AIM:To provide the direct evidence for the crucial role of trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO)in vascular permeability and endothelial cell dysfunction under diabetic condition.METHODS:The role of TMAO on the in vitro biolog...AIM:To provide the direct evidence for the crucial role of trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO)in vascular permeability and endothelial cell dysfunction under diabetic condition.METHODS:The role of TMAO on the in vitro biological effect of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMEC)under high glucose conditions was tested by a cell counting kit,wound healing,a transwell and a tube formation assay.The inflammation-related gene expression affected by TMAO was tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The expression of the cell junction was measured by Western blotting(WB)and immunofluorescence staining.In addition,two groups of rat models,diabetic and non-diabetic,were fed with normal or 0.1%TMAO for 16wk,and their plasma levels of TMAO,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αwere tested.The vascular permeability of rat retinas was measured using FITC-Dextran,and the expression of zonula occludens(ZO)-1 and claudin-5 in rat retinas was detected by WB or immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS:TMAO administration significantly increased the cell proliferation,migration,and tube formation of primary HRMEC either in normal or high-glucose conditions.RT-PCR showed elevated inflammation-related gene expression of HRMEC under TMAO stimulation,while WB or immunofluorescence staining indicated decreased cell junction ZO-1 and occludin expression after high-glucose and TMAO treatment.Diabetic rats showed higher plasma levels of TMAO as well as retinal vascular leakage,which were even higher in TMAO-feeding diabetic rats.Furthermore,TMAO administration increased the rat plasma levels of VEGF,IL-6 and TNF-αwhile decreasing the retinal expression levels of ZO-1 and claudin-5.CONCLUSION:TMAO enhances the proliferation,migration,and tube formation of HRMEC,as well as destroys their vascular integrity and tight connection.It also regulates the expression of VEGF,IL-6,and TNF-α.展开更多
AIM: To clarify the effect of autophagy on human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) under high glucose conditions.METHODS: HLECs were cultured with different concentrations of glucose and 3-methyladenine (3-MA);the express...AIM: To clarify the effect of autophagy on human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) under high glucose conditions.METHODS: HLECs were cultured with different concentrations of glucose and 3-methyladenine (3-MA);the expression of autophagy-related protein LC3B was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence histochemistry. The migration of HLECs was quantified by scratch wound assay and the expression of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: Compared with 5 mmol/L normal glucose treatment, 40 mmol/L glucose treatment can significantly increase the gen eration of autophagosome in HLECs, which could be inhibited by 0.375 mmol/L 3-MA treatment. The migration of HLECs and the expression of TGF-β in HLECs induced by high glucose were significantly suppressed by 0.375 mmol/L 3-MA treatment.CONCLUSION: Autophagy promotes HLECs cell migration and increases the expression of TGF-β after exposed to high glucose, which may relate to the development of diabetic cataract.展开更多
AIM:To predict postoperative intraocular lens(IOL)position using the Sirius anterior segment analysis system and investigate the effect of lens position and IOL type on postoperative refraction.METHODS:A total of 97 p...AIM:To predict postoperative intraocular lens(IOL)position using the Sirius anterior segment analysis system and investigate the effect of lens position and IOL type on postoperative refraction.METHODS:A total of 97 patients(102 eyes)were enrolled in the final analysis.An anterior segment biometry measurement was performed preoperatively with Sirius and Lenstar.The results of predicted lens position(PLP)and IOL power were automatically calculated by the software used by the instruments.Effective lens position(ELP)was measured manually using Sirius 3 mo postoperatively.Pearson's correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to determine the correlation of lens position to other parameters.RESULTS:PLP and ELP were positively correlated to axial length(AL;r=0.42,P<0.0001 and r=0.49,P<0.0001,respectively).There was a weak correlation between the peLP(ELP-PLP)and the prediction error of spherical refraction(peSR;r=0.34,P<0.0001).The peLP of Softec HD IOL differed statistically from those of both the TECNIS ZCB00 and Sensor AR40E IOLs.Multiple linear regression was used to obtain the prediction formula:ELP=0.66+0.63×[aqueous depth(AQD)+0.6 LT](r=0.61,P<0.0001),and a new variable(AQD+0.6 LT)was found to have the strongest correlation with ELP.CONCLUSION:The Sirius anterior segment analysis system is helpful to predict ELP,which reduces postoperative refraction error.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the trends and changes in the number and rates of disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)and prevalence of cataract in China between 1990 and 2019,and to predict the trends of cataract burden from 2020 t...AIM:To evaluate the trends and changes in the number and rates of disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)and prevalence of cataract in China between 1990 and 2019,and to predict the trends of cataract burden from 2020 to 2030.METHODS:The Global Burden of Diseases(GBD)database was employed to collect the data on DALYs and the prevalence of cataract in China,which was distinguished by age and sex during the past three decades from 1990 to 2019,and then changes in the number and rates of cataract from 2020 to 2030 were predicted.All data were analyzed by the R program(version 4.2.2)and GraphPad Prism 9.0 statistics software.RESULTS:The number of DALYs of cataract increased from 449322.84 in 1990 to 1087987.61 in 2019,number of cataract cases increased from 5607600.94 in 1990 to 18142568.96 in 2019.The age-standardized DALY rates(ASDR)generally increased slightly[estimated annual percentage change(EAPC=0.1;95%CI:-0.24 to 