Objective To discuss how to use social media data for post-marketing drug safety monitoring in China as soon as possible by systematically combing the text mining applications,and to provide new ideas and methods for ...Objective To discuss how to use social media data for post-marketing drug safety monitoring in China as soon as possible by systematically combing the text mining applications,and to provide new ideas and methods for pharmacovigilance.Methods Relevant domestic and foreign literature was used to explore text classification based on machine learning,text mining based on deep learning(neural networks)and adverse drug reaction(ADR)terminology.Results and Conclusion Text classification based on traditional machine learning mainly include support vector machine(SVM)algorithm,naive Bayesian(NB)classifier,decision tree,hidden Markov model(HMM)and bidirectional en-coder representations from transformers(BERT).The main neural network text mining based on deep learning are convolution neural network(CNN),recurrent neural network(RNN)and long short-term memory(LSTM).ADR terminology standardization tools mainly include“Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities”(MedDRA),“WHODrug”and“Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms”(SNOMED CT).展开更多
Public environmental concern(PEC)is an important bottom-up force in building an environmentally sustainable society.Guided by attitude theory,this paper innovatively constructed a PEC evaluation index system,while int...Public environmental concern(PEC)is an important bottom-up force in building an environmentally sustainable society.Guided by attitude theory,this paper innovatively constructed a PEC evaluation index system,while introducing entropy weighted-TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)to realize the assessment of PEC.Exploratory spatial data analysis was used to portray the spatio-temporal evolution patterns of PEC in 362 Chinese cities at prefecture-level and above from 2011 to 2018.Furthermore,the Geodetector model was performed to identify the multi-dimensional determinants of PEC from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity.The results indicated that:1)PEC in China exhibited a fluctuating upward trend,consistent with the spatial distribution law of‘Heihe-Tengchong Line’and‘Bole-Taipei Line’;2)the driving effect of each factor varied dynamically,but in general,economic development level,population size,industrial wastewater,and education level were the dominant driving factors explaining the spatial variation of PEC;3)risk detection revealed that four factors,government environmental regulations,PM_(2.5),vegetation coverage,and natural resource endowment,had nonlinear effects on PEC;4)the interactions between factors all demonstrated an enhancement in explaining the spatial differentiation of PEC.PEC was driven by the comprehensive interaction of four-dimensional factors of economy,society,pollutant emissions,and ecology.Among them,population agglomeration accompanied by a high level of regional economy and information technology can explain the increase in PEC to the greatest extent.展开更多
Ozonesondes are widely used to obtain ozone concentration profiles from the surface to the upper atmosphere.A kind of double-cell ozonesonde has been developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics （IAP）,Chinese A...Ozonesondes are widely used to obtain ozone concentration profiles from the surface to the upper atmosphere.A kind of double-cell ozonesonde has been developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics （IAP）,Chinese Academy of Sciences （named the ＂IAP ozonesonde＂） based on previous experience over the past 20 years of developing the singlecell GPSO3 ozonesonde.The IAP ozonesonde is of the Electrochemical Concentration Cell （ECC） type.A detailed description of the IAP ozonesonde is firstly provided in the present paper,followed by a presentation of results from a series of launches carried out to evaluate its performance.The analysis involved comparing its observations with measurements from the GPSO3 and ECC ozonesondes （Model type ENSCI-Z） as well as a Brewer spectrophotometer.The results showed that the IAP ozonesonde is a vast improvement over the GPSO3 ozonesonde,able to capture vertical ozone structures very well and in good agreement with ECC ozonesonde measurements.The average difference in the ozone partial pressure between the IAP and ECC ozonesondes was 0.3 mPa from the surface to 2.5 km,close to zero from 2.5 to 9 km and generally less than 1 mPa for layers higher than 9 km.The apparent deviation is likely caused by a decreasing pump flow rate in the IAP ozonesonde which needs further improvement.The total ozone amounts measured by the IAP ozonesonde profiles were highly comparable with the Brewer data with a relative difference of 6％.The development of the IAP ozonesonde and its strong performance will surely accelerate the process of conventional observations of ozone profiles over China in the near future as well as provide more data for ozone research in general.展开更多
