Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system;they participate in crucial biological processes,maintain brain structure,and regulate nervous system function.Exosomes are cell-derived extra...Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system;they participate in crucial biological processes,maintain brain structure,and regulate nervous system function.Exosomes are cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing various bioactive molecules including proteins,peptides,nucleotides,and lipids secreted from their cellular sources.Increasing evidence shows that exosomes participate in a communication network in the nervous system,in which astrocyte-derived exosomes play important roles.In this review,we have summarized the effects of exosomes targeting astrocytes and the astrocyte-derived exosomes targeting other cell types in the central nervous system.We also discuss the potential research directions of the exosome-based communication network in the nervous system.The exosome-based intercellular communication focused on astrocytes is of great significance to the biological and/or pathological processes in different conditions in the brain.New strategies may be developed for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders by focusing on astrocytes as the central cells and utilizing exosomes as communication mediators.展开更多
Ionic liquid electrospray(ILE) in an atmospheric environment is often accompanied by the gas discharge phenomenon. It interferes with the normal operation of the electrospray and the measurement of experimental parame...Ionic liquid electrospray(ILE) in an atmospheric environment is often accompanied by the gas discharge phenomenon. It interferes with the normal operation of the electrospray and the measurement of experimental parameters. In this study, electrospray experiments were conducted on the ionic liquid EMI-BF4. The observations revealed that the operating modes of the ionic liquid depend on the voltage polarity at high voltages. Additionally, a correspondence between the operating mode of ILE and the current signal in the circuit was established. The shape of the liquid cone formed at the needle tip bore a striking resemblance to the plume of corona discharge, suggesting that the motion trajectory of electrons influenced the curvature of the liquid cone. Steamer theory provided a clear explanation for the change in curvature as the voltage increased.展开更多
Constructing highly-efficient electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)/oxygen evolution reaction(OER)/oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)with excellent stability is quite important for the development of re...Constructing highly-efficient electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)/oxygen evolution reaction(OER)/oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)with excellent stability is quite important for the development of renewable energy-related applications.Herein,Co-Ru based compounds supported on nitrogen doped two-dimensional(2D)carbon nanosheets(NCN)are developed via one step pyrolysis procedure(Co-Ru/NCN)for HER/ORR and following low-temperature oxidation process(Co-Ru@RuO_(x)/NCN)for OER.The specific 2D morphology guarantees abundant active sites exposure.Furthermore,the synergistic effects arising from the interaction between Co and Ru are crucial in enhancing the catalytic performance.Thus,the resulting Co-Ru/NCN shows remarkable electrocatalytic performance for HER(70 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))in 1 M KOH and ORR(half-wave potential E_(1/2)=0.81 V)in 0.1 M KOH.Especially,the Co-Ru@RuO_(x)/NCN obtained by oxidation exhibits splendid OER performance in both acid(230 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))and alkaline media(270 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))coupled with excellent stability.Consequently,the fabricated two-electrode water-splitting device exhibits excellent performance in both acidic and alkaline environments.This research provides a promising avenue for the advancement of multifunctional nanomaterials.展开更多
3D architecratured transition metal dichalcogenides constructed by atomically thin layers are appealing building blocks in various applications,such as catalysts,energy storage,conversions,sensors,and so on.However,th...3D architecratured transition metal dichalcogenides constructed by atomically thin layers are appealing building blocks in various applications,such as catalysts,energy storage,conversions,sensors,and so on.However,the direct growth of 3D transition metal dichalcogenides architectures with high crystal quality and well-controlled size/thickness remains a huge challenge.Herein,we report a facile,highly-repeatable,and versatile chemical vapor deposition strategy,for the mass production of high-quality 3D-architecratured transition metal dichalcogenides(e.g.,MoS_(2),WS_(2),and ReS_(2))and their alloys(e.g.,W_(x)Mo(1–x)S_(2)and Rex Mo_((1–x))S_(2))nanosheets on naturally abundant and low-cost diatomite templates.Particularly,the purified transition metal dichalcogenides products exhibit unique and designable 3D biomorphic hierarchical microstructures,controllable layer thicknesses,tailorable chemical compositions,and good crystallinities.The weak interlayer interactions endow them with good dispersity in solutions to form stable additive-free inks for solution-processing-based applications,for example,high-permeable and high-stable separation membranes for water purification,and efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions.This work paves ways for the low-cost,mass production of versatile transition metal dichalcogenides powder-like materials with designable structures and properties,toward energy/environmental-related applications and beyond.展开更多
A series of environmental and energy issues,such as global warming,water pollution,acid rain,and energy shortage,have to be settled urgently.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are compounds consisting of metal ions or clus...A series of environmental and energy issues,such as global warming,water pollution,acid rain,and energy shortage,have to be settled urgently.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands,which show great promise for alleviating or mitigating these challenges owing to their outstanding physical and chemical properties.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of MOFs in the fields of green applications,including carbon capture,harmful gas removal,sewage treatment,and green energy storage.In addition,the challenges and prospects of the large-scale commercialized use of MOFs in handling environmental issues are also discussed.展开更多
