Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a systemic autoimmune disease that is primarily manifested as synovitis and polyarticular opacity and typically leads to serious joint damage and irreversible disability,thus adversely affec...Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a systemic autoimmune disease that is primarily manifested as synovitis and polyarticular opacity and typically leads to serious joint damage and irreversible disability,thus adversely affecting locomotion ability and life quality.Consequently,good prognosis heavily relies on the early diagnosis and effective therapeutic monitoring of RA.Activatable fluorescent probes play vital roles in the detection and imaging of biomarkers for disease diagnosis and in vivo imaging.Herein,we review the fluorescent probes developed for the detection and imaging of RA biomarkers,namely reactive oxygen/nitrogen species(hypochlorous acid,peroxynitrite,hydroxyl radical,nitroxyl),pH,and cysteine,and address the related challenges and prospects to inspire the design of novel fluorescent probes and the improvement of their performance in RA studies.展开更多
Background: As the population age structure gradually ages, more and more elderly people were found to have pulmonary nodules during physical examinations. Most elderly people had underlying diseases such as heart, lu...Background: As the population age structure gradually ages, more and more elderly people were found to have pulmonary nodules during physical examinations. Most elderly people had underlying diseases such as heart, lung, brain and blood vessels and cannot tolerate surgery. Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) was the first choice for pathological diagnosis and subsequent targeted drugs, immune drugs or ablation treatment. CT-guided percutaneous CNB requires clinicians with rich CNB experience to ensure high CNB accuracy, but it was easy to cause complications such as pneumothorax and hemorrhage. Three-dimensional (3D) printing coplanar template (PCT) combined with CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary CNB biopsy has been used in clinical practice, but there was no prospective, randomized controlled study. Methods: Elderly patients with lung nodules admitted to the Department of Oncology of our hospital from January 2019 to January 2023 were selected. A total of 225 elderly patients were screened, and 30 patients were included after screening. They were randomly divided into experimental group (Group A: 30 cases) and control group (Group B: 30 cases). Group A was given 3D-PCT combined with CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary CNB biopsy, Group B underwent CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary CNB. The primary outcome measure of this study was the accuracy of diagnostic CNB, and the secondary outcome measures were CNB time, number of CNB needles, number of pathological tissues and complications. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of group A and group B was 96.67% and 76.67%, respectively (P = 0.026). There were statistical differences between group A and group B in average CNB time (P = 0.001), number of CNB (1 vs more than 1, P = 0.029), and pathological tissue obtained by CNB (3 vs 1, P = 0.040). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of pneumothorax and hemorrhage between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: 3D-PCT combined with CT-guided percutaneous CNB can improve the puncture accuracy of elderly patients, shorten the puncture time, reduce the number of punctures, and increase the amount of puncture pathological tissue, without increasing pneumothorax and hemorrhage complications. We look forward to verifying this in a phase III randomized controlled clinical study. .展开更多
Safety remains a persistent challenge for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The development of safe and non-flammable electrolytes is especially important in harsh conditions such as high temperatures....Safety remains a persistent challenge for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The development of safe and non-flammable electrolytes is especially important in harsh conditions such as high temperatures.Herein,a flame-retardant,low-cost and thermally stable long chain phosphate ester based(tributyl phosphate,TBP)electrolyte is reported,which can effectively enhance the cycling stability of highly loaded high-nickel LMBs with high safety through co-solvation strategy.The interfacial compatibility between TBP and electrode is effectively improved using a short-chain ether(glycol dimethyl ether,DME),and a specially competitive solvation structure is further constructed using lithium borate difluorooxalate(LiDFOB)to form the stable and inorganic-rich electrode interphases.Benefiting from the presence of the cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)enriched with LiF and Li_(x)PO_(y)F_(z),the electrolyte demonstrates excellent cycling stability assembled using a 50μm lithium foil anode in combination with a high loading NMC811(15.4 mg cm^(-2))cathode,with 88%capacity retention after 120 cycles.Furthermore,the electrolyte exhibits excellent high-temperature characteristics when used in a 1-Ah pouch cell(N/P=0.26),and higher thermal runaway temperature(238℃)in the ARC(accelerating rate calorimeter)demonstrating high safety.This novel electrolyte adopts long-chain phosphate as the main solvent for the first time,and would provide a new idea for the development of extremely high safety and high-temperature electrolytes.展开更多