To make a detailed test on the reliability and detection performance of the electrochemical concentra- tion cell （ECC） type ozonesonde which had been devel- oped and preliminarily evaluated by the authors, an inten-...To make a detailed test on the reliability and detection performance of the electrochemical concentra- tion cell （ECC） type ozonesonde which had been devel- oped and preliminarily evaluated by the authors, an inten- sive ozonesonde release experiment was held at two sites in Beijing and Changchun in June 2013. The results showed that the mean background current and its standard deviation were 0.03 （0.04） pA and 0.02 （0.03） pA in Bei- jing （Changchun）. The average response time and its standard deviation were 27.8 s （30.4 s） and 4.0 s （3.7 s） in Beijing （Changchun）. The ozone partial pressure profiles at both sites showed a central peak in the stratosphere and a side peak in the boundary layer. Large variation in ozone partial pressure was observed at the middle levels of the atmosphere （10-17 kin）. A more marked gradient of ozone change was observed in Beijing （3.4 mPa km-1） at the lower atmosphere level, as compared to that in Changchun （0.4 mPa km-l）. The results presented in this paper indicate that this self-developed ozonesonde shows a high level of reliability and good performance. The ozonsonde is expected to play an important role in opera- tional observations of ozone profiles.展开更多
AIM:To find potential mutable sites by detecting mutations of the candidate gene in a kindred with polycystic liver disease(PCLD).METHODS:First,we chose a kindred with PCLD and obtained five venous blood samples of th...AIM:To find potential mutable sites by detecting mutations of the candidate gene in a kindred with polycystic liver disease(PCLD).METHODS:First,we chose a kindred with PCLD and obtained five venous blood samples of this kindred after the family members signed the informed consent form.In the kindred two cases were diagnosed with PCLD,and the left three cases were normal individuals.All the blood samples were preserved at-85?℃.Second,we extracted the genomic DNA from the venous blood samples of the kindred using a QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and then performed long-range polymerase chain reaction(PCR)with different primers.The exons of PKD1 were all sequenced with the forward and reverse primers to ensure the accuracy of the results.Next,we purified the PCR products and directly sequenced them using Big Dye Terminator Chemistry version 3.1.The sequencing reaction was conducted with Biomek FX(Beckman).Finally,we analyzed the results.RESULTS:A total of 42 normal exons were identified in detecting mutations of the PKD1 gene.A synonymous mutation occurred in exon 5.The mutation was a homozygous T in the proband and was C in the reference sequence.This mutation was located in the third codon and did not change the amino acid encoded by the codon.Missense mutations occurred in exons 11 and 35.These mutations were located in the second codon;they changed the amino acid sequence and existed in the db SNP library.A nonsense mutation occurred in exon 15.The mutation was a heterozygous CT in the proband and was C in the referencesequence.This mutation was located in the first codon and resulted in a termination codon.This mutation had an obvious influence on the encoded protein and changed the length of the protein from 4303 to 2246amino acids.This was a new mutation that was not present in the db SNP library.CONCLUSION:The nonsense mutation of exon 15existed in the proband and in the third individual.Additionally,the proband was heterozygous for this mutation,so the mutable site was a pathogenic mutation.展开更多
文摘Objective To discuss how to use social media data for post-marketing drug safety monitoring in China as soon as possible by systematically combing the text mining applications,and to provide new ideas and methods for pharmacovigilance.Methods Relevant domestic and foreign literature was used to explore text classification based on machine learning,text mining based on deep learning(neural networks)and adverse drug reaction(ADR)terminology.Results and Conclusion Text classification based on traditional machine learning mainly include support vector machine(SVM)algorithm,naive Bayesian(NB)classifier,decision tree,hidden Markov model(HMM)and bidirectional en-coder representations from transformers(BERT).The main neural network text mining based on deep learning are convolution neural network(CNN),recurrent neural network(RNN)and long short-term memory(LSTM).ADR terminology standardization tools mainly include“Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities”(MedDRA),“WHODrug”and“Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms”(SNOMED CT).
