Warthin’s tumor is the second most frequent neoplasm next to pleomorphic adenoma in the salivary gland. The tumor contains the epithelial oncocyte cells with the presence of rich-mitochondria and their surrounding ab...Warthin’s tumor is the second most frequent neoplasm next to pleomorphic adenoma in the salivary gland. The tumor contains the epithelial oncocyte cells with the presence of rich-mitochondria and their surrounding abundant lymphocytes. A relatively new disease entity of IgG4-related disease frequently occurs in the salivary gland. However, the coexistence of Warthin’s tumor and IgG4-related disease is scarcely observed. We have recently experienced a rare case of Warthin’s tumor with IgG4-related sialadenitis. A 51-year-old man presented to our hospital, complaining of a mass with right submandibular tenderness and spontaneous pain. A computed tomography scan of the cervical region revealed a suspicion of lymph node proliferative disease, including malignant lymphoma. Elevated serum levels of IL-2R: 1843 U/ml (reference value 122 - 496 U/ml), IgG: 3430 mg/dl (reference value 861 - 1747 mg/dl), and IgG4: 3140 mg/dl (reference value 11 - 121 mg/dl) were observed. Other laboratory data showed within normal ranges. The cervical tumor was diagnosed as Warthin’s tumor by the findings of fine-needle aspiration cytology and biopsy examination. Immunohistochemistry revealed numerous IgG4- and IgG-positive cells with fibrosis surrounding the epithelial component of Warthin’s tumor, suggesting IgG4-rerated sialadenitis. Finally, we diagnosed the cervical tumor as Warthin tumor with IgG4-related sialadenitis. This is the second report describing a case of Warthin’s tumor with possible involvement of IgG4-related sialadenitis.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tumor markers comprise a wide spectrum of biomacromolecules excessively synthesized by a variety of neoplastic cells...<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tumor markers comprise a wide spectrum of biomacromolecules excessively synthesized by a variety of neoplastic cells. These markers can be endogenous products of highly active metabolites from malignant neoplastic cells or the products of newly activated genes. Ideally, tumor markers should be highly sensitive, specific, and reliable with a high prognostic value and organ specificity. In addition, they should reflect the tumor stage. However, no tumor markers identified thus far have all of these characteristics. Nevertheless, most tumor markers show excellent clinical relevance for monitoring the efficacy of a variety of therapies. We herein review how to use the recommended tumor markers to diagnose malignancies, such as gastrointestinal carcinoma, liver cancer, bile duct/pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, gynecologic cancer, and urologic cancer.</span> </div>展开更多
We experienced a case of small, round-cell malignant neoplasm diagnosed by touch smear cytology and histopathology when an open biopsy was performed in a 50-year-old Japanese woman. She was suspected of having a cervi...We experienced a case of small, round-cell malignant neoplasm diagnosed by touch smear cytology and histopathology when an open biopsy was performed in a 50-year-old Japanese woman. She was suspected of having a cervical spine tumor after surgery for cervical spine foraminal stenosis. After consent, the cervical spine tumor histologically diagnosed by an open biopsy was confirmed to be Ewing sarcoma (EWS) by genetic testing. EWS belongs to a group of small, round-cell tumors that are morphologically similar and often difficult to differentiate. After the open biopsy, the present patient received radiotherapy, and her plasma level of Pro-Gastrin-Releasing-Peptide was decreased (217.2 pg/ml before surgery to 30.3 pg/ml;reference value: 0 - 80 pg/ml). We herein report the process for making the final diagnosis by focusing on the intraoperative cytology, histopathology, and immunohistochemical findings. Our diagnosis was validated by karyotyping and a fluorescence <em>in-situ</em> hybridization analysis.展开更多