In this work,a monorail vehicle-bridge coupling(VBC)model capable of accurately considering curve alignment and superelevation is established based on curvilinear moving coordinate system,to study the VBC vibration of...In this work,a monorail vehicle-bridge coupling(VBC)model capable of accurately considering curve alignment and superelevation is established based on curvilinear moving coordinate system,to study the VBC vibration of straddlemonorail curved girder bridge and the relevant factors influencing VBC.While taking Chongqing Jiao Xin line as an example,the VBC program is compiled using Fortran,where the reliability of algorithm and program is verified by the results of Chongqing monorail test.Moreover,the effects of curve radius,vehicle speed,and track irregularity on the corresponding vehicle and bridge vibrations are compared and analyzed.It is observed that the test results of lateral vibration acceleration(LVA)and vertical vibration acceleration(VVA)of track beam,and LVA of vehicle,are consistent with the simulation results.Owing to the track irregularity,vibration of track beam and vehicle increases significantly.Besides,an increase in vehicle speed gradually increases the vibration of track beam and vehicle.For the curve radius(R)≤200 m,lateral and vertical vibrations of the track beam and vehicle decrease significantly with an increasing curve radius.Alternatively,when 200 m<R<600 m,the lateral vibration of the track beamand vehicle decreases slowly with an increasing curve radius,while the relevant vertical vibration remains stable.Similarly,when R≥600 m,the lateral and vertical vibrations of the track beam and vehicle tend to be stable.Accordingly,the results presented here can provide a strong reference for the design,construction,and safety assessment of existing bridges.展开更多
Enhancing the proton conductivity of proton exchange membranes(PEMs)is essential to expand the applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Inspired by the proton conduction mechanism of bacteriorhodops...Enhancing the proton conductivity of proton exchange membranes(PEMs)is essential to expand the applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Inspired by the proton conduction mechanism of bacteriorhodopsin,cucurbit[n]urils(CB[n],where n is the number of glycoluril units,n=6,7,or 8)are introduced into sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)(SPEEK)matrix to fabricate hybrid PEMs,employing a nature-inspired chemical engineering(NICE)methodology.The carbonyl groups of CB[n]act as proton-conducting sites,while the host–guest interaction between CB[n]and water molecules offers extra protonconducting pathways.Additionally,the molecular size of CB[n]aids in their dispersion within the SPEEK matrix,effectively bridging the unconnected proton-conducting sulfonic group domains within the SPEEK membrane.Consequently,all hybrid membranes exhibit significantly enhanced proton conductivity.Notably,the SPEEK membrane incorporating 1 wt.%CB[8](CB[8]/SPEEK-1%)demonstrates the highest proton conductivity of 198.0 mS·cm^(−1) at 60°C and 100%relative humidity(RH),which is 228%greater than that of the pure SPEEK membrane under the same conditions.Moreover,hybrid membranes exhibit superior fuel cell performance.The CB[8]/SPEEK-1%membrane achieves a maximum power density of 214 mW·cm^(−2),representing a 140%improvement over the pure SPEEK membrane(89 mW·cm^(−2))at 50°C and 100%RH.These findings serve as a foundation for constructing continuous proton-conducting pathways within membranes by utilizing supramolecular macrocycles as fuel cell electrolytes and in other applications.展开更多
Reactive oxidative species(ROos)production-driven ferroptosis plays a role in acute kidney injury(Akl).However,its exact molecular mechanism is poorly understood.Scavenger receptor CD36 has important roles in oxidizin...Reactive oxidative species(ROos)production-driven ferroptosis plays a role in acute kidney injury(Akl).However,its exact molecular mechanism is poorly understood.Scavenger receptor CD36 has important roles in oxidizing lipids,lipid accumulation,metabolic syndrome,and insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease,but its roles remain unexplored in AKl.The present study investigated the role and mechanism of CD36 in regulating proximal tubular cell ferroptosis and AKl.The expression of CD36 was found to be significantly up-regulated in AKI renal tissues and correlated with renal function,which might serve as an independent biomarker for AKl patients.Moreover,in adult mice subjected to AKl,deletion of CD36(CD36-/-)induced tubular cell Ros accumulation,ferroptosis activation,and renal injury.Mechanistically,combining LC-MS/MS,co-IP,and ubiquitination analyses revealed that CD36 could specifically bind to ferroptosis suppressor protein 1(FSP1)and regulate its ubiquitination at sites K16 and K24,leading to FSP1 degradation and progression of ferroptosis in AKl.The present results emphasize a novel mechanism of CD36 in cisplatin-induced AKl.The discovery of the special CD36 roles in promoting ferroptosis and AKI development by regulating the ubiquitination of FSP1 in proximal tubular cells may be potential therapeutic targets for AKl.Moreover,CD36 may play a key role in the progression of AKl.Therefore,targeting CD36 may provide a promising treatment option for AKI.展开更多
Regional sea level variability is linked to regional terrestrial water and the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).This study assessed the relationships between the sea level variations in the South China Sea(SCS)and E...Regional sea level variability is linked to regional terrestrial water and the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).This study assessed the relationships between the sea level variations in the South China Sea(SCS)and ENSO,the impact of terrestrial water storage(TWS)on non-steric sea level(NSSL),and the contributions of steric sea level(SSL)and NSSL to sea level anomaly(SLA),respectively.From 2003 to 2015,the SLAs exhibited a long-term trend of 6.65±0.78 mm/yr,which was primarily attributed to the SSLs.Additionally,during 2003-2015,ENSO events alternating with varying intensities might also be responsible for the unusually high SLA trend.Compared to the SSLs,the NSSLs contributed the seasonal signals to the SLAs,while the NSSLs changes were largely explained by the TWS in the Mekong River Basin at the seasonal scale and in the Pearl River Basin and Red River Basin at other time scales.In contrast to the TWS,the contributions of precipitation and evapotranspiration were relatively minor.A negative correlation between the sea level variations and ENSO was also found,with cross-correlation coefficients between the oceanic Ni?o index and SLAs/SSLs/NSSLs of -0.36/-0.37/-0.62 with lags of 2/3/2 months,respectively.These findings systematically reassessed the contributions of different components to the sea level variations.This study provided a benchmark for in-depth analysis of the impacts of terrestrial water and other potential causes on sea level rise in the SCS.展开更多