基金Under the auspices of National Social Science Foundation of China(No.21BJY194)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(No.722RC631)。
文摘Public environmental concern(PEC)is an important bottom-up force in building an environmentally sustainable society.Guided by attitude theory,this paper innovatively constructed a PEC evaluation index system,while introducing entropy weighted-TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)to realize the assessment of PEC.Exploratory spatial data analysis was used to portray the spatio-temporal evolution patterns of PEC in 362 Chinese cities at prefecture-level and above from 2011 to 2018.Furthermore,the Geodetector model was performed to identify the multi-dimensional determinants of PEC from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity.The results indicated that:1)PEC in China exhibited a fluctuating upward trend,consistent with the spatial distribution law of‘Heihe-Tengchong Line’and‘Bole-Taipei Line’;2)the driving effect of each factor varied dynamically,but in general,economic development level,population size,industrial wastewater,and education level were the dominant driving factors explaining the spatial variation of PEC;3)risk detection revealed that four factors,government environmental regulations,PM_(2.5),vegetation coverage,and natural resource endowment,had nonlinear effects on PEC;4)the interactions between factors all demonstrated an enhancement in explaining the spatial differentiation of PEC.PEC was driven by the comprehensive interaction of four-dimensional factors of economy,society,pollutant emissions,and ecology.Among them,population agglomeration accompanied by a high level of regional economy and information technology can explain the increase in PEC to the greatest extent.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) under Grant No. GYHY201106041the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No. XDB05020503
文摘Ozonesondes are widely used to obtain ozone concentration profiles from the surface to the upper atmosphere.A kind of double-cell ozonesonde has been developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics （IAP）,Chinese Academy of Sciences （named the ＂IAP ozonesonde＂） based on previous experience over the past 20 years of developing the singlecell GPSO3 ozonesonde.The IAP ozonesonde is of the Electrochemical Concentration Cell （ECC） type.A detailed description of the IAP ozonesonde is firstly provided in the present paper,followed by a presentation of results from a series of launches carried out to evaluate its performance.The analysis involved comparing its observations with measurements from the GPSO3 and ECC ozonesondes （Model type ENSCI-Z） as well as a Brewer spectrophotometer.The results showed that the IAP ozonesonde is a vast improvement over the GPSO3 ozonesonde,able to capture vertical ozone structures very well and in good agreement with ECC ozonesonde measurements.The average difference in the ozone partial pressure between the IAP and ECC ozonesondes was 0.3 mPa from the surface to 2.5 km,close to zero from 2.5 to 9 km and generally less than 1 mPa for layers higher than 9 km.The apparent deviation is likely caused by a decreasing pump flow rate in the IAP ozonesonde which needs further improvement.The total ozone amounts measured by the IAP ozonesonde profiles were highly comparable with the Brewer data with a relative difference of 6％.The development of the IAP ozonesonde and its strong performance will surely accelerate the process of conventional observations of ozone profiles over China in the near future as well as provide more data for ozone research in general.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDB05020503)the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (Grant No.GYHY201106041)
文摘To make a detailed test on the reliability and detection performance of the electrochemical concentra- tion cell （ECC） type ozonesonde which had been devel- oped and preliminarily evaluated by the authors, an inten- sive ozonesonde release experiment was held at two sites in Beijing and Changchun in June 2013. The results showed that the mean background current and its standard deviation were 0.03 （0.04） pA and 0.02 （0.03） pA in Bei- jing （Changchun）. The average response time and its standard deviation were 27.8 s （30.4 s） and 4.0 s （3.7 s） in Beijing （Changchun）. The ozone partial pressure profiles at both sites showed a central peak in the stratosphere and a side peak in the boundary layer. Large variation in ozone partial pressure was observed at the middle levels of the atmosphere （10-17 kin）. A more marked gradient of ozone change was observed in Beijing （3.4 mPa km-1） at the lower atmosphere level, as compared to that in Changchun （0.4 mPa km-l）. The results presented in this paper indicate that this self-developed ozonesonde shows a high level of reliability and good performance. The ozonsonde is expected to play an important role in opera- tional observations of ozone profiles.
基金Supported by Grants from Science and Technology Projects of the Medicine and Health of Shandong Province,No.2013WS0362the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China,No.30810403081the Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province of China,No.2011GGC03085
文摘AIM:To find potential mutable sites by detecting mutations of the candidate gene in a kindred with polycystic liver disease(PCLD).METHODS:First,we chose a kindred with PCLD and obtained five venous blood samples of this kindred after the family members signed the informed consent form.In the kindred two cases were diagnosed with PCLD,and the left three cases were normal individuals.All the blood samples were preserved at-85?℃.Second,we extracted the genomic DNA from the venous blood samples of the kindred using a QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and then performed long-range polymerase chain reaction(PCR)with different primers.The exons of PKD1 were all sequenced with the forward and reverse primers to ensure the accuracy of the results.Next,we purified the PCR products and directly sequenced them using Big Dye Terminator Chemistry version 3.1.The sequencing reaction was conducted with Biomek FX(Beckman).Finally,we analyzed the results.RESULTS:A total of 42 normal exons were identified in detecting mutations of the PKD1 gene.A synonymous mutation occurred in exon 5.The mutation was a homozygous T in the proband and was C in the reference sequence.This mutation was located in the third codon and did not change the amino acid encoded by the codon.Missense mutations occurred in exons 11 and 35.These mutations were located in the second codon;they changed the amino acid sequence and existed in the db SNP library.A nonsense mutation occurred in exon 15.The mutation was a heterozygous CT in the proband and was C in the referencesequence.This mutation was located in the first codon and resulted in a termination codon.This mutation had an obvious influence on the encoded protein and changed the length of the protein from 4303 to 2246amino acids.This was a new mutation that was not present in the db SNP library.CONCLUSION:The nonsense mutation of exon 15existed in the proband and in the third individual.Additionally,the proband was heterozygous for this mutation,so the mutable site was a pathogenic mutation.