Gene fusions involving two of the MiT subfamily factors, such as TFE3, TFEB, TFC and MiTF, have been identified in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Xp11.2 translocation RCC is a rare pediatric neoplasm that harbors gene fu...Gene fusions involving two of the MiT subfamily factors, such as TFE3, TFEB, TFC and MiTF, have been identified in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Xp11.2 translocation RCC is a rare pediatric neoplasm that harbors gene fusions involving TFE3, which plays an important role in cell proliferation and survival. We herein present a case of RCC associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion in a 14-year-old Japanese boy presenting gross hematuria and body weight loss. The tumor was characterized by histopathology, cytology and TFE3-immunohistochemistry/immunocytochemistry. Knowledge of distinctive morphological and immunostaining features of this tumor can help to accurately diagnose this rare subset of translocation associated RCC in routine pathological diagnostic procedures.展开更多
We recently experienced a case of intestinal myiasis caused by maggots of fly, Sarcophagidae. A 61-year-old Japanese man presented in August 2015 with a 2-day his-tory of diarrhea and white maggots in his stool. Two d...We recently experienced a case of intestinal myiasis caused by maggots of fly, Sarcophagidae. A 61-year-old Japanese man presented in August 2015 with a 2-day his-tory of diarrhea and white maggots in his stool. Two days before his presentation, he took Chinese noodles and lettuce. At his presentation, we observed a number of discharged insect bodies in his stool. The insect bodies were identified as the larvae of the 3rd instar flesh fly Sarcophagidae based on macroscopic and microscopic examinations. We finally diagnosed as intestinal myiasis due to the fact that the patient had the insect bodies mixed in his diet, lettuce. A few days after the treatment with antibiotics, his symptoms disappeared. Accurate diagnosis of intestinal myiasis in developed countries is necessary to avoid ineffective treatment.展开更多
Cylindroma is a benign skin appendageal tumor arising from pluripotent stem cells in the follicle. Multiple cylindroma typically occurs as a component of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome or as the only skin lesion of familial...Cylindroma is a benign skin appendageal tumor arising from pluripotent stem cells in the follicle. Multiple cylindroma typically occurs as a component of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome or as the only skin lesion of familial cylindromatosis. We herein report an unusual case of multiple cylindroma involving the trunk without any other features of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome and no family history supporting the possibility of familial cylindromatosis. Immunohistochemical features of CYLD and NF-κB, which are involved in the pathogenesis of cylindroma, in the tumors are also presented.展开更多
Paraneoplastic syndromes are signs or symptoms that occur as a result of organ or tissue damage at locations remote from the site of the primary tumor or metastases. Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cance...Paraneoplastic syndromes are signs or symptoms that occur as a result of organ or tissue damage at locations remote from the site of the primary tumor or metastases. Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer can impair various organ functions and include neurologic, endocrine, dermatologic, rheumatologic, hematologic, and ophthalmological syndromes, as well as glomerulopathy and coagulopathy(Trousseau's syndrome). The histological type of lung cancer is generally dependent on the associated syndrome, the two most common of which are humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy in squamous cell carcinoma and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in small cell lung cancer. The symptoms often precede the diagnosis of the associated lung cancer, especially when the symptoms are neurologic or dermatologic. The proposed mechanisms of paraneoplastic processes include the aberrant release of humoral mediators, such as hormones and hormone-like peptides, cyto-kines, and antibodies. Treating the underlying cancer is generally the most effective therapy for paraneoplastic syndromes, and treatment soon after symptom onset appears to offer the best potential for symptom improvement. In this article, we review the diagnosis, potential mechanisms, and treatments of a wide variety of paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer.展开更多