The poppet valves two-stroke(PV2S)aircraft engine fueled with sustainable aviation fuel is a promising option for general aviation and unmanned aerial vehicle propulsion due to its high power-to-weight ratio,uniform t...The poppet valves two-stroke(PV2S)aircraft engine fueled with sustainable aviation fuel is a promising option for general aviation and unmanned aerial vehicle propulsion due to its high power-to-weight ratio,uniform torque output,and flexible valve timings.However,its high-altitude gas exchange performance remains unexplored,presenting new opportunities for optimization through artificial intelligence(AI)technology.This study uses validated 1D+3D models to evaluate the high-altitude gas exchange performance of PV2S aircraft engines.The valve timings of the PV2S engine exhibit considerable flexibility,thus the Latin hypercube design of experiments(DoE)methodology is employed to fit a response surface model.A genetic algorithm(GA)is applied to iteratively optimize valve timings for varying altitudes.The optimization process reveals that increasing the intake duration while decreasing the exhaust duration and valve overlap angles can significantly enhance high-altitude gas exchange performance.The optimal valve overlap angle emerged as 93°CA at sea level and 82°CA at 4000 m altitude.The effects of operating parameters,including engine speed,load,and exhaust back pressure,on the gas exchange process at varying altitudes are further investigated.The higher engine speed increases trapping efficiency but decreases the delivery ratio and charging efficiency at various altitudes.This effect is especially pronounced at elevated altitudes.The increase in exhaust back pressure will significantly reduce the delivery ratio and increase the trapping efficiency.This study demonstrates that integrating DoE with AI algorithms can enhance the high-altitude performance of aircraft engines,serving as a valuable reference for further optimization efforts.展开更多
Inspired by the LHCb observations of hidden-charm Pc(s)states,we study their hidden-strange analog Psstates in both the[udu][■s]and[uds][■u]configurations.We investigate Ps pentaquark states in the pη′,pφ,ΛK,ΣK...Inspired by the LHCb observations of hidden-charm Pc(s)states,we study their hidden-strange analog Psstates in both the[udu][■s]and[uds][■u]configurations.We investigate Ps pentaquark states in the pη′,pφ,ΛK,ΣK,andΣ*K*structures with JP=1/2-andΣ*K andΣK*with JP=3/2-and calculate their masses in the framework of QCD sum rules.Our numerical results show that the extracted hadron masses for all the pη′,pφ,ΛK,ΣK,andΣ*K*structures are significantly higher than theΣK mass threshold,and the masses forΣ*K andΣK*are also higher than the threshold of the corresponding hadron;hence,no bound state exists in such channels,which is consistent with the current experimental status.展开更多
To the editor:Acute basilar-artery occlusion(aBAO)is one of the most severe forms of stroke,with an incidence of severe disability and death of up to 80%.^([1,2,3])Although several previous prospective multicenter ran...To the editor:Acute basilar-artery occlusion(aBAO)is one of the most severe forms of stroke,with an incidence of severe disability and death of up to 80%.^([1,2,3])Although several previous prospective multicenter randomized controlled trials(RCTs)involving patients with acute stroke due to large-artery occlusion in the anterior circulation have shown that endovascular thrombectomy(EVT)dramatically improves prognosis over best medical management(BMM),^([4,5])the efficacy and safety of EVT for aBAO remain controversial.展开更多
Although metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)show numerous advantages over other crystalline materials,their industrial relevances have been impeded owing to their many drawbacks such as environmental impacts and economic c...Although metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)show numerous advantages over other crystalline materials,their industrial relevances have been impeded owing to their many drawbacks such as environmental impacts and economic costs of their synthesis.A green preparation pathway could greatly reduce the environmental costs,energy,and the need for toxic organic solvents,and consequently reduce the production cost.Thus,the most desirable synthesis route is the replacement of harsh organic solvents with aqueous solutions to abate environmental and economic impacts.This review summarizes recent research advancements of water-based routes for MOF synthesis and gives a brief outline of the most prominent examples.The challenges and prospects of the commercialization of promising MOFs in the future are also presented.This study aims to offer necessary information regarding the green,sustainable,and industrially acceptable fabrication of MOFs for their commercial applications in the future.展开更多
Background:To compare the safety and efficacy of LVIS stent-assisted coiling with those of laser-cut stent-assisted coiling for the treatment of acutely ruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.Methods:Patients wit...Background:To compare the safety and efficacy of LVIS stent-assisted coiling with those of laser-cut stent-assisted coiling for the treatment of acutely ruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.Methods:Patients with acutely ruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms treated with LVIS stent-assisted coiling(LVIS stent group)and laser-cut stent-assisted coiling(laser-cut stent group)were retrospectively reviewed from January 2014 to December 2017.Propensity score matching was used to adjust for potential differences in age,sex,aneurysm location,aneurysm size,neck width,Hunt-Hess grade,and modified Fisher grade.Perioperative procedure-related complications and clinical and angiographic follow-up outcomes were compared.