion of pyruvaldehyde,where an electron transfer takes place.This present work provides experimental insights and theoretical understanding for selective lactic acid production from biomass photoreforming.