0.45)],age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)also increased(EAPC=0.88;95%CI:0.6 to 1.15).Cataract burden increased with age and female gender.Among the causes of cataract,air pollution was the most important,followed by smoking,high fasting plasma glucose,and high body mass index(BMI).The burden of cataract is predicted to grow persistently from 2020 to 2030,the number of DALYs and prevalence for cataract will rise to 2336431 and 43698620 respectively by 2030,the ASDR is predicted to be 85/100000 and ASPR will be 1586/100000 in 2030,females will still be at greater risk of suffering from cataract than males.CONCLUSION:The burden of cataract in China kept rising from 1990 to 2019.Increasing age and female gender are risk factors for cataract.Air pollution,smoking,high fasting plasma glucose,and high BMI are associated with cataract.The burden of cataract in China will gradually increase from 2020 to 2030,the elderly women in particular need attention.Our results may be of help for providing reference strategies to reduce cataract burden in the near future.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound cycloplasty(UCP)for glaucoma.METHODS:A comprehensive search of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases was used to select studies met the inclusi...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound cycloplasty(UCP)for glaucoma.METHODS:A comprehensive search of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases was used to select studies met the inclusion criteria.Metaanalysis was performed by Review Manager and StataCorp LLC.RESULTS:A total of 19 articles met the inclusion criteria.Overall,UCP is effective and safe in the glaucoma treatment,the risk ratio(RR)of the success rate was 2.28(95%CI,1.82-2.84).After UCP,patients had a significant reduction in intraocular pressure(IOP;mm Hg),the weighted mean difference(WMD)was 11.39(95%CI,9.88-12.90).In addition,UCP brings fewer postoperative complications with RR of 0.30(95%CI,0.19-0.49).Most of the complications were short-term and mild.Postoperatively,patients’use of IOP-lowering medications reduced,the standardized mean difference(SMD)was 0.78(95%CI,0.40-1.17).However,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA;logMAR)did not have obvious improvement after UCP,the WMD was 0.01(95%CI,-0.06-0.09).This procedure does provide painfulness relief,with RR of 3.06(95%CI,1.95-4.81).CONCLUSION:UCP is effective and safe for suitable glaucoma.It can effectively decrease IOP in glaucoma patients,reduce the patients’dependence on IOP-lowering medications after surgery,relief the painfulness and has fewer long-term or severe postoperative complications,but the BCVA did not improve much.展开更多
AIM:To describe the subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap technique for the microscopic reconstruction of eyelid defects and evaluate its outcomes.METHODS:The clinical data of 23 patients(23 eyes)who underwent microsco...AIM:To describe the subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap technique for the microscopic reconstruction of eyelid defects and evaluate its outcomes.METHODS:The clinical data of 23 patients(23 eyes)who underwent microscopic reconstruction of eyelid defects with the subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap technique were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent eyelid tumor resection and one-stage microscopic reconstruction with the subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap for anterioror posterior-layer eyelid defects.The survival rate of the propeller flap,eyelid function and appearance,tumor recurrence rate,and patient satisfaction were evaluated after the surgery.RESULTS:The patients consisted of 12 men and 11 women,aged 31–82y(mean,58.9y).The longest followup time was 5y,and the shortest was 3mo.All the propeller flaps survived well.There was no significant difference in color and luster between the flap and adjacent tissues,and there was no dog ear phenomenon.No obvious scarring was observed.There were no obvious abnormalities of eyelid morphology or function,and no adverse complications such as exposure keratitis,entropion,ectropion,ptosis,and eyelid retraction.No tumor recurrence was found at the time of the last follow-up.All patients were satisfied with the surgical results.CONCLUSION:The subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap technique for the microscopic reconstruction of eyelid defects has satisfactor y outcomes in terms of eyelid function and esthetics,and merits clinical application.展开更多
Keratoconus is a condition characterized by biomechanical instability of the cornea, presenting in a progressive, asymmetric and bilateral way. Corneal collagen crosslinking(CXL) with riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A(UVA)...Keratoconus is a condition characterized by biomechanical instability of the cornea, presenting in a progressive, asymmetric and bilateral way. Corneal collagen crosslinking(CXL) with riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A(UVA) is a new technique of corneal tissue strengthening that combines the use of riboflavin as a photo sensitizer and UVA irradiation. Studies showed that CXL was effective in halting the progression of keratoconus over a period of up to four years. The published studies also revealed a reduction of max K readings by more than 2 D, while the postoperative spherical equivalent(SEQ) was reduced by an average of more than 1 D and refractive cylinder decreased by about1 D. The major indication for the use of CXL is to inhibit the progression of corneal ecstasies, such as keratoconus and pellucid marginal degeneration. CXL may also be effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of iatrogenic keratectasia, resulting from excessively aggressive photo ablation. This treatment has been used to treat infectious corneal ulcers with apparent favorable results. Most recent studies demonstrate the beneficial impact of CXL for iatrogenic ecstasies, pellucid marginal degeneration, infectious keratitis, bullous keratopathy and ulcerative keratitis. Several long-term and short-term complications of CXL have been studied and documented. The possibility of a secondary infection after the procedure exists because the patient is subject to epithelial debridement and the application of a soft contact lens. Formation of temporary corneal haze,permanent scars, endothelial damage, treatment failure,sterile infiltrates, bullous keratopathy and herpes reactivation are the other reported complications of this procedure.展开更多