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the associations between procedure-related complications and potential risk factors.Results:A total of 142 patients who underwent LVIS stent-assisted coiling and 93 patients who underwent laser-cut stent-assisted coiling were enrolled after 1:2 propensity score matching.The angiographic follow-up outcomes showed that the LVIS stent group had a slightly higher complete occlusion rate and lower recurrence rate than the laser-cut stent group(92.7%vs 80.6%;3.7%vs 9.7%,P=0.078).The clinical outcomes at discharge and follow-up between the two groups demonstrated no significant differences(P=0.495 and P=0.875,respectively).The rates of intraprocedural thrombosis,postprocedural thrombosis,postoperative early rebleeding,and procedure-related death were 0.7%(1/142),1.4%(2/142),2.8%(4/142),and 2.1%(3/142)in the LVIS stent group,respectively,and 4.3%(4/93),2.2%(2/93),1.1%(1/93),and 3.2%(3/93)in the laser-cut stent group,respectively(P=0.082,0.649,0.651,and 0.683).Nevertheless,the rates of overall procedure-related complications and intraprocedural rupture in the LVIS stent group were significantly lower than those in the laser-cut stent group(5.6%vs 14.0%,P=0.028;0.7%vs 6.5%,P=0.016).Multivariate analysis showed that laser-cut stent-assisted coiling was an independent predictor for overall procedurerelated complications(OR=2.727,P=0.037);a history of diabetes(OR=7.275,P=0.027)and other cerebrovascular diseases(OR=8.083,P=0.022)were independent predictors for ischemic complications,whereas none of the factors were predictors for hemorrhagic complications.Conclusions:Compared with laser-cut stent-assisted coiling,LVIS stent-assisted coiling for the treatment of acutely ruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms could reduce the rates of overall procedure-related complications and intraprocedural rupture.展开更多
Controlled synthesis of structurally anisotropic rhenium diselenide （ReSe2） with macroscopically uniform and strictly monolayer thickness as well as tunable domain shape/size is of great interest for electronics-, o...Controlled synthesis of structurally anisotropic rhenium diselenide （ReSe2） with macroscopically uniform and strictly monolayer thickness as well as tunable domain shape/size is of great interest for electronics-, optoelectronics-, and electrocatalysis-related applications. Herein, we describe the controlled synthesis of uniform monolayer ReSe2 flakes with variable morphology （sunflower- or truncated-triangle-shaped） on SiO2/Si substrates using different ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition （CVD） setups. The prepared polycrystalline ReSe2 flakes were transferred intact onto Au foil electrodes and tested for activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction （HER）. Interestingly, compared to the compact truncated-triangle-shaped ReSe2 flakes, their edge-abundant sunflower-shaped counterparts exhibited superior electrocatalytic HER activity, featuring a relatively low Tafel slope of - 76 mV/dec and an exchange current density of 10.5 μA/cm2. Thus, our work demonstrates that CVD-grown ReSe2 is a promising two- dimensional anisotropic material for applications in the electrocatalytic HER.展开更多
Vertical heterostructures based on two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted widespread interest for their numerous applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Herein,we report the direct construct!on of a...Vertical heterostructures based on two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted widespread interest for their numerous applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Herein,we report the direct construct!on of an abnormal graphene/ReSe2 stack on Au foils by a two-step chemical vapor deposition(CVD)strategy.During the second growth stage,mono layer ReSe2 is found to prefere ntially evolve at the irUerface between the first-grown graphene layer and the Au substrate.The unusual stacking behavior is unraveled by in-situ"cutting open"the upper graphene from the defects to expose the lower ReSe2 using scanning tunneling microscopy(STM).From combination of these results with density functional theory calculations,the domain boundaries and edge sites of graphene are proposed to be adsorption sites for Re and Se precursors,further facilitating the growth of ReSe2 at the van der Waals gap of graphene/Au.This work hereby offers an intriguing strategy for obtaining vertical 2D heterostructures featured with an ultra-clean interface and a designed stacking geometry.展开更多
Pressure-gain combustion has gained attention for airbreathing ramjet engine applications owing to its better thermodynamic efficiency and fuel consumption rate. In contrast with traditional detonation induced by a si...Pressure-gain combustion has gained attention for airbreathing ramjet engine applications owing to its better thermodynamic efficiency and fuel consumption rate. In contrast with traditional detonation induced by a single wedge, the present study considers oblique shock interactions attached to double wedges in a hypersonic combustible flow. The temperature/pressure increases sharply across the interaction zone that initiates an exothermic reaction, finally resulting in an Oblique Detonation Wave(ODW). Compared with the case for a single-wedge ODW, the double-wedge geometry has great potential to control the initiation of the ODW. As a tentative study, two-dimensional compressible Euler equations with a two-step induction-reaction kinetic model are used to solve the detonation dynamics triggered by a double wedge. The effects of the wedge angles and wedge corner locations on the initiation structures are investigated numerically.The results show an ODW complex comprising three Oblique Shock Waves(OSWs), an induction zone, a curved detonation front, and an unburned/low-temperature gas belt close to the surface of the second wedge. Both the increasing wedge angle and downstream wedge corner location lead to an abrupt OSW–ODW transition type, whereas the former corresponds to the shock–shock interaction and the later has a greater effect on the exothermic chemical process. Analysis of the shock polar and flow scale confirms that the OSW–ODW initiation structure mainly depends on the coupling of shocks and heat release in a confined initiation zone.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071278(to PY)Outstanding Young Medical Talents Project of Changhai Hospital,No.2021JCSQ03(to PY)+1 种基金Shanghai Sailing Program,No.20YF1448000(to XZ)Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhoushan City,No.2022JRC01(to HL).
