Present study aims to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the crude methanolic extract and different fractions of the <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Epilobium</span>...Present study aims to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the crude methanolic extract and different fractions of the <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Epilobium</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">roseum</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Schreb). The extract and fractions were used against pathogenic bacteria (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">subtilis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">atrophaeus,</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pneumonia</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pseudomonas</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aeruginosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and fungal strains (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aspergillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">niger</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aspergillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">flavus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). The methanolic extract and their sub fraction n-hexane showed a prominent inhibition zone against all bacterial strains but inactive against fungal strains. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The various extracts of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Epilobium</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">roseum</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Schreb) from various parts were tested for their antioxidant activity by</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The IC</span><b><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">50</span></sub></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the stem and root of methanolic extract and their sub fraction n-hexane showed best activity ranged between 22.73 ± 6.92, 21.49 ± 6.26 and 14.94 ± 3.54, 13.92 ± 1.04 μg/ml compared to another fraction. The results support that </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Epilobium</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">roseum</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">can be used as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. The results support the present study that </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Epilobium</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">roseum</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Schreb) has a potential source of natural antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant potentials.</span></span>展开更多
Genetic diversity in 30 genotypes of Pumpkins <span style="font-family:Verdana;">was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> collected from unexplored mountainous areas of Khybe...Genetic diversity in 30 genotypes of Pumpkins <span style="font-family:Verdana;">was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> collected from unexplored mountainous areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan was investigated through biochemical characterization. For biochemical characterization, Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis was carried out. The seed proteins were resolved on 7.5% and 15% polyacrylamide gel. A total of 35% genetic disagreement was observed in the collected lines with linkage distances ranging from 0.00</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> - </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.83 (percent disagreement). Similarly, cluster analysis sorted total germplasm on the basis of 12 bands (total bands) into eight clusters. Present study revealed a considerable amount of genetic diversity explored in pumpkin germplasm, Cluster analysis exhibited moderate level of genetic diversity;to broaden the gene pool. Further collection of the important germplasm is needed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to be </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">used in the development of improved cultivars with respect to quality and quantity.</span>展开更多
Background:The Shamozai Valley of Swat District is remarkable with various plant treasures.Ethnoveterinary information offers folk remedies for livestock,which are cheaper than standard treatment methods and are readi...Background:The Shamozai Valley of Swat District is remarkable with various plant treasures.Ethnoveterinary information offers folk remedies for livestock,which are cheaper than standard treatment methods and are readily available.Methods:Different trips were organized for gathering(harvesting)and recording medicinal plants in the area during 2018.A total of 140 local residents were interviewed.Then,the obtained data were evaluated using used value,relative frequency citations,fidelity level,consensus index,and informant consensus factor.Results:In this study,41 plants were presented,and these plants were used commonly as medication for treating various livestock ailments.The therapeutic plants with most used value were Artemisia scoparia(0.607),Berberis lyceum Royle(0.610),Bromus japonicus(0.491),Avena sativa(0.482),Cannabis sativa L.(0.473),Capsicum annum L.(0.471),Cedrus deodara(0.462),and Chenopodium murale(0.453).On the basis of relative frequency citations values,the most quoted plant species by the indigenous people are Artemisia scoparia(0.760),Berberis lyceum(0.742),Bromus japonicus(0.731),Avena sativa(0.721),and Cannabis sativa L.(0.711).Consensus index percentage showed the highest for Artemisia scoparia(83.109%),followed by Berberis lyceum Royle(80.454%),whereas the ethnomedicinal plant species with most fidelity level were Artemisia scoparia(76.320%),Berberis lyceum Royle(73.403%),Bromus japonicus(72.013%),Avena sativa(71.024%),Cannabis sativa L.(69.322%),Capsicum annum L(68.344%),Cedrus deodara(67.215%),and Chenopodium murale(66.060%)for various disorders.Informant consensus factor ranged from 0.947 to 1.000,whereas different ailments viz.appetite-causing agent,carminative treatment,eye diseases,mouth ulcers,myiasis,pediculosis,septicemia,and tick infestation had maximum informant consensus factor value.Conclusion:The publics of Shamozai are deeply reliant on ethomedicinal plants for treating numerous livestock ailments.Folk information always offers a baseline for further phytochemical and pharmacologic study.展开更多