Electrochemical lithium extraction from salt lakes is an effective strategy for obtaining lithium at a low cost.Nevertheless,the elevated Mg:Li ratio and the presence of numerous coexisting ions in salt lake brines gi...Electrochemical lithium extraction from salt lakes is an effective strategy for obtaining lithium at a low cost.Nevertheless,the elevated Mg:Li ratio and the presence of numerous coexisting ions in salt lake brines give rise to challenges,such as prolonged lithium extraction periods,diminished lithium extraction efficiency,and considerable environmental pollution.In this work,Li FePO4(LFP)served as the electrode material for electrochemical lithium extraction.The conductive network in the LFP electrode was optimized by adjusting the type of conductive agent.This approach resulted in high lithium extraction efficiency and extended cycle life.When the single conductive agent of acetylene black(AB)or multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)was replaced with the mixed conductive agent of AB/MWCNTs,the average diffusion coefficient of Li+in the electrode increased from 2.35×10^(-9)or 1.77×10^(-9)to 4.21×10^(-9)cm^(2)·s^(-1).At the current density of 20 mA·g^(-1),the average lithium extraction capacity per gram of LFP electrode increased from 30.36 mg with the single conductive agent(AB)to 35.62 mg with the mixed conductive agent(AB/MWCNTs).When the mixed conductive agent was used,the capacity retention of the electrode after 30 cycles reached 82.9%,which was considerably higher than the capacity retention of 65.8%obtained when the single AB was utilized.Meanwhile,the electrode with mixed conductive agent of AB/MWCNTs provided good cycling performance.When the conductive agent content decreased or the loading capacity increased,the electrode containing the mixed conductive agent continued to show excellent electrochemical performance.Furthermore,a self-designed,highly efficient,continuous lithium extraction device was constructed.The electrode utilizing the AB/MWCNT mixed conductive agent maintained excellent adsorption capacity and cycling performance in this device.This work provides a new perspective for the electrochemical extraction of lithium using LFP electrodes.展开更多
A new concentrated ternary salt ether-based electrolyte enables stable cycling of lithium metal battery(LMB)cells with high-mass-loading(13.8 mg cm^(−2),2.5 mAh cm^(−2))NMC622(LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2))cathodes ...A new concentrated ternary salt ether-based electrolyte enables stable cycling of lithium metal battery(LMB)cells with high-mass-loading(13.8 mg cm^(−2),2.5 mAh cm^(−2))NMC622(LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2))cathodes and 50μm Li anodes.Termed“CETHER-3,”this electrolyte is based on LiTFSI,LiDFOB,and LiBF4 with 5 vol%fluorinated ethylene carbonate in 1,2-dimethoxyethane.Commer-cial carbonate and state-of-the-art binary salt ether electrolytes were also tested as baselines.With CETHER-3,the electrochemical performance of the full-cell battery is among the most favorably reported in terms of high-voltage cycling stability.For example,LiNi_(x)Mn_(y)Co_(1-x-y)O_(2)(NMC)-Li metal cells retain 80%capacity at 430 cycles with a 4.4 V cut-off and 83%capacity at 100 cycles with a 4.5 V cut-off(charge at C/5,discharge at C/2).According to simulation by density functional theory and molecular dynamics,this favorable performance is an outcome of enhanced coordination between Li^(+)and the solvent/salt molecules.Combining advanced microscopy(high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy)and surface science(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,time-of-fight secondary ion mass spectroscopy,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy),it is demonstrated that a thinner and more stable cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)are formed.The CEI is rich in lithium sulfide(Li_(2)SO_(3)),while the SEI is rich in Li_(3)N and LiF.During cycling,the CEI/SEI suppresses both the deleterious transformation of the cathode R-3m layered near-surface structure into disordered rock salt and the growth of lithium metal dendrites.展开更多
AIM: To explore the mechanism of protection against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by Liuweiwuling tablets.METHODS: Intraperitoneal injections of acetaminophen(250 mg/kg) were used to induce acute liver inju...AIM: To explore the mechanism of protection against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by Liuweiwuling tablets.METHODS: Intraperitoneal injections of acetaminophen(250 mg/kg) were used to induce acute liver injury in male C57BL/6 mice.A total of 24 healthy mice were randomly assigned to two groups: an acute liver injury group(control group) and a Liuweiwuling tablet group.Mice were given Liuweiwuling tablets or a vehicle(PBS) orally prior to the administration of acetaminophen.Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransaminase(AST) levels were measured at different time points within one week,and pathological examinations of liver tissues were performed 36 h after induction of acute liver injury.Serum inflammatory cytokines,such as high mobility group box protein B1(HMGB1),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin IL-1b,were detected using an ELISA method according to the manufacturer's instructions.Hepatic morphological changes at 36 h were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in liver tissue was determined by Western blot analysis.The m RNA levels of hepatocyte proliferation markers(PCNA,Cyclin D1 and p21) were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: The levels of ALT/AST in the Liuweiwuling tablet group were decreased significantly at 6,12 and 24 h compared to that of the control group(654.38 ± 120.87 vs 1566.17 ± 421.64,1154.18 ± 477.72 vs 4654.84 ± 913.71 and 935.13 ± 252.34 vs 4553.75 ± 727.37,P < 0.01).Serum HMGB1 levels at 6 and 12 h for the Liuweiwuling tablet group were significantly lower than those of the control group(23.49 ± 3.89 vs58.6 ± 3.65,61.62 ± 13.07 vs 27.32 ± 5.97,P < 0.01).Furthermore,serum TNF-α and IL-1b levels at 12 h in the Liuweiwuling tablet group were also significantly lower than those of the control group(299.35 ± 50.61 vs 439.03 ± 63.59,57.42 ± 12.98 vs 160.07 ± 49.87,P < 0.01).Centrilobular necrosis was evident in liver tissue of mice with acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury,but was almost abolished in the Liuweiwuling tablet group.The expression levels of PCNA and Cyclin D1 were up-regulated in liver tissue in the Liuweiwuling tablet group(321.08 ± 32.87 vs 157.91 ± 21.52,196.37 ± 25.39 vs 68.72 ± 11.27,P < 0.01); however,expression of p21 in liver tissue was downregulated compared to that of the control group(40.26 ± 9.97 vs 138.24 ± 13.66,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Liuweiwuling tablets can attenuate acute liver injury by decreasing inflammatory cytokine(HMGB1,TNF-α and IL-1b) levels and promoting liver regeneration.展开更多
AIM: To determine the therapeutic potential of sphingosine kinase 1(Sphk1) inhibition and its underlying mechanism in a well-characterized mouse model of D-galactosamine(D-Gal N)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute ...AIM: To determine the therapeutic potential of sphingosine kinase 1(Sphk1) inhibition and its underlying mechanism in a well-characterized mouse model of D-galactosamine(D-Gal N)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute liver failure(ALF).METHODS: Balb/c mice were randomly assigned to different groups,with ALF induced by intraperitoneal injection of D-Ga IN(600 mg/kg) and LPS(10 μg/kg). The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels at different time points within one week were determined using a multi-parametric analyzer. Serum high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-10,and sphingosine-1-phosphate were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatic morphological changes at 36 h after acute liver injury induction were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. HMGB1 expression in hepatocytes and cytoplasmic translocation were detected by immunohistochemistry. Expression of Sphk1 in liver tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was analyzed by Western blot.RESULTS: The expression of Sphk1 in liver tissue and PBMCs was upregulated in Gal N/LPS-induced ALF. Upregulated Sphk1 expression in liver tissue was mainly caused by Kupffer cells,the resident macrophages of the liver. The survival rates of mice in the N,Ndimethylsphingosine(DMS,a specific inhibitor of Sph K1) treatment group were significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.001). DMS treatment significantly decreased the levels of serum ALT and AST at 6,12,and 24 h compared with that of the control group(P < 0.01 for all). Serum HMGB1 levels at 6,12,and 24 h,as well as serum TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β levels at 12 h,were significantly lower in the DMS treatment group than in the control group(P < 0.01 for all). Furthermore,hepatic inflammation,necrosis,and HMGB1 cytoplasm translocation in liver cells were significantly decreased in the DMS treatment group compared to the control group(43.72% ± 5.51% vs 3.57% ± 0.83%,χ2 = 12.81,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Inhibition of Sph K1 ameliorates ALF by reducing HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation in liver cells,and so might be a potential therapeutic strategy for this disease.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the role of protein kinase C(PKC)-δ activation in the pathogenesis of acute liver failure(ALF) in a well-characterized mouse model of D-galactosamine(D-Gal N)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALF.M...AIM: To investigate the role of protein kinase C(PKC)-δ activation in the pathogenesis of acute liver failure(ALF) in a well-characterized mouse model of D-galactosamine(D-Gal N)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALF.METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to five groups, and ALF was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of D-Ga IN(600 mg/kg) and LPS(10 μg/kg). Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels at different time points within one week were determined using a multiparameteric analyzer. Serum levels of high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1), tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 as well as nuclear factor(NF)-κB activity were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatic morphological changes at 36 h after ALF induction were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of PKC-δ in liver tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was analyzed by Western blot.RESULTS: The expression and activation of PKC-δ were up-regulated in liver tissue and PBMCs of mice with D-Gal N/LPS-induced ALF. Inhibition of PKC-δ activation with rottlerin significantly increased the survival rates and decreased serum ALT/AST levels at 6, 12 and 24 h compared with the control group(P < 0.001). Rottlerin treatment also significantly decreased serum levels of HMGB1 at 6, 12, and 24 h, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 β at 12 h compared with the control group(P < 0.01). The inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis in liver tissue were also decreased in the rottlerin treatment group. Furthermore, sphingosine kinase 1(Sph K1) dependent PKC-δ activation played an important role in promoting NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production in ALF.CONCLUSION: Sph K1 dependent PKC-δ activation plays an important role in promoting NF-κB activation and inflammatory response in ALF, and inhibition of PKC-δ activation might be a potential therapeutic strategy for this disease.展开更多