BACKGROUND The common computed tomography findings of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) are multiple cysts and micronodules predominantly in middle to upper lung lobes.Non-cystic nodules and large nodules...BACKGROUND The common computed tomography findings of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) are multiple cysts and micronodules predominantly in middle to upper lung lobes.Non-cystic nodules and large nodules are atypical findings of PLCH.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 48-year-old Japanese man with a smoking history (20 cigarettes/d,28 years) and no symptoms.Multiple nodules existed in all lung lobes,predominantly in the right lower lobe.Some nodules seemed to be distributed randomly,and others were adjacent to bronchus.Most nodules were solid;some small ones were cystic.The largest nodule was 22 mm in diameter.Although metastatic lung tumors were suspected,thoracoscopic lung biopsy led to the diagnosis of PLCH.At 6 months after he quit smoking,all nodules had almost disappeared.We investigated the characteristics of nodules at diagnosis in detail.Of 349 nodules in total,116 were in upper and 199 were in lower lobes.Ninety-six (27.5%) were cystic;the remaining 253 (72.5%) were non-cystic.The prevalence of cystic nodules was higher in upper lobes than in lower lobes (right upper 37.5% vs lower 18.2%,P = 0.0068;left upper 48.1% vs lower 24.4%,P = 0.0078).The average size (dia.) of cystic nodules was smaller than that of noncystic nodules (5.03 mm vs 7.40 mm,respectively,P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION Although multiple non-cystic nodules including large nodules (over 20 mm) are atypical,PLCH should be included in differential diagnoses.The presence of small cystic nodules predominantly in upper lobes and asymptomatic situation are also important for differential diagnoses to distinguish from metastatic cancers.展开更多
Background: Primary fallopian tube cancer is an extremely rare gynecological malignancy. Aim: To discuss, through a case report, the diagnostic process by means of cytology immunohistochemistry. Case Presentation: A 4...Background: Primary fallopian tube cancer is an extremely rare gynecological malignancy. Aim: To discuss, through a case report, the diagnostic process by means of cytology immunohistochemistry. Case Presentation: A 47-year-old Japanese woman, who also had lung cancer, presented with enlarged para-aortic lymph node without any symptoms. Based on the vaginal cytology report suggestive of gynecologic malignant tumor (possibly fallopian tube adenocarcinoma), primary surgery comprised of total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry examinations revealed primary fallopian tube carcinoma with metastasis of para-aortic lymph node. She is free from recurrence and metastases 9 months after the surgery and chemotherapy. Conclusion: Although primary fallopian tube cancer is a rare gynecologic malignancy, vaginal cytology may be useful for detecting fallopian tube carcinoma.展开更多
In order to investigate the isotopic and chemical characteristics of lagoon waters in Niigata Prefecture in recent years, oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios （i.e., 8180 and 6D）, the concentrations of DOC （di...In order to investigate the isotopic and chemical characteristics of lagoon waters in Niigata Prefecture in recent years, oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios （i.e., 8180 and 6D）, the concentrations of DOC （dissolved organic carbon）, DO （dissolved oxygen） and pH, etc. in water samples of Sakata and Toyanogata were measured. Samples were generally taken monthly at the fixed sampling points from these lagoons. Consequently, the following matters have been mainly clarified： （1） ~D value of water samples in Sakata was generally larger than that in Toyanogata similarly to the case of ~180, though remarkable large difference among samples was not found; （2） the pH value of lagoon water samples is almost 6.5-8.5 （which is generally larger than that of river water）, and pH at the spot of SI （downstream point of Lower Lagoon （Shitakata）） is remarkably high （9.0-9.5）; （3） Lagoon water has the chemical characteristics contrasting to groundwater with a focus on river water from the viewpoint of pH （acidity or alkalinity） and DO. These matters can be closely related to the biological activity such as photosynthesis due to aquatic plant and phytoplankton and the activity of Crustacea plankton etc. in lagoon.展开更多