文摘Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system;they participate in crucial biological processes,maintain brain structure,and regulate nervous system function.Exosomes are cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing various bioactive molecules including proteins,peptides,nucleotides,and lipids secreted from their cellular sources.Increasing evidence shows that exosomes participate in a communication network in the nervous system,in which astrocyte-derived exosomes play important roles.In this review,we have summarized the effects of exosomes targeting astrocytes and the astrocyte-derived exosomes targeting other cell types in the central nervous system.We also discuss the potential research directions of the exosome-based communication network in the nervous system.The exosome-based intercellular communication focused on astrocytes is of great significance to the biological and/or pathological processes in different conditions in the brain.New strategies may be developed for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders by focusing on astrocytes as the central cells and utilizing exosomes as communication mediators.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC2201004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12172110)。
文摘Ionic liquid electrospray(ILE) in an atmospheric environment is often accompanied by the gas discharge phenomenon. It interferes with the normal operation of the electrospray and the measurement of experimental parameters. In this study, electrospray experiments were conducted on the ionic liquid EMI-BF4. The observations revealed that the operating modes of the ionic liquid depend on the voltage polarity at high voltages. Additionally, a correspondence between the operating mode of ILE and the current signal in the circuit was established. The shape of the liquid cone formed at the needle tip bore a striking resemblance to the plume of corona discharge, suggesting that the motion trajectory of electrons influenced the curvature of the liquid cone. Steamer theory provided a clear explanation for the change in curvature as the voltage increased.
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(2200206852272222,and 52072197)+12 种基金the Taishan Scholar Young Talent Program(tsqn201909114)the Youth Innovation and Technology Foundation of Shandong Higher Education Institutions,China(2019KJC004)the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2019JQ14)the Major Basic Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No.ZR2020ZD09Youth Innovation Team Development Program of Shandong Higher Education Institutions(2022KJ155)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project(2019JZZY020405)the Shandong Province“Double-Hundred Talent Plan”(WST2020003)Project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M691700)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(ZR2019BB002ZR2018BB031)the Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province(SDCXZG-202203021)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Promotion Project for Small-medium Enterprises of Shandong Province(2022TSGC1257)the Major Research Program of Jining City(2020ZDZP024)。
文摘Constructing highly-efficient electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)/oxygen evolution reaction(OER)/oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)with excellent stability is quite important for the development of renewable energy-related applications.Herein,Co-Ru based compounds supported on nitrogen doped two-dimensional(2D)carbon nanosheets(NCN)are developed via one step pyrolysis procedure(Co-Ru/NCN)for HER/ORR and following low-temperature oxidation process(Co-Ru@RuO_(x)/NCN)for OER.The specific 2D morphology guarantees abundant active sites exposure.Furthermore,the synergistic effects arising from the interaction between Co and Ru are crucial in enhancing the catalytic performance.Thus,the resulting Co-Ru/NCN shows remarkable electrocatalytic performance for HER(70 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))in 1 M KOH and ORR(half-wave potential E_(1/2)=0.81 V)in 0.1 M KOH.Especially,the Co-Ru@RuO_(x)/NCN obtained by oxidation exhibits splendid OER performance in both acid(230 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))and alkaline media(270 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2))coupled with excellent stability.Consequently,the fabricated two-electrode water-splitting device exhibits excellent performance in both acidic and alkaline environments.This research provides a promising avenue for the advancement of multifunctional nanomaterials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52021006,51925201,51991344,51991340)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0703700)+1 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2192021)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M690195).
文摘3D architecratured transition metal dichalcogenides constructed by atomically thin layers are appealing building blocks in various applications,such as catalysts,energy storage,conversions,sensors,and so on.However,the direct growth of 3D transition metal dichalcogenides architectures with high crystal quality and well-controlled size/thickness remains a huge challenge.Herein,we report a facile,highly-repeatable,and versatile chemical vapor deposition strategy,for the mass production of high-quality 3D-architecratured transition metal dichalcogenides(e.g.,MoS_(2),WS_(2),and ReS_(2))and their alloys(e.g.,W_(x)Mo(1–x)S_(2)and Rex Mo_((1–x))S_(2))nanosheets on naturally abundant and low-cost diatomite templates.Particularly,the purified transition metal dichalcogenides products exhibit unique and designable 3D biomorphic hierarchical microstructures,controllable layer thicknesses,tailorable chemical compositions,and good crystallinities.The weak interlayer interactions endow them with good dispersity in solutions to form stable additive-free inks for solution-processing-based applications,for example,high-permeable and high-stable separation membranes for water purification,and efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions.This work paves ways for the low-cost,mass production of versatile transition metal dichalcogenides powder-like materials with designable structures and properties,toward energy/environmental-related applications and beyond.
基金from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776097,21802103,and 22008032)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2017A030313052)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110706)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2017A030313052)。
文摘A series of environmental and energy issues,such as global warming,water pollution,acid rain,and energy shortage,have to be settled urgently.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands,which show great promise for alleviating or mitigating these challenges owing to their outstanding physical and chemical properties.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of MOFs in the fields of green applications,including carbon capture,harmful gas removal,sewage treatment,and green energy storage.In addition,the challenges and prospects of the large-scale commercialized use of MOFs in handling environmental issues are also discussed.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the partial support of this research by the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(Nos.18JCQNJC08300,18JCYBJC90800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52108333)+4 种基金Tianjin Transportation Science and Technology Development Plan(2021-20)the Key Laboratory of Road Structure and Materials Transportation Industry(No.310821171114)the Innovation Capability Support Plan of Shaanxi Province(No.2019KJXX-036)the Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission(No.2020KJ038)the Department of Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province Focuses on Research and Development of General Project Industrial Field(No.2020GY318).