Mixed-cation perovskite solar cells have attracted tremendous attention in space applications due to their excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability to light and heat.Although the evolution of photovol...Mixed-cation perovskite solar cells have attracted tremendous attention in space applications due to their excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability to light and heat.Although the evolution of photovoltaic performance in different space environments has been investigated,the role of inorganic cesium ions (Cs^(+)) in the enhancement of irradiation resistance needs to be further clarified.Herein,the structure and performance evolution of Cs-doped CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)(MAPbI_(3)) films and planar heterojunction devices under proton irradiation up to 1×10^(16)p cm^(-2) were studied.5%of Cs^(+) doping can increase the cohesive energy of MAPbI_(3)and effectively alleviate the lattice strain induced by proton irradiation,thereby enhancing the crystallinity and stability of films.The bandgap changes of irradiated Cs_(0.05)MA_(0.95)PbI_(3) films under the identical fluence were only one third of that of MAPbI_(3) films.Upon irradiation under the fluence of 1×10^(14)p cm^(-2),the density of trap states in the undoped and 5%Cs-doped films increased by 71%and 9%,respectively,and the average PCE of 20 corresponding devices decreased only by 12%and 9%,respectively.This proves that the replacement of organic methylamine ion with inorganic cesium ion contributes to the improvement of MAPbI_(3) resistance to proton irradiation,thus confirming the application prospects of mixed-cation or all-inorganic perovskite solar cells in spacecraft.展开更多
With the advancement of modern science and technology, large scientific facilities are increasingly oriented toward demand and application, and can be used for basic research as well as serving multiple disciplines. D...With the advancement of modern science and technology, large scientific facilities are increasingly oriented toward demand and application, and can be used for basic research as well as serving multiple disciplines. Developing large scientific facilities and related analytical technologies enhances understanding of large scientific facilities and popularizes their application in research across multiple disciplines. The combination of light or neutron sources from large scientific facilities and advanced analytical technologies can be achieved for materials structure information, dynamics study of chemical reactions, high dissociation of biomolecules, 3D visualization of energy materials or biological samples, etc. We first introduce the progress of domestic large scientific facilities of synchrotron radiation(SR) and free electron lasers(FELs) with different wavelengths and neutron sources.We further discuss the comparison between Chinese and typical foreign facilities in X-ray radiation from X-ray tubes, synchrotrons, X-ray FELs, and neutron sources based on physical parameters of light and neutron sources. In addition, we focus on the technological progress and perspectives combined with advanced X-ray radiation and neutron sources of large scientific facilities in China, especially in the nanoscience fields of energy catalysis and biological science. We hope that this roadmap will provide references on technology and methods to experimental users, as well as prospects for future development of technologies based on large research infrastructure facilities. Comprehensive studies and guidelines for basic research to practical application in various disciplines can be made with the assistance of large scientific facilities.展开更多
Crop breeding schemes can be significantly accelerated by using(doubled)haploid plants.In vivo haploid induction has been applied in plant breeding for decades but is still not available for all crops and genotypes,an...Crop breeding schemes can be significantly accelerated by using(doubled)haploid plants.In vivo haploid induction has been applied in plant breeding for decades but is still not available for all crops and genotypes,and haploidization rates are generally very low.Therefore,methodological improvements to and new concepts for haploidization are required.Here,we report a novel system for the induction of haploid plants by mutating genes encoding egg cell-specific aspartic endopeptidases(ECSs).We show that after successful sperm–egg cell fusion,ECSs play a critical role to ensure male and female nucleus fusion after fertilization.The ecs1 ecs2 double mutant can induce haploids by both selfing and hybridization in Arabidopsis and ECS mutation is also capable of producing haploids in rice.In summary,our study develops a novel approach for maternal haploidization and provides new insights into the molecular basis of fertilization.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072432)the China-Japan Friendship Hospital Horizontal Project/Spontaneous Research Funding(2022-HX-JC-7)+1 种基金the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-NHLHCRF-PY-20)the Elite Medical Professionals project of China-Japan Friendship Hospital(ZRJY2021-GG12).