Time-course of oxygen stable isotopic ratios （i.e., δ^18O） as well as seasonal variation of δ^18O has been examined to investigate the characteristics, sources and the passing route of precipitations in Niigata Pr...Time-course of oxygen stable isotopic ratios （i.e., δ^18O） as well as seasonal variation of δ^18O has been examined to investigate the characteristics, sources and the passing route of precipitations in Niigata Prefecture. The precipitation samples have been mainly collected with a filtrating bulk sampler at the rooftop of Niigata University. Furthermore, backward trajectories analyses have been also conducted for these samples taken sequentially for a short period. Consequently, the following features have been mainly clarified for the precipitations in Niigata Prefecture： （1） the δ^18O values varied between -14.57%o and -3.86%0 in the precipitations of Niigata University; （2） as for the comparison among sampling points, the mean value of δ^18O at seaside spots （i.e., Niigata City： -6.93%0） is larger than that of inland spots （Sanjyo City： -8.68%0）; （3） δ^18O value was generally small in the rainy or typhoon season, and relatively large in summer; （4） decreasing δ^18O content with time is a predominant feature of sequentially sampled rainfalls as predicted by Rayleigh models of atmospheric vapor condensation.展开更多
Lung cancer metastasis is typically determined by histologic similarity between distant and primary lesions. Herein, we present a 70-year-old Japanese woman with an adenocarcinoma in her lung and a squamous cell carci...Lung cancer metastasis is typically determined by histologic similarity between distant and primary lesions. Herein, we present a 70-year-old Japanese woman with an adenocarcinoma in her lung and a squamous cell carcinoma in her femur; both tumors had an identical epidermal growth factor receptor mutation, G719 S. This indicated that both tumors had a common origin, despite their histologic dissimilarity. The tumor in the femur was thus identified genetically as a lung cancer metastasis. This case suggests that genetic analysis can determine whether a distant lesion is a lung cancermetastasis, particularly when the histology differs from that of the primary lesion.展开更多
Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death and remains one of the least survivable cancers. Esophageal cancers show wide variations in incidence in different population, suggesting that environmental...Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death and remains one of the least survivable cancers. Esophageal cancers show wide variations in incidence in different population, suggesting that environmental or lifestyle risk factors could be controlled to reduce risk of these diseases. There are two major histopathologic types (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) of esophageal epithelial malignancy. Recently, the rate of adenocarcinoma is increasing in developed countries: in the United States, 50% or more is adenocarcinoma and, in about 70%, the increase especially in a white male serves as adenocarcinoma. Esophageal adenocarcinoma develops in the lower esophagus. In contrast, in Japan, the increase in adenocarcinoma is not clear and most (90%) of esophageal cancers are squamous cell carcinoma. Such squamous cell carcinoma occurs onto the middle part esophagus mostly, and 60% or more of the whole esophagus cancer also develops in the middle and upper parts. These differences also influence the treatment results. The scope of this article is to discuss carcinogenesis in the esophagus by giving an overview about its histopathological characteristics and molecular mechanisms.展开更多
An 84-year-old woman suffered from post-menopausal genital bleeding for 3 months. Based on the endometrial cytological findings (suggestive of high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma) showing that there were rosette-like ...An 84-year-old woman suffered from post-menopausal genital bleeding for 3 months. Based on the endometrial cytological findings (suggestive of high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma) showing that there were rosette-like and cord-like structures consisting of small rounded tumor cells with oval nuclei and scanty cytoplasm, radical hysterectomy was performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations on the operated specimens revealed primary high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium. Despite the extensive treatment against the malignancy, the patient died due to widespread metastases after 5 months after the surgery and autopsied.展开更多