文摘In this work,a monorail vehicle-bridge coupling(VBC)model capable of accurately considering curve alignment and superelevation is established based on curvilinear moving coordinate system,to study the VBC vibration of straddlemonorail curved girder bridge and the relevant factors influencing VBC.While taking Chongqing Jiao Xin line as an example,the VBC program is compiled using Fortran,where the reliability of algorithm and program is verified by the results of Chongqing monorail test.Moreover,the effects of curve radius,vehicle speed,and track irregularity on the corresponding vehicle and bridge vibrations are compared and analyzed.It is observed that the test results of lateral vibration acceleration(LVA)and vertical vibration acceleration(VVA)of track beam,and LVA of vehicle,are consistent with the simulation results.Owing to the track irregularity,vibration of track beam and vehicle increases significantly.Besides,an increase in vehicle speed gradually increases the vibration of track beam and vehicle.For the curve radius(R)≤200 m,lateral and vertical vibrations of the track beam and vehicle decrease significantly with an increasing curve radius.Alternatively,when 200 m<R<600 m,the lateral vibration of the track beamand vehicle decreases slowly with an increasing curve radius,while the relevant vertical vibration remains stable.Similarly,when R≥600 m,the lateral and vertical vibrations of the track beam and vehicle tend to be stable.Accordingly,the results presented here can provide a strong reference for the design,construction,and safety assessment of existing bridges.
基金supported by the Royal Society(No.RGS\R2\202203Lan_4824933)the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(Nos.EP/N509577/1,EP/T517793/1,and EP/S03305X/1).
文摘Enhancing the proton conductivity of proton exchange membranes(PEMs)is essential to expand the applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).Inspired by the proton conduction mechanism of bacteriorhodopsin,cucurbit[n]urils(CB[n],where n is the number of glycoluril units,n=6,7,or 8)are introduced into sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)(SPEEK)matrix to fabricate hybrid PEMs,employing a nature-inspired chemical engineering(NICE)methodology.The carbonyl groups of CB[n]act as proton-conducting sites,while the host–guest interaction between CB[n]and water molecules offers extra protonconducting pathways.Additionally,the molecular size of CB[n]aids in their dispersion within the SPEEK matrix,effectively bridging the unconnected proton-conducting sulfonic group domains within the SPEEK membrane.Consequently,all hybrid membranes exhibit significantly enhanced proton conductivity.Notably,the SPEEK membrane incorporating 1 wt.%CB[8](CB[8]/SPEEK-1%)demonstrates the highest proton conductivity of 198.0 mS·cm^(−1) at 60°C and 100%relative humidity(RH),which is 228%greater than that of the pure SPEEK membrane under the same conditions.Moreover,hybrid membranes exhibit superior fuel cell performance.The CB[8]/SPEEK-1%membrane achieves a maximum power density of 214 mW·cm^(−2),representing a 140%improvement over the pure SPEEK membrane(89 mW·cm^(−2))at 50°C and 100%RH.These findings serve as a foundation for constructing continuous proton-conducting pathways within membranes by utilizing supramolecular macrocycles as fuel cell electrolytes and in other applications.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81873604)the Medical Scientific Research Project of the Chongqing Health Commission(China)(No.2022GDRC005)Chongqing Science and Technology Agency(China)(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0984).
文摘Reactive oxidative species(ROos)production-driven ferroptosis plays a role in acute kidney injury(Akl).However,its exact molecular mechanism is poorly understood.Scavenger receptor CD36 has important roles in oxidizing lipids,lipid accumulation,metabolic syndrome,and insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease,but its roles remain unexplored in AKl.The present study investigated the role and mechanism of CD36 in regulating proximal tubular cell ferroptosis and AKl.The expression of CD36 was found to be significantly up-regulated in AKI renal tissues and correlated with renal function,which might serve as an independent biomarker for AKl patients.Moreover,in adult mice subjected to AKl,deletion of CD36(CD36-/-)induced tubular cell Ros accumulation,ferroptosis activation,and renal injury.Mechanistically,combining LC-MS/MS,co-IP,and ubiquitination analyses revealed that CD36 could specifically bind to ferroptosis suppressor protein 1(FSP1)and regulate its ubiquitination at sites K16 and K24,leading to FSP1 degradation and progression of ferroptosis in AKl.The present results emphasize a novel mechanism of CD36 in cisplatin-induced AKl.The discovery of the special CD36 roles in promoting ferroptosis and AKI development by regulating the ubiquitination of FSP1 in proximal tubular cells may be potential therapeutic targets for AKl.Moreover,CD36 may play a key role in the progression of AKl.Therefore,targeting CD36 may provide a promising treatment option for AKI.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2022CFB064)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41974003&41674007)。
文摘Regional sea level variability is linked to regional terrestrial water and the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO).This study assessed the relationships between the sea level variations in the South China Sea(SCS)and ENSO,the impact of terrestrial water storage(TWS)on non-steric sea level(NSSL),and the contributions of steric sea level(SSL)and NSSL to sea level anomaly(SLA),respectively.From 2003 to 2015,the SLAs exhibited a long-term trend of 6.65±0.78 mm/yr,which was primarily attributed to the SSLs.Additionally,during 2003-2015,ENSO events alternating with varying intensities might also be responsible for the unusually high SLA trend.Compared to the SSLs,the NSSLs contributed the seasonal signals to the SLAs,while the NSSLs changes were largely explained by the TWS in the Mekong River Basin at the seasonal scale and in the Pearl River Basin and Red River Basin at other time scales.In contrast to the TWS,the contributions of precipitation and evapotranspiration were relatively minor.A negative correlation between the sea level variations and ENSO was also found,with cross-correlation coefficients between the oceanic Ni?o index and SLAs/SSLs/NSSLs of -0.36/-0.37/-0.62 with lags of 2/3/2 months,respectively.These findings systematically reassessed the contributions of different components to the sea level variations.This study provided a benchmark for in-depth analysis of the impacts of terrestrial water and other potential causes on sea level rise in the SCS.