文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a systemic autoimmune disease that is primarily manifested as synovitis and polyarticular opacity and typically leads to serious joint damage and irreversible disability,thus adversely affecting locomotion ability and life quality.Consequently,good prognosis heavily relies on the early diagnosis and effective therapeutic monitoring of RA.Activatable fluorescent probes play vital roles in the detection and imaging of biomarkers for disease diagnosis and in vivo imaging.Herein,we review the fluorescent probes developed for the detection and imaging of RA biomarkers,namely reactive oxygen/nitrogen species(hypochlorous acid,peroxynitrite,hydroxyl radical,nitroxyl),pH,and cysteine,and address the related challenges and prospects to inspire the design of novel fluorescent probes and the improvement of their performance in RA studies.
文摘Background: As the population age structure gradually ages, more and more elderly people were found to have pulmonary nodules during physical examinations. Most elderly people had underlying diseases such as heart, lung, brain and blood vessels and cannot tolerate surgery. Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) was the first choice for pathological diagnosis and subsequent targeted drugs, immune drugs or ablation treatment. CT-guided percutaneous CNB requires clinicians with rich CNB experience to ensure high CNB accuracy, but it was easy to cause complications such as pneumothorax and hemorrhage. Three-dimensional (3D) printing coplanar template (PCT) combined with CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary CNB biopsy has been used in clinical practice, but there was no prospective, randomized controlled study. Methods: Elderly patients with lung nodules admitted to the Department of Oncology of our hospital from January 2019 to January 2023 were selected. A total of 225 elderly patients were screened, and 30 patients were included after screening. They were randomly divided into experimental group (Group A: 30 cases) and control group (Group B: 30 cases). Group A was given 3D-PCT combined with CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary CNB biopsy, Group B underwent CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary CNB. The primary outcome measure of this study was the accuracy of diagnostic CNB, and the secondary outcome measures were CNB time, number of CNB needles, number of pathological tissues and complications. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of group A and group B was 96.67% and 76.67%, respectively (P = 0.026). There were statistical differences between group A and group B in average CNB time (P = 0.001), number of CNB (1 vs more than 1, P = 0.029), and pathological tissue obtained by CNB (3 vs 1, P = 0.040). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of pneumothorax and hemorrhage between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: 3D-PCT combined with CT-guided percutaneous CNB can improve the puncture accuracy of elderly patients, shorten the puncture time, reduce the number of punctures, and increase the amount of puncture pathological tissue, without increasing pneumothorax and hemorrhage complications. We look forward to verifying this in a phase III randomized controlled clinical study. .
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No.52072322)the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (CN) (grant no.23GJHZ0147,23ZDYF0262,2022YFG0294)Research and Innovation Fund for Graduate Students of Southwest Petroleum University (No.:2022KYCX111)。
文摘Safety remains a persistent challenge for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The development of safe and non-flammable electrolytes is especially important in harsh conditions such as high temperatures.Herein,a flame-retardant,low-cost and thermally stable long chain phosphate ester based(tributyl phosphate,TBP)electrolyte is reported,which can effectively enhance the cycling stability of highly loaded high-nickel LMBs with high safety through co-solvation strategy.The interfacial compatibility between TBP and electrode is effectively improved using a short-chain ether(glycol dimethyl ether,DME),and a specially competitive solvation structure is further constructed using lithium borate difluorooxalate(LiDFOB)to form the stable and inorganic-rich electrode interphases.Benefiting from the presence of the cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)enriched with LiF and Li_(x)PO_(y)F_(z),the electrolyte demonstrates excellent cycling stability assembled using a 50μm lithium foil anode in combination with a high loading NMC811(15.4 mg cm^(-2))cathode,with 88%capacity retention after 120 cycles.Furthermore,the electrolyte exhibits excellent high-temperature characteristics when used in a 1-Ah pouch cell(N/P=0.26),and higher thermal runaway temperature(238℃)in the ARC(accelerating rate calorimeter)demonstrating high safety.This novel electrolyte adopts long-chain phosphate as the main solvent for the first time,and would provide a new idea for the development of extremely high safety and high-temperature electrolytes.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072322)the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province,China(Nos.23GJHZ0147,23ZDYF0262,2022YFG0294,and 2019-GH02-00052-HZ)。