文摘Warthin’s tumor is the second most frequent neoplasm next to pleomorphic adenoma in the salivary gland. The tumor contains the epithelial oncocyte cells with the presence of rich-mitochondria and their surrounding abundant lymphocytes. A relatively new disease entity of IgG4-related disease frequently occurs in the salivary gland. However, the coexistence of Warthin’s tumor and IgG4-related disease is scarcely observed. We have recently experienced a rare case of Warthin’s tumor with IgG4-related sialadenitis. A 51-year-old man presented to our hospital, complaining of a mass with right submandibular tenderness and spontaneous pain. A computed tomography scan of the cervical region revealed a suspicion of lymph node proliferative disease, including malignant lymphoma. Elevated serum levels of IL-2R: 1843 U/ml (reference value 122 - 496 U/ml), IgG: 3430 mg/dl (reference value 861 - 1747 mg/dl), and IgG4: 3140 mg/dl (reference value 11 - 121 mg/dl) were observed. Other laboratory data showed within normal ranges. The cervical tumor was diagnosed as Warthin’s tumor by the findings of fine-needle aspiration cytology and biopsy examination. Immunohistochemistry revealed numerous IgG4- and IgG-positive cells with fibrosis surrounding the epithelial component of Warthin’s tumor, suggesting IgG4-rerated sialadenitis. Finally, we diagnosed the cervical tumor as Warthin tumor with IgG4-related sialadenitis. This is the second report describing a case of Warthin’s tumor with possible involvement of IgG4-related sialadenitis.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tumor markers comprise a wide spectrum of biomacromolecules excessively synthesized by a variety of neoplastic cells. These markers can be endogenous products of highly active metabolites from malignant neoplastic cells or the products of newly activated genes. Ideally, tumor markers should be highly sensitive, specific, and reliable with a high prognostic value and organ specificity. In addition, they should reflect the tumor stage. However, no tumor markers identified thus far have all of these characteristics. Nevertheless, most tumor markers show excellent clinical relevance for monitoring the efficacy of a variety of therapies. We herein review how to use the recommended tumor markers to diagnose malignancies, such as gastrointestinal carcinoma, liver cancer, bile duct/pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, gynecologic cancer, and urologic cancer.</span> </div>
文摘We experienced a case of small, round-cell malignant neoplasm diagnosed by touch smear cytology and histopathology when an open biopsy was performed in a 50-year-old Japanese woman. She was suspected of having a cervical spine tumor after surgery for cervical spine foraminal stenosis. After consent, the cervical spine tumor histologically diagnosed by an open biopsy was confirmed to be Ewing sarcoma (EWS) by genetic testing. EWS belongs to a group of small, round-cell tumors that are morphologically similar and often difficult to differentiate. After the open biopsy, the present patient received radiotherapy, and her plasma level of Pro-Gastrin-Releasing-Peptide was decreased (217.2 pg/ml before surgery to 30.3 pg/ml;reference value: 0 - 80 pg/ml). We herein report the process for making the final diagnosis by focusing on the intraoperative cytology, histopathology, and immunohistochemical findings. Our diagnosis was validated by karyotyping and a fluorescence <em>in-situ</em> hybridization analysis.
文摘Gene fusions involving two of the MiT subfamily factors, such as TFE3, TFEB, TFC and MiTF, have been identified in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Xp11.2 translocation RCC is a rare pediatric neoplasm that harbors gene fusions involving TFE3, which plays an important role in cell proliferation and survival. We herein present a case of RCC associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion in a 14-year-old Japanese boy presenting gross hematuria and body weight loss. The tumor was characterized by histopathology, cytology and TFE3-immunohistochemistry/immunocytochemistry. Knowledge of distinctive morphological and immunostaining features of this tumor can help to accurately diagnose this rare subset of translocation associated RCC in routine pathological diagnostic procedures.
文摘We recently experienced a case of intestinal myiasis caused by maggots of fly, Sarcophagidae. A 61-year-old Japanese man presented in August 2015 with a 2-day his-tory of diarrhea and white maggots in his stool. Two days before his presentation, he took Chinese noodles and lettuce. At his presentation, we observed a number of discharged insect bodies in his stool. The insect bodies were identified as the larvae of the 3rd instar flesh fly Sarcophagidae based on macroscopic and microscopic examinations. We finally diagnosed as intestinal myiasis due to the fact that the patient had the insect bodies mixed in his diet, lettuce. A few days after the treatment with antibiotics, his symptoms disappeared. Accurate diagnosis of intestinal myiasis in developed countries is necessary to avoid ineffective treatment.
