[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on apple saplings. [ Method] ＇ Tianhong 2＇ Fuji /SH40/Malus robusta Rehd. was used as the experimental material...[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on apple saplings. [ Method] ＇ Tianhong 2＇ Fuji /SH40/Malus robusta Rehd. was used as the experimental material to analyze the effects of different irrigation modes and combinations of basal fertilizer and dressing fertilizer on tree structure, leaf parameters and photosynthesis of apple saplings. [ Result] The results showed that different water and fertilizer combinations ex- hibited varying effects on tree structure, leaf parameters and photosynthesis of apple saplings. To be specific, applying 432 000 kg/hm2 basal fertilizer, 480 kg/hm2 urea and 915 kg/hmz organic fertilizer ＋ 0 ＋ 915 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer as dressing fertilizer, and 1% urea as leaf fertilizer was conducive to promoting growth of branches and leaves, increasing leaf thickness, individual leaf area and SPAD, and improving photosynthesis of apple saplings under half root irrigation and whole root irrigation conditions. In addition, the effects were more significant under whole root irrigation conditions. [ Conclusion] Selecting the appropriate water and fertilizer combination is conducive to the growth of apple saplings.展开更多
In order to optimize and transform closed mature apple orchards with standard rootstocks and improve the quality of fruit,taking a closed Red Fuji apple orchard as the test object,the effects of different density-redu...In order to optimize and transform closed mature apple orchards with standard rootstocks and improve the quality of fruit,taking a closed Red Fuji apple orchard as the test object,the effects of different density-reducing methods(deinterlacing,removing every other plant in each row,removing every other plant every other row)on the canopy microenvironment,tree structure,leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality were studied.The results showed that different density-reducing methods significantly reduced the orchard coverage and increased the crown transmittance.Among them,the deinterlacing treatment was the best in improving the population structure of the closed orchard,as it reduced the orchard coverage rate by 55.68 percentage points and the canopy transmittance by 82.38 percentage points,compared with the control(CK).Different density-reducing methods all could significantly reduce the branch amount in the closed orchard and optimized the branch composition.The three density-reducing methods decreased the number of branches per plant by 18.96%,12.41%and 19.58%,respectively,compared with the CK.And compared with the CK,the proportion of short branches and leafy branches to the total branches was increased by 17.13%,14.27%and 7.37%,respectively,and the proportion of long branches and developmental branches to the total branches was decreased by 24.47%,18.04%and 10.79%,respectively.The effects of the different density-reducing methods on the temperature,relative light intensity,SPAD and leaf photosynthetic rate in canopies all followed an order of deinterlacing>removing every other plant in each row>removing every other plant every other row>CK,while those on the relative humidity showed an order of deinterlacing>removing every other plant in each row>removing every other plant every other row>CK,while those on the relative humidity showed an order of deinterlacing<removing every other plant in each row<removing every other plant every other row<CK.The average single fruit weight(238.3 g),coloring index(89.2),smoothness index(83.2),soluble solid content(15.1%)and high quality fruit rate(82.4%)of the deinterlacing treatment were higher than those of other treatments,and the values were 18.2%,11.4%,5.85%,26.9%and 25.2%higher than the CK,respectively.The use of dein￣terlacing to reduce density is the best for improving the microenvironment of closed apple orchards and improving the photosynthetic efficiency and fruit quality.展开更多
基金Supported by National Modern Agricultural(Apple)Industry Technology System of China(CARS-28)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on apple saplings. [ Method] ＇ Tianhong 2＇ Fuji /SH40/Malus robusta Rehd. was used as the experimental material to analyze the effects of different irrigation modes and combinations of basal fertilizer and dressing fertilizer on tree structure, leaf parameters and photosynthesis of apple saplings. [ Result] The results showed that different water and fertilizer combinations ex- hibited varying effects on tree structure, leaf parameters and photosynthesis of apple saplings. To be specific, applying 432 000 kg/hm2 basal fertilizer, 480 kg/hm2 urea and 915 kg/hmz organic fertilizer ＋ 0 ＋ 915 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer as dressing fertilizer, and 1% urea as leaf fertilizer was conducive to promoting growth of branches and leaves, increasing leaf thickness, individual leaf area and SPAD, and improving photosynthesis of apple saplings under half root irrigation and whole root irrigation conditions. In addition, the effects were more significant under whole root irrigation conditions. [ Conclusion] Selecting the appropriate water and fertilizer combination is conducive to the growth of apple saplings.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2017CXGC0210)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2017D01)+3 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0201100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600021)Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of China for Apple(CARS-27)Dongying Science and Technology Program(2015GG0104)
文摘In order to optimize and transform closed mature apple orchards with standard rootstocks and improve the quality of fruit,taking a closed Red Fuji apple orchard as the test object,the effects of different density-reducing methods(deinterlacing,removing every other plant in each row,removing every other plant every other row)on the canopy microenvironment,tree structure,leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality were studied.The results showed that different density-reducing methods significantly reduced the orchard coverage and increased the crown transmittance.Among them,the deinterlacing treatment was the best in improving the population structure of the closed orchard,as it reduced the orchard coverage rate by 55.68 percentage points and the canopy transmittance by 82.38 percentage points,compared with the control(CK).Different density-reducing methods all could significantly reduce the branch amount in the closed orchard and optimized the branch composition.The three density-reducing methods decreased the number of branches per plant by 18.96%,12.41%and 19.58%,respectively,compared with the CK.And compared with the CK,the proportion of short branches and leafy branches to the total branches was increased by 17.13%,14.27%and 7.37%,respectively,and the proportion of long branches and developmental branches to the total branches was decreased by 24.47%,18.04%and 10.79%,respectively.The effects of the different density-reducing methods on the temperature,relative light intensity,SPAD and leaf photosynthetic rate in canopies all followed an order of deinterlacing>removing every other plant in each row>removing every other plant every other row>CK,while those on the relative humidity showed an order of deinterlacing>removing every other plant in each row>removing every other plant every other row>CK,while those on the relative humidity showed an order of deinterlacing<removing every other plant in each row<removing every other plant every other row<CK.The average single fruit weight(238.3 g),coloring index(89.2),smoothness index(83.2),soluble solid content(15.1%)and high quality fruit rate(82.4%)of the deinterlacing treatment were higher than those of other treatments,and the values were 18.2%,11.4%,5.85%,26.9%and 25.2%higher than the CK,respectively.The use of dein￣terlacing to reduce density is the best for improving the microenvironment of closed apple orchards and improving the photosynthetic efficiency and fruit quality.