文摘Electrochemical lithium extraction from salt lakes is an effective strategy for obtaining lithium at a low cost.Nevertheless,the elevated Mg:Li ratio and the presence of numerous coexisting ions in salt lake brines give rise to challenges,such as prolonged lithium extraction periods,diminished lithium extraction efficiency,and considerable environmental pollution.In this work,Li FePO4(LFP)served as the electrode material for electrochemical lithium extraction.The conductive network in the LFP electrode was optimized by adjusting the type of conductive agent.This approach resulted in high lithium extraction efficiency and extended cycle life.When the single conductive agent of acetylene black(AB)or multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)was replaced with the mixed conductive agent of AB/MWCNTs,the average diffusion coefficient of Li+in the electrode increased from 2.35×10^(-9)or 1.77×10^(-9)to 4.21×10^(-9)cm^(2)·s^(-1).At the current density of 20 mA·g^(-1),the average lithium extraction capacity per gram of LFP electrode increased from 30.36 mg with the single conductive agent(AB)to 35.62 mg with the mixed conductive agent(AB/MWCNTs).When the mixed conductive agent was used,the capacity retention of the electrode after 30 cycles reached 82.9%,which was considerably higher than the capacity retention of 65.8%obtained when the single AB was utilized.Meanwhile,the electrode with mixed conductive agent of AB/MWCNTs provided good cycling performance.When the conductive agent content decreased or the loading capacity increased,the electrode containing the mixed conductive agent continued to show excellent electrochemical performance.Furthermore,a self-designed,highly efficient,continuous lithium extraction device was constructed.The electrode utilizing the AB/MWCNT mixed conductive agent maintained excellent adsorption capacity and cycling performance in this device.This work provides a new perspective for the electrochemical extraction of lithium using LFP electrodes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21905265,52072322,U1930402,61974042National Science Foundation,Civil,Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation,Grant/Award Number:1911905+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:WK2060140026Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province,Grant/Award Numbers:2019‐GH02‐00052‐HZ,2019YFG0220Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation of Shunde Graduate School,Grant/Award Number:BK19BE024National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2017YFA0303403。
文摘A new concentrated ternary salt ether-based electrolyte enables stable cycling of lithium metal battery(LMB)cells with high-mass-loading(13.8 mg cm^(−2),2.5 mAh cm^(−2))NMC622(LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2))cathodes and 50μm Li anodes.Termed“CETHER-3,”this electrolyte is based on LiTFSI,LiDFOB,and LiBF4 with 5 vol%fluorinated ethylene carbonate in 1,2-dimethoxyethane.Commer-cial carbonate and state-of-the-art binary salt ether electrolytes were also tested as baselines.With CETHER-3,the electrochemical performance of the full-cell battery is among the most favorably reported in terms of high-voltage cycling stability.For example,LiNi_(x)Mn_(y)Co_(1-x-y)O_(2)(NMC)-Li metal cells retain 80%capacity at 430 cycles with a 4.4 V cut-off and 83%capacity at 100 cycles with a 4.5 V cut-off(charge at C/5,discharge at C/2).According to simulation by density functional theory and molecular dynamics,this favorable performance is an outcome of enhanced coordination between Li^(+)and the solvent/salt molecules.Combining advanced microscopy(high-resolution transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy)and surface science(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,time-of-fight secondary ion mass spectroscopy,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy),it is demonstrated that a thinner and more stable cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)are formed.The CEI is rich in lithium sulfide(Li_(2)SO_(3)),while the SEI is rich in Li_(3)N and LiF.During cycling,the CEI/SEI suppresses both the deleterious transformation of the cathode R-3m layered near-surface structure into disordered rock salt and the growth of lithium metal dendrites.