AIM: To compare the optic disc blood flow of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION) eyes with normal eyes. METHODS: The optic disc blood flow densities of diagnosed non-acute phase NAION eyes(21 eyes, 14 indiv...AIM: To compare the optic disc blood flow of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION) eyes with normal eyes. METHODS: The optic disc blood flow densities of diagnosed non-acute phase NAION eyes(21 eyes, 14 individuals) and normal eyes(19 eyes, 12 individuals) were detected via Optovue optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA). The optic disc blood flow was measured via Image J software. Correlations between optic disc perfusion and visual function variables were assessed by linear regression analysis.RESULTS: The average percentage of the optic disc nonperfusion areas in the non-acute phase NAION patients(17.84%±6.18%) was increased, when compared to the normal control eyes(8.61%±1.65%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). Moreover, there was a proportional correlation between the visual field mean defect(MD) and the optic disc non-perfusion area percentage, and the relationship was statistically significant(t=3.65, P<0.01, R^2=0.4118). In addition, the critical correlation between the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) and the optic disc non-perfusion area percentage was statistically significant(t=4.32, P<0.01, R^2=0.4957).CONCLUSION: The optic disc non-perfusion area percentages detected via OCTA in NAION eyes were significantly increased when compared with the normal eyes. Both the BCVA and MD were correlated with the optic disc flow detected, revealing that OCTA may be valuable in the diagnosis and estimation of NAION.展开更多
AIM: To explore the interaction between macrophages and chemokines [monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1/CCL2) and fractalkine/CX3CL1] and the effects of their interaction on neovascularization.METHODS: Human peri...AIM: To explore the interaction between macrophages and chemokines [monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1/CCL2) and fractalkine/CX3CL1] and the effects of their interaction on neovascularization.METHODS: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, donated by healthy volunteers, were separated and cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, then induced into macrophages by stimulation with 30 μg/L granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF). The expression of CCR2 and/or CX3CR1 in the macrophages was examined using flow cytometry. Macrophages were then stimulated with recombinant human CCL2(rh-CCL2) or recombinant human CX3CL1(rh-CX3CL1). The expression of angiogenesis-related genes, including VEGF-A, THBS-1 and ADAMTS-1 were examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Supernatants from stimulated macrophages were used in an assay of human retinal endothelial cell(HREC) proliferation. Finally, stimulated macrophages were cocultured with HREC in a migration assay.RESULTS: The expression rate of CCR2 in macrophages stimulated by GM-CSF was 42%±1.9%. The expression rate of CX3CR1 was 71%±3.3%. Compared with vehicle-treated groups, gene expression of VEGF-A in the macrophages was greater in 150 mg/L CCL2-treated groups(P<0.05), while expression of THBS-1 and ADAMTS-1 was significantly lower(P<0.05). By contrast, compared with vehicle-treated groups, expression of VEGF-A in 150 mg/L CX3CL1-treated groups was significantly lower(P<0.05), while expression of THBS-1 and ADAMTS-1 was greater(P<0.05). Supernatants from CCL2 treated macrophages promoted proliferation of HREC(P<0.05), while supernatants from CX3CL1-treated macrophages inhibited the proliferation of HREC(P<0.05). HREC migration increased when co-cultured with CCL2-treated macrophages, but decreased with CX3CL1-treated macrophages(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: CCL2 and CX3CL1 exert different effects in regulation of macrophage in expression of angiogenesisrelated factors, including VEGF-A, THBS-1 and ADAMTS-1. Our findings suggest that CCL2 and CX3CL1 may be candidate proteins for further exploration of novel targets for treatment of ocular neovascularization.展开更多
AIM: To explore the effects and mechanism of vascular endothelial cadherin(VE-cadherin) on experimental corneal neovascularization(CRNV).·METHODS: Mouse corneas were burned with sodium hydroxide to build a CRNV m...AIM: To explore the effects and mechanism of vascular endothelial cadherin(VE-cadherin) on experimental corneal neovascularization(CRNV).·METHODS: Mouse corneas were burned with sodium hydroxide to build a CRNV model. The burned corneas were locally administrated with anti-mouse VE-cadherin neutralizing antibody. Annexin V and cluster of differentiation 31(CD31) double staining was used to measure vascular endothelial cell apoptosis with the use of flow cytometry(FCM). The protein expression of NADPH oxidase 2(Nox2), caspase-3, and protein kinase C(PKC) in the burned corneas were examined by Western blot. Human retinal endothelial cell(HREC)proliferation was detected using a Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK-8) assay in vitro.·RESULTS: The amount of CRNV peaked two weeks after the alkali burn. FCM confirmed that VE-cadherin neutralizing antibody treatment increased CD31 positive cell apoptosis. Western blot revealed that the intracorneal protein expression of Nox2 and caspase-3 were up-regulated, while PKC was down-regulated in the VE-cadherin neutralizing antibody administrated group.CCK-8 assay showed that VE-cadherin neutralizing antibody markedly inhibited HREC proliferation.·CONCLUSION: VE-cadherin exhibited an anti-apoptosis effect through enhanced PKC signaling and an enhanced cell proliferation pathway.展开更多