基金funded by the Basic Research Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 52206131,U2333217,U2233213,and 51775025]National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2022YFB2602002 and 2018YFB0104100]+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number LQ22E060004]Science Center of Gas Turbine Project[grant number P2022-A-I-001-001].
文摘The poppet valves two-stroke(PV2S)aircraft engine fueled with sustainable aviation fuel is a promising option for general aviation and unmanned aerial vehicle propulsion due to its high power-to-weight ratio,uniform torque output,and flexible valve timings.However,its high-altitude gas exchange performance remains unexplored,presenting new opportunities for optimization through artificial intelligence(AI)technology.This study uses validated 1D+3D models to evaluate the high-altitude gas exchange performance of PV2S aircraft engines.The valve timings of the PV2S engine exhibit considerable flexibility,thus the Latin hypercube design of experiments(DoE)methodology is employed to fit a response surface model.A genetic algorithm(GA)is applied to iteratively optimize valve timings for varying altitudes.The optimization process reveals that increasing the intake duration while decreasing the exhaust duration and valve overlap angles can significantly enhance high-altitude gas exchange performance.The optimal valve overlap angle emerged as 93°CA at sea level and 82°CA at 4000 m altitude.The effects of operating parameters,including engine speed,load,and exhaust back pressure,on the gas exchange process at varying altitudes are further investigated.The higher engine speed increases trapping efficiency but decreases the delivery ratio and charging efficiency at various altitudes.This effect is especially pronounced at elevated altitudes.The increase in exhaust back pressure will significantly reduce the delivery ratio and increase the trapping efficiency.This study demonstrates that integrating DoE with AI algorithms can enhance the high-altitude performance of aircraft engines,serving as a valuable reference for further optimization efforts.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12175318)the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0406400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Inspired by the LHCb observations of hidden-charm Pc(s)states,we study their hidden-strange analog Psstates in both the[udu][■s]and[uds][■u]configurations.We investigate Ps pentaquark states in the pη′,pφ,ΛK,ΣK,andΣ*K*structures with JP=1/2-andΣ*K andΣK*with JP=3/2-and calculate their masses in the framework of QCD sum rules.Our numerical results show that the extracted hadron masses for all the pη′,pφ,ΛK,ΣK,andΣ*K*structures are significantly higher than theΣK mass threshold,and the masses forΣ*K andΣK*are also higher than the threshold of the corresponding hadron;hence,no bound state exists in such channels,which is consistent with the current experimental status.
文摘To the editor:Acute basilar-artery occlusion(aBAO)is one of the most severe forms of stroke,with an incidence of severe disability and death of up to 80%.^([1,2,3])Although several previous prospective multicenter randomized controlled trials(RCTs)involving patients with acute stroke due to large-artery occlusion in the anterior circulation have shown that endovascular thrombectomy(EVT)dramatically improves prognosis over best medical management(BMM),^([4,5])the efficacy and safety of EVT for aBAO remain controversial.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576094,21776097 and 51678245)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2017A030313052 and 2019A1515011121)+1 种基金Guangzhou Science&Technology Project(201804010219)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Although metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)show numerous advantages over other crystalline materials,their industrial relevances have been impeded owing to their many drawbacks such as environmental impacts and economic costs of their synthesis.A green preparation pathway could greatly reduce the environmental costs,energy,and the need for toxic organic solvents,and consequently reduce the production cost.Thus,the most desirable synthesis route is the replacement of harsh organic solvents with aqueous solutions to abate environmental and economic impacts.This review summarizes recent research advancements of water-based routes for MOF synthesis and gives a brief outline of the most prominent examples.The challenges and prospects of the commercialization of promising MOFs in the future are also presented.This study aims to offer necessary information regarding the green,sustainable,and industrially acceptable fabrication of MOFs for their commercial applications in the future.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.: 2016YFC1300703)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.: 81701136, 81571126).