文摘Present study aims to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the crude methanolic extract and different fractions of the <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Epilobium</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">roseum</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Schreb). The extract and fractions were used against pathogenic bacteria (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">subtilis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bacillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">atrophaeus,</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pneumonia</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pseudomonas</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aeruginosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and fungal strains (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aspergillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">niger</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aspergillus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">flavus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">). The methanolic extract and their sub fraction n-hexane showed a prominent inhibition zone against all bacterial strains but inactive against fungal strains. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The various extracts of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Epilobium</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">roseum</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Schreb) from various parts were tested for their antioxidant activity by</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The IC</span><b><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">50</span></sub></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the stem and root of methanolic extract and their sub fraction n-hexane showed best activity ranged between 22.73 ± 6.92, 21.49 ± 6.26 and 14.94 ± 3.54, 13.92 ± 1.04 μg/ml compared to another fraction. The results support that </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Epilobium</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">roseum</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">can be used as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. The results support the present study that </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Epilobium</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">roseum</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Schreb) has a potential source of natural antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant potentials.</span></span>
文摘Genetic diversity in 30 genotypes of Pumpkins <span style="font-family:Verdana;">was</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> collected from unexplored mountainous areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan was investigated through biochemical characterization. For biochemical characterization, Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis was carried out. The seed proteins were resolved on 7.5% and 15% polyacrylamide gel. A total of 35% genetic disagreement was observed in the collected lines with linkage distances ranging from 0.00</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> - </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.83 (percent disagreement). Similarly, cluster analysis sorted total germplasm on the basis of 12 bands (total bands) into eight clusters. Present study revealed a considerable amount of genetic diversity explored in pumpkin germplasm, Cluster analysis exhibited moderate level of genetic diversity;to broaden the gene pool. Further collection of the important germplasm is needed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to be </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">used in the development of improved cultivars with respect to quality and quantity.</span>
文摘Background:The Shamozai Valley of Swat District is remarkable with various plant treasures.Ethnoveterinary information offers folk remedies for livestock,which are cheaper than standard treatment methods and are readily available.Methods:Different trips were organized for gathering(harvesting)and recording medicinal plants in the area during 2018.A total of 140 local residents were interviewed.Then,the obtained data were evaluated using used value,relative frequency citations,fidelity level,consensus index,and informant consensus factor.Results:In this study,41 plants were presented,and these plants were used commonly as medication for treating various livestock ailments.The therapeutic plants with most used value were Artemisia scoparia(0.607),Berberis lyceum Royle(0.610),Bromus japonicus(0.491),Avena sativa(0.482),Cannabis sativa L.(0.473),Capsicum annum L.(0.471),Cedrus deodara(0.462),and Chenopodium murale(0.453).On the basis of relative frequency citations values,the most quoted plant species by the indigenous people are Artemisia scoparia(0.760),Berberis lyceum(0.742),Bromus japonicus(0.731),Avena sativa(0.721),and Cannabis sativa L.(0.711).Consensus index percentage showed the highest for Artemisia scoparia(83.109%),followed by Berberis lyceum Royle(80.454%),whereas the ethnomedicinal plant species with most fidelity level were Artemisia scoparia(76.320%),Berberis lyceum Royle(73.403%),Bromus japonicus(72.013%),Avena sativa(71.024%),Cannabis sativa L.(69.322%),Capsicum annum L(68.344%),Cedrus deodara(67.215%),and Chenopodium murale(66.060%)for various disorders.Informant consensus factor ranged from 0.947 to 1.000,whereas different ailments viz.appetite-causing agent,carminative treatment,eye diseases,mouth ulcers,myiasis,pediculosis,septicemia,and tick infestation had maximum informant consensus factor value.Conclusion:The publics of Shamozai are deeply reliant on ethomedicinal plants for treating numerous livestock ailments.Folk information always offers a baseline for further phytochemical and pharmacologic study.