AIM:To analyze the retinal proteomes with and without conbercept treatments in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR)and identify proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms mediated by conbercept.METHODS:OIR was...AIM:To analyze the retinal proteomes with and without conbercept treatments in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR)and identify proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms mediated by conbercept.METHODS:OIR was induced in fifty-six C57 BL/6 J mouse pups and randomly divided into four groups.Group 1:Normal17(n=7),mice without OIR and treated with normal air.Group 2:OIR12/EXP1(n=14),mice received 75%oxygen from postnatal day(P)7 to 12.Group 3:OIR17/Control(n=14),mice received 75%oxygen from P7 to P12 and then normal air to P17.Group 4:Lang17/EXP2(n=21),mice received 75%oxygen from P7 to P12 with intravitreal injection of 1μL conbercept at the concentration of 10 mg/m L at P12,and then normal air from P12 to P17.Liquid ChromatographyMass Spectrometry(LC-MS)/MS data were reviewed to find proteins that were up-regulated after the conbercept treatment.Gene ontology(GO)analysis was performed of conbercept-mediated changes in proteins involved in single-organism processes,biological regulation,cellular processes,immune responses,metabolic processes,locomotion and multiple-organism processes.RESULTS:Conbercept induced a reversal of hypoxiainducible factor 1 signaling pathway as revealed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis and also induced down-regulation of proteins involved in blood coagulation and fibrin clot formation as demonstrated by the Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery(DAVID)and the stimulation of interferon genes studies.These appear to be risk factors of retinal fibrosis.Additional conbercept-specific fibrosis risk factors were also identified and may serve as therapeutic targets for fibrosis.CONCLUSION:Our studies reveal that many novel proteins are differentially regulated by conbercept.The new insights may warrant a valuable resource for conbercept treatment.展开更多
AIM: To determine the thickness of the retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer(GCIPL) and the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) in patients with neuromyelitis optica(NMO).METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional stud...AIM: To determine the thickness of the retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer(GCIPL) and the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) in patients with neuromyelitis optica(NMO).METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 30 NMO patients with a total of 60 eyes. Based on the presence or absence of optic neuritis(ON), subjects were divided into either the NMO-ON group(30 eyes) or the NMO-ON contra group(10 eyes). A detailed ophthalmologic examination was performed for each group; subsequently, the GCIPL and the RNFL were measured using highdefinition optical coherence tomography(OCT). RESULTS: In the NMO-ON group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 69.28±21.12 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 66.02±10.02 μm, and the RNFL thickness were 109.33±11.23, 110.47±3.10, 64.92±12.71 and 71.21±50.22 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. In the NMO-ON contra group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 85.12±17.09 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 25.39±25.1 μm, and the RNFL thicknesses were 148.33±23.22, 126.36±23.45, 82.21±22.30 and 83.36±31.28 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. In the control group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 86.98±22.37 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 85.28±10.75 μm, and the RNFL thicknesses were 150.22±22.73, 154.79±60.23, 82.33±7.01 and 85.62±13.81 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. The GCIPL and RNFL were thinner in the NMO-ON contra group than in the control group(P<0.05); additionally, the RNFL was thinner in the inferior quadrant in the NMO-ON group than in the control group(P<0.05). Significant correlations were observed between the GCIPL and RNFL thickness measurements as well as between thickness measurements and the two visual field parameters of mean deviation(MD) and corrected pattern standard deviation(PSD) in the NMO-ON group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The thickness of the GCIPL and RNFL, as measured using OCT, may indicate optic nerve damage in patients with NMO.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of blockade of insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1) on the bio-function of tube formation of human choroidal endothelial cells(HCECs).METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymeras...AIM: To investigate the effects of blockade of insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1) on the bio-function of tube formation of human choroidal endothelial cells(HCECs).METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to determine the expression level of IRS-1 and phospho-IRS-1 in HCECs. Tube formation of HCECs was analyzed using three dimensional in vitro Matrigel assay with or without IRS-1 blockage via IRS-1 inhibitor(GS-101) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2) inhibitor. In addition, cell counting kit(CCK)-8 and Transwell migration assay were exerted to analyze the effects of blockade of IRS-1 on the bio-function of proliferation and migration of HCECs, respectively. The apoptosis of HCECs was examined using flow cytometry(FCM).RESULTS: RT-PCR and Western blot revealed that IRS-1 phospho-IRS-1 were expressed in HCECs and the expression level was enhanced by stimulation of VEGF-A. The number of tube formation was decreased significantly in GS-101 treated groups compared to phosphate buffered saline(PBS) treated control groups. Furthermore, both cell proliferation and migration of HCECs were decreased in the presence of GS-101. FCM analysis showed that the apoptosis of HCECs was enhanced when the cells were treated with GS-101. Western blot also showed that the expression level of cleaved-caspase 3 in GS-101 treated group was higher than that in control group.CONCLUSION: Blockade of IRS-1 can inhibit tube formation of HCECs through reducing cell proliferation and migration and promoting cell apoptosis.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation in China(No.81671641)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Team(No.CXTDA2017039)Gusu Health Talents Program(No.GSWS 2022018).
