This editorial aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between vitamin D and viral pathogenesis.It explores the anticipated role of vitamin D as a modulator in the immune response against severe acute respiratory...This editorial aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between vitamin D and viral pathogenesis.It explores the anticipated role of vitamin D as a modulator in the immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and other viral pathogens.The editorial comments are based on the review article by Engin et al.The potential role of vitamin D in modulating immune responses has been highlighted by several studies,suggesting that it may influence both the risk and severity of infections.Vitamin D receptors are present in immunocompetent cells,which indicates that vitamin D can potentially modulate innate and adaptive immune responses.This context is relevant in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),where the immune response to the virus can significantly impact the disease progression and outcome.The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D can protect against SARSCoV-2 infection by enhancing innate and adaptive immune responses.It also maintains the integrity of the body's physical barriers and modulates inflammatory responses,thereby preventing entry and replication of the virus.Many studies have suggested that adequate vitamin D levels help alleviate morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19.Furthermore,vitamin D supplementation has been linked with a lower risk of severe disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients,particularly in those with a deficiency during seasons with less sunlight exposure.展开更多
Management of diabetic foot ulcers is the biggest challenge to the clinician,as conventional antibiotic therapies and local wound care have their own limitations.They are not effective for control of infections and pr...Management of diabetic foot ulcers is the biggest challenge to the clinician,as conventional antibiotic therapies and local wound care have their own limitations.They are not effective for control of infections and promotion of healing because of cytotoxic effects.In view of cytotoxicity of routinely used topical antiseptic agents,this article focuses on the search of an ideal topical antiseptic agent that is safe and effective in controlling infectious agents and also in promoting the healing process.This review focuses on the use of various acids such as citric,acetic,hyaluronic,and hypochlorous acids as topical agents in diabetic foot infections.This article also focuses on the different roles of acids in the treatment of diabetic foot infections.展开更多
A significantly higher rate of new-onset diabetes in many coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients is a frequently observed phenomenon.The resultant hyperglycemia is known to influence the clinical outcome,thereby i...A significantly higher rate of new-onset diabetes in many coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients is a frequently observed phenomenon.The resultant hyperglycemia is known to influence the clinical outcome,thereby increasing the cost of treatment and stay in hospital.This will also affect the post-hospitalization recuperation.It has been observed that new-onset diabetes in COVID-19 patients is associated with considerable increase in morbidity and may be associated with increased mortality in some cases.This mini-review focuses on the possible causes to understand how COVID-19-related diabetes develops,various associated risk factors,and possible mechanism to understand the natural history of the disease process,clinical outcome,associated morbidities and various treatment options in the mana-gement of post COVID-19 diabetes.A literature search was performed in PubMed and other online database using appropriate keywords.A total of 80 articles were found,among which,53 of the most relevant were evaluated/analyzed and relevant data were included.The studies show that patients who have had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection leading to development of COVID-19 may manifest not only with new-onset diabetes but also worsening of pre-existing diabetes.Cytopathic effect and autoimmune destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells,cytokine storm during the active phase of infection causing impaired insulin secretion and resistance,druginduced hyperglycemia,undetected pre-existing hyperglycemia/diabetic condition,and stress-induced impairment of glucose metabolism are some of the possible potential mechanisms of COVID-19-associated new-onset diabetes mellitus.Many studies published in recent times have found a significantly higher rate of new-onset diabetes mellitus in many COVID-19 patients.Whether it is an inflammatory or immune-mediated response,direct effect of virus or combination of these is unclear.The resultant hyperglycemia is known to influence the clinical outcome and has been associated with considerable increase in morbidity and increased mortality in some cases.展开更多
文摘This editorial aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between vitamin D and viral pathogenesis.It explores the anticipated role of vitamin D as a modulator in the immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and other viral pathogens.The editorial comments are based on the review article by Engin et al.The potential role of vitamin D in modulating immune responses has been highlighted by several studies,suggesting that it may influence both the risk and severity of infections.Vitamin D receptors are present in immunocompetent cells,which indicates that vitamin D can potentially modulate innate and adaptive immune responses.This context is relevant in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),where the immune response to the virus can significantly impact the disease progression and outcome.The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D can protect against SARSCoV-2 infection by enhancing innate and adaptive immune responses.It also maintains the integrity of the body's physical barriers and modulates inflammatory responses,thereby preventing entry and replication of the virus.Many studies have suggested that adequate vitamin D levels help alleviate morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19.Furthermore,vitamin D supplementation has been linked with a lower risk of severe disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients,particularly in those with a deficiency during seasons with less sunlight exposure.
文摘Management of diabetic foot ulcers is the biggest challenge to the clinician,as conventional antibiotic therapies and local wound care have their own limitations.They are not effective for control of infections and promotion of healing because of cytotoxic effects.In view of cytotoxicity of routinely used topical antiseptic agents,this article focuses on the search of an ideal topical antiseptic agent that is safe and effective in controlling infectious agents and also in promoting the healing process.This review focuses on the use of various acids such as citric,acetic,hyaluronic,and hypochlorous acids as topical agents in diabetic foot infections.This article also focuses on the different roles of acids in the treatment of diabetic foot infections.
文摘A significantly higher rate of new-onset diabetes in many coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients is a frequently observed phenomenon.The resultant hyperglycemia is known to influence the clinical outcome,thereby increasing the cost of treatment and stay in hospital.This will also affect the post-hospitalization recuperation.It has been observed that new-onset diabetes in COVID-19 patients is associated with considerable increase in morbidity and may be associated with increased mortality in some cases.This mini-review focuses on the possible causes to understand how COVID-19-related diabetes develops,various associated risk factors,and possible mechanism to understand the natural history of the disease process,clinical outcome,associated morbidities and various treatment options in the mana-gement of post COVID-19 diabetes.A literature search was performed in PubMed and other online database using appropriate keywords.A total of 80 articles were found,among which,53 of the most relevant were evaluated/analyzed and relevant data were included.The studies show that patients who have had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection leading to development of COVID-19 may manifest not only with new-onset diabetes but also worsening of pre-existing diabetes.Cytopathic effect and autoimmune destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells,cytokine storm during the active phase of infection causing impaired insulin secretion and resistance,druginduced hyperglycemia,undetected pre-existing hyperglycemia/diabetic condition,and stress-induced impairment of glucose metabolism are some of the possible potential mechanisms of COVID-19-associated new-onset diabetes mellitus.Many studies published in recent times have found a significantly higher rate of new-onset diabetes mellitus in many COVID-19 patients.Whether it is an inflammatory or immune-mediated response,direct effect of virus or combination of these is unclear.The resultant hyperglycemia is known to influence the clinical outcome and has been associated with considerable increase in morbidity and increased mortality in some cases.