文摘Cylindroma is a benign skin appendageal tumor arising from pluripotent stem cells in the follicle. Multiple cylindroma typically occurs as a component of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome or as the only skin lesion of familial cylindromatosis. We herein report an unusual case of multiple cylindroma involving the trunk without any other features of Brooke-Spiegler syndrome and no family history supporting the possibility of familial cylindromatosis. Immunohistochemical features of CYLD and NF-κB, which are involved in the pathogenesis of cylindroma, in the tumors are also presented.
文摘Paraneoplastic syndromes are signs or symptoms that occur as a result of organ or tissue damage at locations remote from the site of the primary tumor or metastases. Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer can impair various organ functions and include neurologic, endocrine, dermatologic, rheumatologic, hematologic, and ophthalmological syndromes, as well as glomerulopathy and coagulopathy(Trousseau's syndrome). The histological type of lung cancer is generally dependent on the associated syndrome, the two most common of which are humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy in squamous cell carcinoma and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in small cell lung cancer. The symptoms often precede the diagnosis of the associated lung cancer, especially when the symptoms are neurologic or dermatologic. The proposed mechanisms of paraneoplastic processes include the aberrant release of humoral mediators, such as hormones and hormone-like peptides, cyto-kines, and antibodies. Treating the underlying cancer is generally the most effective therapy for paraneoplastic syndromes, and treatment soon after symptom onset appears to offer the best potential for symptom improvement. In this article, we review the diagnosis, potential mechanisms, and treatments of a wide variety of paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer.
文摘BACKGROUND The common computed tomography findings of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) are multiple cysts and micronodules predominantly in middle to upper lung lobes.Non-cystic nodules and large nodules are atypical findings of PLCH.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 48-year-old Japanese man with a smoking history (20 cigarettes/d,28 years) and no symptoms.Multiple nodules existed in all lung lobes,predominantly in the right lower lobe.Some nodules seemed to be distributed randomly,and others were adjacent to bronchus.Most nodules were solid;some small ones were cystic.The largest nodule was 22 mm in diameter.Although metastatic lung tumors were suspected,thoracoscopic lung biopsy led to the diagnosis of PLCH.At 6 months after he quit smoking,all nodules had almost disappeared.We investigated the characteristics of nodules at diagnosis in detail.Of 349 nodules in total,116 were in upper and 199 were in lower lobes.Ninety-six (27.5%) were cystic;the remaining 253 (72.5%) were non-cystic.The prevalence of cystic nodules was higher in upper lobes than in lower lobes (right upper 37.5% vs lower 18.2%,P = 0.0068;left upper 48.1% vs lower 24.4%,P = 0.0078).The average size (dia.) of cystic nodules was smaller than that of noncystic nodules (5.03 mm vs 7.40 mm,respectively,P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION Although multiple non-cystic nodules including large nodules (over 20 mm) are atypical,PLCH should be included in differential diagnoses.The presence of small cystic nodules predominantly in upper lobes and asymptomatic situation are also important for differential diagnoses to distinguish from metastatic cancers.
文摘Background: Primary fallopian tube cancer is an extremely rare gynecological malignancy. Aim: To discuss, through a case report, the diagnostic process by means of cytology immunohistochemistry. Case Presentation: A 47-year-old Japanese woman, who also had lung cancer, presented with enlarged para-aortic lymph node without any symptoms. Based on the vaginal cytology report suggestive of gynecologic malignant tumor (possibly fallopian tube adenocarcinoma), primary surgery comprised of total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry examinations revealed primary fallopian tube carcinoma with metastasis of para-aortic lymph node. She is free from recurrence and metastases 9 months after the surgery and chemotherapy. Conclusion: Although primary fallopian tube cancer is a rare gynecologic malignancy, vaginal cytology may be useful for detecting fallopian tube carcinoma.