文摘AIM:To provide the direct evidence for the crucial role of trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO)in vascular permeability and endothelial cell dysfunction under diabetic condition.METHODS:The role of TMAO on the in vitro biological effect of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMEC)under high glucose conditions was tested by a cell counting kit,wound healing,a transwell and a tube formation assay.The inflammation-related gene expression affected by TMAO was tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The expression of the cell junction was measured by Western blotting(WB)and immunofluorescence staining.In addition,two groups of rat models,diabetic and non-diabetic,were fed with normal or 0.1%TMAO for 16wk,and their plasma levels of TMAO,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αwere tested.The vascular permeability of rat retinas was measured using FITC-Dextran,and the expression of zonula occludens(ZO)-1 and claudin-5 in rat retinas was detected by WB or immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS:TMAO administration significantly increased the cell proliferation,migration,and tube formation of primary HRMEC either in normal or high-glucose conditions.RT-PCR showed elevated inflammation-related gene expression of HRMEC under TMAO stimulation,while WB or immunofluorescence staining indicated decreased cell junction ZO-1 and occludin expression after high-glucose and TMAO treatment.Diabetic rats showed higher plasma levels of TMAO as well as retinal vascular leakage,which were even higher in TMAO-feeding diabetic rats.Furthermore,TMAO administration increased the rat plasma levels of VEGF,IL-6 and TNF-αwhile decreasing the retinal expression levels of ZO-1 and claudin-5.CONCLUSION:TMAO enhances the proliferation,migration,and tube formation of HRMEC,as well as destroys their vascular integrity and tight connection.It also regulates the expression of VEGF,IL-6,and TNF-α.
基金Supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(No.81671641)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20151208)+1 种基金Jiangsu Province’s Outstanding Medical Academic Leader Program(No.CXTDA2017039)Soochow Scholar Project of Soochow University(No.R5122001)
文摘AIM: To clarify the effect of autophagy on human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) under high glucose conditions.METHODS: HLECs were cultured with different concentrations of glucose and 3-methyladenine (3-MA);the expression of autophagy-related protein LC3B was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence histochemistry. The migration of HLECs was quantified by scratch wound assay and the expression of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: Compared with 5 mmol/L normal glucose treatment, 40 mmol/L glucose treatment can significantly increase the gen eration of autophagosome in HLECs, which could be inhibited by 0.375 mmol/L 3-MA treatment. The migration of HLECs and the expression of TGF-β in HLECs induced by high glucose were significantly suppressed by 0.375 mmol/L 3-MA treatment.CONCLUSION: Autophagy promotes HLECs cell migration and increases the expression of TGF-β after exposed to high glucose, which may relate to the development of diabetic cataract.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Team(No.CXTDA2017039)the Soochow Scholar Project of Soochow University(No.R5122001)。
文摘AIM:To predict postoperative intraocular lens(IOL)position using the Sirius anterior segment analysis system and investigate the effect of lens position and IOL type on postoperative refraction.METHODS:A total of 97 patients(102 eyes)were enrolled in the final analysis.An anterior segment biometry measurement was performed preoperatively with Sirius and Lenstar.The results of predicted lens position(PLP)and IOL power were automatically calculated by the software used by the instruments.Effective lens position(ELP)was measured manually using Sirius 3 mo postoperatively.Pearson's correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to determine the correlation of lens position to other parameters.RESULTS:PLP and ELP were positively correlated to axial length(AL;r=0.42,P<0.0001 and r=0.49,P<0.0001,respectively).There was a weak correlation between the peLP(ELP-PLP)and the prediction error of spherical refraction(peSR;r=0.34,P<0.0001).The peLP of Softec HD IOL differed statistically from those of both the TECNIS ZCB00 and Sensor AR40E IOLs.Multiple linear regression was used to obtain the prediction formula:ELP=0.66+0.63×[aqueous depth(AQD)+0.6 LT](r=0.61,P<0.0001),and a new variable(AQD+0.6 LT)was found to have the strongest correlation with ELP.CONCLUSION:The Sirius anterior segment analysis system is helpful to predict ELP,which reduces postoperative refraction error.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the trends and changes in the number and rates of disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)and prevalence of cataract in China between 1990 and 2019,and to predict the trends of cataract burden from 2020 to 2030.METHODS:The Global Burden of Diseases(GBD)database was employed to collect the data on DALYs and the prevalence of cataract in China,which was distinguished by age and sex during the past three decades from 1990 to 2019,and then changes in the number and rates of cataract from 2020 to 2030 were predicted.All data were analyzed by the R program(version 4.2.2)and GraphPad Prism 9.0 statistics software.RESULTS:The number of DALYs of cataract increased from 449322.84 in 1990 to 1087987.61 in 2019,number of cataract cases increased from 5607600.94 in 1990 to 18142568.96 in 2019.The age-standardized DALY rates(ASDR)generally increased slightly[estimated annual percentage change(EAPC=0.1;95%CI:-0.24 to 0.45)],age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)also increased(EAPC=0.88;95%CI:0.6 to 1.15).Cataract burden increased with age