文摘AIM: To explore the mechanism of protection against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by Liuweiwuling tablets.METHODS: Intraperitoneal injections of acetaminophen(250 mg/kg) were used to induce acute liver injury in male C57BL/6 mice.A total of 24 healthy mice were randomly assigned to two groups: an acute liver injury group(control group) and a Liuweiwuling tablet group.Mice were given Liuweiwuling tablets or a vehicle(PBS) orally prior to the administration of acetaminophen.Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransaminase(AST) levels were measured at different time points within one week,and pathological examinations of liver tissues were performed 36 h after induction of acute liver injury.Serum inflammatory cytokines,such as high mobility group box protein B1(HMGB1),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin IL-1b,were detected using an ELISA method according to the manufacturer's instructions.Hepatic morphological changes at 36 h were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in liver tissue was determined by Western blot analysis.The m RNA levels of hepatocyte proliferation markers(PCNA,Cyclin D1 and p21) were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: The levels of ALT/AST in the Liuweiwuling tablet group were decreased significantly at 6,12 and 24 h compared to that of the control group(654.38 ± 120.87 vs 1566.17 ± 421.64,1154.18 ± 477.72 vs 4654.84 ± 913.71 and 935.13 ± 252.34 vs 4553.75 ± 727.37,P < 0.01).Serum HMGB1 levels at 6 and 12 h for the Liuweiwuling tablet group were significantly lower than those of the control group(23.49 ± 3.89 vs58.6 ± 3.65,61.62 ± 13.07 vs 27.32 ± 5.97,P < 0.01).Furthermore,serum TNF-α and IL-1b levels at 12 h in the Liuweiwuling tablet group were also significantly lower than those of the control group(299.35 ± 50.61 vs 439.03 ± 63.59,57.42 ± 12.98 vs 160.07 ± 49.87,P < 0.01).Centrilobular necrosis was evident in liver tissue of mice with acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury,but was almost abolished in the Liuweiwuling tablet group.The expression levels of PCNA and Cyclin D1 were up-regulated in liver tissue in the Liuweiwuling tablet group(321.08 ± 32.87 vs 157.91 ± 21.52,196.37 ± 25.39 vs 68.72 ± 11.27,P < 0.01); however,expression of p21 in liver tissue was downregulated compared to that of the control group(40.26 ± 9.97 vs 138.24 ± 13.66,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Liuweiwuling tablets can attenuate acute liver injury by decreasing inflammatory cytokine(HMGB1,TNF-α and IL-1b) levels and promoting liver regeneration.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.81160065
文摘AIM: To determine the therapeutic potential of sphingosine kinase 1(Sphk1) inhibition and its underlying mechanism in a well-characterized mouse model of D-galactosamine(D-Gal N)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute liver failure(ALF).METHODS: Balb/c mice were randomly assigned to different groups,with ALF induced by intraperitoneal injection of D-Ga IN(600 mg/kg) and LPS(10 μg/kg). The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels at different time points within one week were determined using a multi-parametric analyzer. Serum high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-10,and sphingosine-1-phosphate were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatic morphological changes at 36 h after acute liver injury induction were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. HMGB1 expression in hepatocytes and cytoplasmic translocation were detected by immunohistochemistry. Expression of Sphk1 in liver tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was analyzed by Western blot.RESULTS: The expression of Sphk1 in liver tissue and PBMCs was upregulated in Gal N/LPS-induced ALF. Upregulated Sphk1 expression in liver tissue was mainly caused by Kupffer cells,the resident macrophages of the liver. The survival rates of mice in the N,Ndimethylsphingosine(DMS,a specific inhibitor of Sph K1) treatment group were significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.001). DMS treatment significantly decreased the levels of serum ALT and AST at 6,12,and 24 h compared with that of the control group(P < 0.01 for all). Serum HMGB1 levels at 6,12,and 24 h,as well as serum TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β levels at 12 h,were significantly lower in the DMS treatment group than in the control group(P < 0.01 for all). Furthermore,hepatic inflammation,necrosis,and HMGB1 cytoplasm translocation in liver cells were significantly decreased in the DMS treatment group compared to the control group(43.72% ± 5.51% vs 3.57% ± 0.83%,χ2 = 12.81,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Inhibition of Sph K1 ameliorates ALF by reducing HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation in liver cells,and so might be a potential therapeutic strategy for this disease.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.81160065
文摘AIM: To investigate the role of protein kinase C(PKC)-δ activation in the pathogenesis of acute liver failure(ALF) in a well-characterized mouse model of D-galactosamine(D-Gal N)/lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALF.METHODS: BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to five groups, and ALF was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of D-Ga IN(600 mg/kg) and LPS(10 μg/kg). Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels at different time points within one week were determined using a multiparameteric analyzer. Serum levels of high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1), tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 as well as nuclear factor(NF)-κB activity were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatic morphological changes at 36 h after ALF induction were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of PKC-δ in liver tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was analyzed by Western blot.RESULTS: The expression and activation of PKC-δ were up-regulated in liver tissue and PBMCs of mice with D-Gal N/LPS-induced ALF. Inhibition of PKC-δ activation with rottlerin significantly increased the survival rates and decreased serum ALT/AST levels at 6, 12 and 24 h compared with the control group(P < 0.001). Rottlerin treatment also significantly decreased serum levels of HMGB1 at 6, 12, and 24 h, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 β at 12 h compared with the control group(P < 0.01). The inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis in liver tissue were also decreased in the rottlerin treatment group. Furthermore, sphingosine kinase 1(Sph K1) dependent PKC-δ activation played an important role in promoting NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production in ALF.CONCLUSION: Sph K1 dependent PKC-δ activation plays an important role in promoting NF-κB activation and inflammatory response in ALF, and inhibition of PKC-δ activation might be a potential therapeutic strategy for this disease.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFB2003900)。
文摘Mixed-cation perovskite solar cells have attracted tremendous attention in space applications due to their excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability to light and heat.Although the evolution of photovoltaic performance in different space environments has been investigated,the role of inorganic cesium ions (Cs^(+)) in the enhancement of irradiation resistance needs to be further clarified.Herein,the structure and performance evolution of Cs-doped CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)(MAPbI_(3)) films and planar heterojunction devices under proton irradiation up to 1×10^(16)p cm^(-2) were studied.5%of Cs^(+) doping can increase the cohesive energy of MAPbI_(3)and effectively alleviate the lattice strain induced by proton irradiation,thereby enhancing the crystallinity and stability of films.The bandgap changes of irradiated Cs_(0.05)MA_(0.95)PbI_(3) films under the identical fluence were only one third of that of MAPbI_(3) films.Upon irradiation under the fluence of 1×10^(14)p cm^(-2),the density of trap states in the undoped and 5%Cs-doped films increased by 71%and 9%,respectively,and the average PCE of 20 corresponding devices decreased only by 12%and 9%,respectively.This proves that the replacement of organic methylamine ion with inorganic cesium ion contributes to the improvement of MAPbI_(3) resistance to proton irradiation,thus confirming the application prospects of mixed-cation or all-inorganic perovskite solar cells in spacecraft.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2022YFA1603701, 2021YFA1200900)the institutionalized scientific research platform relies on Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility of Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB36000000)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22027810, 82341044,22388101 and 22307028)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS 2019-I2M-5-018)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation。
文摘With the advancement of modern science and technology, large scientific facilities are increasingly oriented toward demand and application, and can be used for basic research as well as serving multiple disciplines. Developing large scientific facilities and related analytical technologies enhances understanding of large scientific facilities and popularizes their application in research across multiple disciplines. The combination of light or neutron sources from large scientific facilities and advanced analytical technologies can be achieved for materials structure information, dynamics study of chemical reactions, high dissociation of biomolecules, 3D visualization of energy materials or biological samples, etc. We first introduce the progress of domestic large scientific facilities of synchrotron radiation(SR) and free electron lasers(FELs) with different wavelengths and neutron sources.We further discuss the comparison between Chinese and typical foreign facilities in X-ray radiation from X-ray tubes, synchrotrons, X-ray FELs, and neutron sources based on physical parameters of light and neutron sources. In addition, we focus on the technological progress and perspectives combined with advanced X-ray radiation and neutron sources of large scientific facilities in China, especially in the nanoscience fields of energy catalysis and biological science. We hope that this roadmap will provide references on technology and methods to experimental users, as well as prospects for future development of technologies based on large research infrastructure facilities. Comprehensive studies and guidelines for basic research to practical application in various disciplines can be made with the assistance of large scientific facilities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 32130031 and 32000248)the Major Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2022hszd017)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grants 2021M702525 and BX20200256).
文摘Crop breeding schemes can be significantly accelerated by using(doubled)haploid plants.In vivo haploid induction has been applied in plant breeding for decades but is still not available for all crops and genotypes,and haploidization rates are generally very low.Therefore,methodological improvements to and new concepts for haploidization are required.Here,we report a novel system for the induction of haploid plants by mutating genes encoding egg cell-specific aspartic endopeptidases(ECSs).We show that after successful sperm–egg cell fusion,ECSs play a critical role to ensure male and female nucleus fusion after fertilization.The ecs1 ecs2 double mutant can induce haploids by both selfing and hybridization in Arabidopsis and ECS mutation is also capable of producing haploids in rice.In summary,our study develops a novel approach for maternal haploidization and provides new insights into the molecular basis of fertilization.