文摘In order to investigate the isotopic and chemical characteristics of lagoon waters in Niigata Prefecture in recent years, oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios （i.e., 8180 and 6D）, the concentrations of DOC （dissolved organic carbon）, DO （dissolved oxygen） and pH, etc. in water samples of Sakata and Toyanogata were measured. Samples were generally taken monthly at the fixed sampling points from these lagoons. Consequently, the following matters have been mainly clarified： （1） ~D value of water samples in Sakata was generally larger than that in Toyanogata similarly to the case of ~180, though remarkable large difference among samples was not found; （2） the pH value of lagoon water samples is almost 6.5-8.5 （which is generally larger than that of river water）, and pH at the spot of SI （downstream point of Lower Lagoon （Shitakata）） is remarkably high （9.0-9.5）; （3） Lagoon water has the chemical characteristics contrasting to groundwater with a focus on river water from the viewpoint of pH （acidity or alkalinity） and DO. These matters can be closely related to the biological activity such as photosynthesis due to aquatic plant and phytoplankton and the activity of Crustacea plankton etc. in lagoon.
文摘Time-course of oxygen stable isotopic ratios （i.e., δ^18O） as well as seasonal variation of δ^18O has been examined to investigate the characteristics, sources and the passing route of precipitations in Niigata Prefecture. The precipitation samples have been mainly collected with a filtrating bulk sampler at the rooftop of Niigata University. Furthermore, backward trajectories analyses have been also conducted for these samples taken sequentially for a short period. Consequently, the following features have been mainly clarified for the precipitations in Niigata Prefecture： （1） the δ^18O values varied between -14.57%o and -3.86%0 in the precipitations of Niigata University; （2） as for the comparison among sampling points, the mean value of δ^18O at seaside spots （i.e., Niigata City： -6.93%0） is larger than that of inland spots （Sanjyo City： -8.68%0）; （3） δ^18O value was generally small in the rainy or typhoon season, and relatively large in summer; （4） decreasing δ^18O content with time is a predominant feature of sequentially sampled rainfalls as predicted by Rayleigh models of atmospheric vapor condensation.
文摘Lung cancer metastasis is typically determined by histologic similarity between distant and primary lesions. Herein, we present a 70-year-old Japanese woman with an adenocarcinoma in her lung and a squamous cell carcinoma in her femur; both tumors had an identical epidermal growth factor receptor mutation, G719 S. This indicated that both tumors had a common origin, despite their histologic dissimilarity. The tumor in the femur was thus identified genetically as a lung cancer metastasis. This case suggests that genetic analysis can determine whether a distant lesion is a lung cancermetastasis, particularly when the histology differs from that of the primary lesion.
文摘Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death and remains one of the least survivable cancers. Esophageal cancers show wide variations in incidence in different population, suggesting that environmental or lifestyle risk factors could be controlled to reduce risk of these diseases. There are two major histopathologic types (squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) of esophageal epithelial malignancy. Recently, the rate of adenocarcinoma is increasing in developed countries: in the United States, 50% or more is adenocarcinoma and, in about 70%, the increase especially in a white male serves as adenocarcinoma. Esophageal adenocarcinoma develops in the lower esophagus. In contrast, in Japan, the increase in adenocarcinoma is not clear and most (90%) of esophageal cancers are squamous cell carcinoma. Such squamous cell carcinoma occurs onto the middle part esophagus mostly, and 60% or more of the whole esophagus cancer also develops in the middle and upper parts. These differences also influence the treatment results. The scope of this article is to discuss carcinogenesis in the esophagus by giving an overview about its histopathological characteristics and molecular mechanisms.
文摘An 84-year-old woman suffered from post-menopausal genital bleeding for 3 months. Based on the endometrial cytological findings (suggestive of high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma) showing that there were rosette-like and cord-like structures consisting of small rounded tumor cells with oval nuclei and scanty cytoplasm, radical hysterectomy was performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations on the operated specimens revealed primary high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium. Despite the extensive treatment against the malignancy, the patient died due to widespread metastases after 5 months after the surgery and autopsied.