and female gender.Among the causes of cataract,air pollution was the most important,followed by smoking,high fasting plasma glucose,and high body mass index(BMI).The burden of cataract is predicted to grow persistently from 2020 to 2030,the number of DALYs and prevalence for cataract will rise to 2336431 and 43698620 respectively by 2030,the ASDR is predicted to be 85/100000 and ASPR will be 1586/100000 in 2030,females will still be at greater risk of suffering from cataract than males.CONCLUSION:The burden of cataract in China kept rising from 1990 to 2019.Increasing age and female gender are risk factors for cataract.Air pollution,smoking,high fasting plasma glucose,and high BMI are associated with cataract.The burden of cataract in China will gradually increase from 2020 to 2030,the elderly women in particular need attention.Our results may be of help for providing reference strategies to reduce cataract burden in the near future.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound cycloplasty(UCP)for glaucoma.METHODS:A comprehensive search of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases was used to select studies met the inclusion criteria.Metaanalysis was performed by Review Manager and StataCorp LLC.RESULTS:A total of 19 articles met the inclusion criteria.Overall,UCP is effective and safe in the glaucoma treatment,the risk ratio(RR)of the success rate was 2.28(95%CI,1.82-2.84).After UCP,patients had a significant reduction in intraocular pressure(IOP;mm Hg),the weighted mean difference(WMD)was 11.39(95%CI,9.88-12.90).In addition,UCP brings fewer postoperative complications with RR of 0.30(95%CI,0.19-0.49).Most of the complications were short-term and mild.Postoperatively,patients’use of IOP-lowering medications reduced,the standardized mean difference(SMD)was 0.78(95%CI,0.40-1.17).However,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA;logMAR)did not have obvious improvement after UCP,the WMD was 0.01(95%CI,-0.06-0.09).This procedure does provide painfulness relief,with RR of 3.06(95%CI,1.95-4.81).CONCLUSION:UCP is effective and safe for suitable glaucoma.It can effectively decrease IOP in glaucoma patients,reduce the patients’dependence on IOP-lowering medications after surgery,relief the painfulness and has fewer long-term or severe postoperative complications,but the BCVA did not improve much.
基金Supported by the Young Talent Program of Gusu Health Project(No.GSWS2020014)。
文摘AIM:To describe the subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap technique for the microscopic reconstruction of eyelid defects and evaluate its outcomes.METHODS:The clinical data of 23 patients(23 eyes)who underwent microscopic reconstruction of eyelid defects with the subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap technique were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent eyelid tumor resection and one-stage microscopic reconstruction with the subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap for anterioror posterior-layer eyelid defects.The survival rate of the propeller flap,eyelid function and appearance,tumor recurrence rate,and patient satisfaction were evaluated after the surgery.RESULTS:The patients consisted of 12 men and 11 women,aged 31–82y(mean,58.9y).The longest followup time was 5y,and the shortest was 3mo.All the propeller flaps survived well.There was no significant difference in color and luster between the flap and adjacent tissues,and there was no dog ear phenomenon.No obvious scarring was observed.There were no obvious abnormalities of eyelid morphology or function,and no adverse complications such as exposure keratitis,entropion,ectropion,ptosis,and eyelid retraction.No tumor recurrence was found at the time of the last follow-up.All patients were satisfied with the surgical results.CONCLUSION:The subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap technique for the microscopic reconstruction of eyelid defects has satisfactor y outcomes in terms of eyelid function and esthetics,and merits clinical application.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Province's Key Provincial Talents Program(RC2011104)
文摘Keratoconus is a condition characterized by biomechanical instability of the cornea, presenting in a progressive, asymmetric and bilateral way. Corneal collagen crosslinking(CXL) with riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A(UVA) is a new technique of corneal tissue strengthening that combines the use of riboflavin as a photo sensitizer and UVA irradiation. Studies showed that CXL was effective in halting the progression of keratoconus over a period of up to four years. The published studies also revealed a reduction of max K readings by more than 2 D, while the postoperative spherical equivalent(SEQ) was reduced by an average of more than 1 D and refractive cylinder decreased by about1 D. The major indication for the use of CXL is to inhibit the progression of corneal ecstasies, such as keratoconus and pellucid marginal degeneration. CXL may also be effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of iatrogenic keratectasia, resulting from excessively aggressive photo ablation. This treatment has been used to treat infectious corneal ulcers with apparent favorable results. Most recent studies demonstrate the beneficial impact of CXL for iatrogenic ecstasies, pellucid marginal degeneration, infectious keratitis, bullous keratopathy and ulcerative keratitis. Several long-term and short-term complications of CXL have been studied and documented. The possibility of a secondary infection after the procedure exists because the patient is subject to epithelial debridement and the application of a soft contact lens. Formation of temporary corneal haze,permanent scars, endothelial damage, treatment failure,sterile infiltrates, bullous keratopathy and herpes reactivation are the other reported complications of this procedure.