文摘Background:To compare the safety and efficacy of LVIS stent-assisted coiling with those of laser-cut stent-assisted coiling for the treatment of acutely ruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.Methods:Patients with acutely ruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms treated with LVIS stent-assisted coiling(LVIS stent group)and laser-cut stent-assisted coiling(laser-cut stent group)were retrospectively reviewed from January 2014 to December 2017.Propensity score matching was used to adjust for potential differences in age,sex,aneurysm location,aneurysm size,neck width,Hunt-Hess grade,and modified Fisher grade.Perioperative procedure-related complications and clinical and angiographic follow-up outcomes were compared.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the associations between procedure-related complications and potential risk factors.Results:A total of 142 patients who underwent LVIS stent-assisted coiling and 93 patients who underwent laser-cut stent-assisted coiling were enrolled after 1:2 propensity score matching.The angiographic follow-up outcomes showed that the LVIS stent group had a slightly higher complete occlusion rate and lower recurrence rate than the laser-cut stent group(92.7%vs 80.6%;3.7%vs 9.7%,P=0.078).The clinical outcomes at discharge and follow-up between the two groups demonstrated no significant differences(P=0.495 and P=0.875,respectively).The rates of intraprocedural thrombosis,postprocedural thrombosis,postoperative early rebleeding,and procedure-related death were 0.7%(1/142),1.4%(2/142),2.8%(4/142),and 2.1%(3/142)in the LVIS stent group,respectively,and 4.3%(4/93),2.2%(2/93),1.1%(1/93),and 3.2%(3/93)in the laser-cut stent group,respectively(P=0.082,0.649,0.651,and 0.683).Nevertheless,the rates of overall procedure-related complications and intraprocedural rupture in the LVIS stent group were significantly lower than those in the laser-cut stent group(5.6%vs 14.0%,P=0.028;0.7%vs 6.5%,P=0.016).Multivariate analysis showed that laser-cut stent-assisted coiling was an independent predictor for overall procedurerelated complications(OR=2.727,P=0.037);a history of diabetes(OR=7.275,P=0.027)and other cerebrovascular diseases(OR=8.083,P=0.022)were independent predictors for ischemic complications,whereas none of the factors were predictors for hemorrhagic complications.Conclusions:Compared with laser-cut stent-assisted coiling,LVIS stent-assisted coiling for the treatment of acutely ruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms could reduce the rates of overall procedure-related complications and intraprocedural rupture.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 51290272, 51472008, 21573004, 51522212, 51421002, 51672154, 51372130, and 51672307）, the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China （No. 2016YFA0200103）, the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics （No. KF201601）, the National Program on Key Basic Research Project （No. 2014CB921002）, the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. XDB07030200）, the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS （No. QYZDB-SSW-JSC035）, and the MoST （2016YFA0200200）.
文摘Controlled synthesis of structurally anisotropic rhenium diselenide （ReSe2） with macroscopically uniform and strictly monolayer thickness as well as tunable domain shape/size is of great interest for electronics-, optoelectronics-, and electrocatalysis-related applications. Herein, we describe the controlled synthesis of uniform monolayer ReSe2 flakes with variable morphology （sunflower- or truncated-triangle-shaped） on SiO2/Si substrates using different ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition （CVD） setups. The prepared polycrystalline ReSe2 flakes were transferred intact onto Au foil electrodes and tested for activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction （HER）. Interestingly, compared to the compact truncated-triangle-shaped ReSe2 flakes, their edge-abundant sunflower-shaped counterparts exhibited superior electrocatalytic HER activity, featuring a relatively low Tafel slope of - 76 mV/dec and an exchange current density of 10.5 μA/cm2. Thus, our work demonstrates that CVD-grown ReSe2 is a promising two- dimensional anisotropic material for applications in the electrocatalytic HER.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51472008,51861135201,51290272,61774003,51502007,and 51672007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFA0200103,2017YFA0205700,and 2017YFA0304600)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics(Nos.KF201601 and KF201604)"2011 Program”Peking-Tsinghua-IOP Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter.
文摘Vertical heterostructures based on two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted widespread interest for their numerous applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.Herein,we report the direct construct!on of an abnormal graphene/ReSe2 stack on Au foils by a two-step chemical vapor deposition(CVD)strategy.During the second growth stage,mono layer ReSe2 is found to prefere ntially evolve at the irUerface between the first-grown graphene layer and the Au substrate.The unusual stacking behavior is unraveled by in-situ"cutting open"the upper graphene from the defects to expose the lower ReSe2 using scanning tunneling microscopy(STM).From combination of these results with density functional theory calculations,the domain boundaries and edge sites of graphene are proposed to be adsorption sites for Re and Se precursors,further facilitating the growth of ReSe2 at the van der Waals gap of graphene/Au.This work hereby offers an intriguing strategy for obtaining vertical 2D heterostructures featured with an ultra-clean interface and a designed stacking geometry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11822202)。
文摘Pressure-gain combustion has gained attention for airbreathing ramjet engine applications owing to its better thermodynamic efficiency and fuel consumption rate. In contrast with traditional detonation induced by a single wedge, the present study considers oblique shock interactions attached to double wedges in a hypersonic combustible flow. The temperature/pressure increases sharply across the interaction zone that initiates an exothermic reaction, finally resulting in an Oblique Detonation Wave(ODW). Compared with the case for a single-wedge ODW, the double-wedge geometry has great potential to control the initiation of the ODW. As a tentative study, two-dimensional compressible Euler equations with a two-step induction-reaction kinetic model are used to solve the detonation dynamics triggered by a double wedge. The effects of the wedge angles and wedge corner locations on the initiation structures are investigated numerically.The results show an ODW complex comprising three Oblique Shock Waves(OSWs), an induction zone, a curved detonation front, and an unburned/low-temperature gas belt close to the surface of the second wedge. Both the increasing wedge angle and downstream wedge corner location lead to an abrupt OSW–ODW transition type, whereas the former corresponds to the shock–shock interaction and the later has a greater effect on the exothermic chemical process. Analysis of the shock polar and flow scale confirms that the OSW–ODW initiation structure mainly depends on the coupling of shocks and heat release in a confined initiation zone.