基金Supported in part by Jiangsu Province’s Outstanding Medical Academic Leader Program (No.CXTDA2017039)the Soochow Scholar Project of Soochow University
文摘AIM: To compare the optic disc blood flow of non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION) eyes with normal eyes. METHODS: The optic disc blood flow densities of diagnosed non-acute phase NAION eyes(21 eyes, 14 individuals) and normal eyes(19 eyes, 12 individuals) were detected via Optovue optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA). The optic disc blood flow was measured via Image J software. Correlations between optic disc perfusion and visual function variables were assessed by linear regression analysis.RESULTS: The average percentage of the optic disc nonperfusion areas in the non-acute phase NAION patients(17.84%±6.18%) was increased, when compared to the normal control eyes(8.61%±1.65%), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). Moreover, there was a proportional correlation between the visual field mean defect(MD) and the optic disc non-perfusion area percentage, and the relationship was statistically significant(t=3.65, P<0.01, R^2=0.4118). In addition, the critical correlation between the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) and the optic disc non-perfusion area percentage was statistically significant(t=4.32, P<0.01, R^2=0.4957).CONCLUSION: The optic disc non-perfusion area percentages detected via OCTA in NAION eyes were significantly increased when compared with the normal eyes. Both the BCVA and MD were correlated with the optic disc flow detected, revealing that OCTA may be valuable in the diagnosis and estimation of NAION.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30972712No.31600736+5 种基金No.81671641)Jiangsu Province’s Key Provincial Talents Program(No.RC2011104)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20151208)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent(No.QNRC2016718)the Soochow Scholar Project of Soochow University(No.R5122001)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Team(No.CXTDA2017039)
文摘AIM: To explore the interaction between macrophages and chemokines [monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1/CCL2) and fractalkine/CX3CL1] and the effects of their interaction on neovascularization.METHODS: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, donated by healthy volunteers, were separated and cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, then induced into macrophages by stimulation with 30 μg/L granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF). The expression of CCR2 and/or CX3CR1 in the macrophages was examined using flow cytometry. Macrophages were then stimulated with recombinant human CCL2(rh-CCL2) or recombinant human CX3CL1(rh-CX3CL1). The expression of angiogenesis-related genes, including VEGF-A, THBS-1 and ADAMTS-1 were examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Supernatants from stimulated macrophages were used in an assay of human retinal endothelial cell(HREC) proliferation. Finally, stimulated macrophages were cocultured with HREC in a migration assay.RESULTS: The expression rate of CCR2 in macrophages stimulated by GM-CSF was 42%±1.9%. The expression rate of CX3CR1 was 71%±3.3%. Compared with vehicle-treated groups, gene expression of VEGF-A in the macrophages was greater in 150 mg/L CCL2-treated groups(P<0.05), while expression of THBS-1 and ADAMTS-1 was significantly lower(P<0.05). By contrast, compared with vehicle-treated groups, expression of VEGF-A in 150 mg/L CX3CL1-treated groups was significantly lower(P<0.05), while expression of THBS-1 and ADAMTS-1 was greater(P<0.05). Supernatants from CCL2 treated macrophages promoted proliferation of HREC(P<0.05), while supernatants from CX3CL1-treated macrophages inhibited the proliferation of HREC(P<0.05). HREC migration increased when co-cultured with CCL2-treated macrophages, but decreased with CX3CL1-treated macrophages(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: CCL2 and CX3CL1 exert different effects in regulation of macrophage in expression of angiogenesisrelated factors, including VEGF-A, THBS-1 and ADAMTS-1. Our findings suggest that CCL2 and CX3CL1 may be candidate proteins for further exploration of novel targets for treatment of ocular neovascularization.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81200727No.30972712)+2 种基金Jiangsu Province's Key Provincial Talents Program (No.RC2011104)Suzhou Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No.SYS201448)the Soochow Scholar Project of Soochow University
文摘AIM: To explore the effects and mechanism of vascular endothelial cadherin(VE-cadherin) on experimental corneal neovascularization(CRNV).·METHODS: Mouse corneas were burned with sodium hydroxide to build a CRNV model. The burned corneas were locally administrated with anti-mouse VE-cadherin neutralizing antibody. Annexin V and cluster of differentiation 31(CD31) double staining was used to measure vascular endothelial cell apoptosis with the use of flow cytometry(FCM). The protein expression of NADPH oxidase 2(Nox2), caspase-3, and protein kinase C(PKC) in the burned corneas were examined by Western blot. Human retinal endothelial cell(HREC)proliferation was detected using a Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK-8) assay in vitro.·RESULTS: The amount of CRNV peaked two weeks after the alkali burn. FCM confirmed that VE-cadherin neutralizing antibody treatment increased CD31 positive cell apoptosis. Western blot revealed that the intracorneal protein expression of Nox2 and caspase-3 were up-regulated, while PKC was down-regulated in the VE-cadherin neutralizing antibody administrated group.CCK-8 assay showed that VE-cadherin neutralizing antibody markedly inhibited HREC proliferation.·CONCLUSION: VE-cadherin exhibited an anti-apoptosis effect through enhanced PKC signaling and an enhanced cell proliferation pathway.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81671641)Suzhou Science and Technology Fund of China(No.SYS2020137)。
文摘AIM:To analyze the retinal proteomes with and without conbercept treatments in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR)and identify proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms mediated by conbercept.METHODS:OIR was induced in fifty-six C57 BL/6 J mouse pups and randomly divided into four groups.Group 1:Normal17(n=7),mice without OIR and treated with normal air.Group 2:OIR12/EXP1(n=14),mice received 75%oxygen from postnatal day(P)7 to 12.Group 3:OIR17/Control(n=14),mice received 75%oxygen from P7 to P12 and then normal air to P17.Group 4:Lang17/EXP2(n=21),mice received 75%oxygen from P7 to P12 with intravitreal injection of 1μL conbercept at the concentration of 10 mg/m L at P12,and then normal air from P12 to P17.Liquid ChromatographyMass Spectrometry(LC-MS)/MS data were reviewed to find proteins that were up-regulated after the conbercept treatment.Gene ontology(GO)analysis was performed of conbercept-mediated changes in proteins involved in single-organism processes,biological regulation,cellular processes,immune responses,metabolic processes,locomotion and multiple-organism processes.RESULTS:Conbercept induced a reversal of hypoxiainducible factor 1 signaling pathway as revealed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis and also induced down-regulation of proteins involved in blood coagulation and fibrin clot formation as demonstrated by the Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery(DAVID)and the stimulation of interferon genes studies.These appear to be risk factors of retinal fibrosis.Additional conbercept-specific fibrosis risk factors were also identified and may serve as therapeutic targets for fibrosis.CONCLUSION:Our studies reveal that many novel proteins are differentially regulated by conbercept.The new insights may warrant a valuable resource for conbercept treatment.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Bureau Project Fund of Wenzhou, China (No.Y20160460)
文摘AIM: To determine the thickness of the retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer(GCIPL) and the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) in patients with neuromyelitis optica(NMO).METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 30 NMO patients with a total of 60 eyes. Based on the presence or absence of optic neuritis(ON), subjects were divided into either the NMO-ON group(30 eyes) or the NMO-ON contra group(10 eyes). A detailed ophthalmologic examination was performed for each group; subsequently, the GCIPL and the RNFL were measured using highdefinition optical coherence tomography(OCT). RESULTS: In the NMO-ON group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 69.28±21.12 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 66.02±10.02 μm, and the RNFL thickness were 109.33±11.23, 110.47±3.10, 64.92±12.71 and 71.21±50.22 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. In the NMO-ON contra group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 85.12±17.09 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 25.39±25.1 μm, and the RNFL thicknesses were 148.33±23.22, 126.36±23.45, 82.21±22.30 and 83.36±31.28 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. In the control group, the mean GCIPL thickness was 86.98±22.37 μm, the minimum GCIPL thickness was 85.28±10.75 μm, and the RNFL thicknesses were 150.22±22.73, 154.79±60.23, 82.33±7.01 and 85.62±13.81 μm in the superior, inferior, temporal and nasal quadrants, respectively. The GCIPL and RNFL were thinner in the NMO-ON contra group than in the control group(P<0.05); additionally, the RNFL was thinner in the inferior quadrant in the NMO-ON group than in the control group(P<0.05). Significant correlations were observed between the GCIPL and RNFL thickness measurements as well as between thickness measurements and the two visual field parameters of mean deviation(MD) and corrected pattern standard deviation(PSD) in the NMO-ON group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The thickness of the GCIPL and RNFL, as measured using OCT, may indicate optic nerve damage in patients with NMO.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation in China(No.81671641 No.81970830+6 种基金 No.31600736)Suzhou Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.SYS201745)Soochow University Doctoral Academic Talents Program(No.5832001313)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent(No.QNRC2016718)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Team(No.CXTDA2017039)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.BK20151208)the Soochow Scholar Project of Soochow University(No.R5122001)
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of blockade of insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1) on the bio-function of tube formation of human choroidal endothelial cells(HCECs).METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to determine the expression level of IRS-1 and phospho-IRS-1 in HCECs. Tube formation of HCECs was analyzed using three dimensional in vitro Matrigel assay with or without IRS-1 blockage via IRS-1 inhibitor(GS-101) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2) inhibitor. In addition, cell counting kit(CCK)-8 and Transwell migration assay were exerted to analyze the effects of blockade of IRS-1 on the bio-function of proliferation and migration of HCECs, respectively. The apoptosis of HCECs was examined using flow cytometry(FCM).RESULTS: RT-PCR and Western blot revealed that IRS-1 phospho-IRS-1 were expressed in HCECs and the expression level was enhanced by stimulation of VEGF-A. The number of tube formation was decreased significantly in GS-101 treated groups compared to phosphate buffered saline(PBS) treated control groups. Furthermore, both cell proliferation and migration of HCECs were decreased in the presence of GS-101. FCM analysis showed that the apoptosis of HCECs was enhanced when the cells were treated with GS-101. Western blot also showed that the expression level of cleaved-caspase 3 in GS-101 treated group was higher than that in control group.CONCLUSION: Blockade of IRS-1 can inhibit tube formation of HCECs through reducing cell proliferation and migration and promoting cell apoptosis.
