The question of whether an ideal network exists with global scalability in its full life cycle has always been a first-principles problem in the research of network systems and architectures.Thus far,it has not been p...The question of whether an ideal network exists with global scalability in its full life cycle has always been a first-principles problem in the research of network systems and architectures.Thus far,it has not been possible to scientifically practice the design criteria of an ideal network in a unimorphic network system,making it difficult to adapt to known services with clear application scenarios while supporting the ever-growing future services with unexpected characteristics.Here,we theoretically prove that no unimorphic network system can simultaneously meet the scalability requirement in a full cycle in three dimensions—the service-level agreement(S),multiplexity(M),and variousness(V)—which we name as the“impossible SMV triangle”dilemma.It is only by transforming the current network development paradigm that the contradiction between global scalability and a unified network infrastructure can be resolved from the perspectives of thinking,methodology,and practice norms.In this paper,we propose a theoretical framework called the polymorphic network environment(PNE),the first principle of which is to separate or decouple application network systems from the infrastructure environment and,under the given resource conditions,use core technologies such as the elementization of network baselines,the dynamic aggregation of resources,and collaborative software and hardware arrangements to generate the capability of the“network of networks.”This makes it possible to construct an ideal network system that is designed for change and capable of symbiosis and coexistence with the generative network morpha in the spatiotemporal dimensions.An environment test for principle verification shows that the generated representative application network modalities can not only coexist without mutual influence but also independently match well-defined multimedia services or custom services under the constraints of technical and economic indicators.展开更多
Segment Routing(SR)is a new routing paradigm based on source routing and provide traffic engineering(TE)capabilities in IP network.By extending interior gateway protocol(IGP),SR can be easily applied to IP network.How...Segment Routing(SR)is a new routing paradigm based on source routing and provide traffic engineering(TE)capabilities in IP network.By extending interior gateway protocol(IGP),SR can be easily applied to IP network.However,upgrading current IP network to a full SR one can be costly and difficult.Hybrid IP/SR network will last for some time.Aiming at the low flexibility problem of static TE policies in the current SR networks,this paper proposes a Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)based TE scheme.The proposed scheme employs multi-path transmission and use DRL to dynamically adjust the traffic splitting ratio among different paths based on the network traffic distribution.As a result,the network congestion can be mitigated and the performance of the network is improved.Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can improve the throughput of the network by up to 9%than existing schemes.展开更多
Chemotherapy combined with photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.However,simultaneously delivering chemotherapeutic drugs and photosensitizers and precisely adjusting the ratio ...Chemotherapy combined with photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.However,simultaneously delivering chemotherapeutic drugs and photosensitizers and precisely adjusting the ratio of the two components as needed remains a challengeable task.Herein,novel supramolecular nanoparticles(donated as BODIPY-CPT-NPs)for chemo-photodynamic combination cancer therapy are constructed from a glutathione-responsive camptothecin-based prodrug,BODIPY photosensitizer,and dimacrocyclic host molecule through orthogonal host-guest recognitions and co-assembly.With this strategy,the ratio of prodrugs and photosensitizers in nanoparticles can be easily and precisely controlled as needed.Benefiting from the strong host-guest interactions and stable self-assembly,the nanoparticles exhibit excellent stability and photobleaching resistance.Furthermore,camptothecin can be released from nanoparticles for chemotherapy in the presence of reduction agent and single oxygen can be efficiently generated for PDT with light irradiation.The combined effects of the BODIPY-CPT-NPs have been verified in CT26 and HeLa cancer cells.展开更多
Stability is a fundamental ecological property of the gut microbiota and is associated with host health.Numerous studies have shown that unbalanced dietary components disturb the gut microbial composition and thereby ...Stability is a fundamental ecological property of the gut microbiota and is associated with host health.Numerous studies have shown that unbalanced dietary components disturb the gut microbial composition and thereby contribute to the onset and progression of disease.However,the impact of unbalanced diets on the stability of the gut microbiota is poorly understood.In the present study,four-week-old mice were fed a plant-based diet high in refined carbohydrates or a high-fat diet for four weeks to simulate a persistent unbalanced diet.We found that persistent unbalanced diets significantly reduced the gut bacterial richness and increased the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence networks.Furthermore,the gut bacterial response to unbalanced diets was phylogenetically conserved,which reduced network modularity and enhanced the proportion of positive associations between community taxon,thereby amplifying the co-oscillation of perturbations among community species to destabilize gut microbial communities.The disturbance test revealed that the gut microbiota of mice fed with unbalanced diets was less resistant to antibiotic perturbation and pathogenic bacteria invasion.This study may fill a gap in the mechanistic understanding of the gut microbiota stability in response to diet and provide new insights into the gut microbial ecology.展开更多
Aiming at the problem of failure recovery in current networks,a fast failure recovery method based on equivalent cooperative routing is proposed.Firstly,the transmission path between the source and destination nodes i...Aiming at the problem of failure recovery in current networks,a fast failure recovery method based on equivalent cooperative routing is proposed.Firstly,the transmission path between the source and destination nodes is divided into several non-overlapping path segments.Next,backup paths are deployed for each link in the path segment through segmented routing technology,which ensures fast routing recovery after failure.Additionally,in order to avoid damaging the QoS of the data stream through the failure recovery process,the transmission is guaranteed by the intersegment QoS complement.The experimental results show that the proposed method has a low failure recovery delay under a relatively small flow table cost.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2901403)the Songshan Laboratory Project(221100210900-02).
文摘The question of whether an ideal network exists with global scalability in its full life cycle has always been a first-principles problem in the research of network systems and architectures.Thus far,it has not been possible to scientifically practice the design criteria of an ideal network in a unimorphic network system,making it difficult to adapt to known services with clear application scenarios while supporting the ever-growing future services with unexpected characteristics.Here,we theoretically prove that no unimorphic network system can simultaneously meet the scalability requirement in a full cycle in three dimensions—the service-level agreement(S),multiplexity(M),and variousness(V)—which we name as the“impossible SMV triangle”dilemma.It is only by transforming the current network development paradigm that the contradiction between global scalability and a unified network infrastructure can be resolved from the perspectives of thinking,methodology,and practice norms.In this paper,we propose a theoretical framework called the polymorphic network environment(PNE),the first principle of which is to separate or decouple application network systems from the infrastructure environment and,under the given resource conditions,use core technologies such as the elementization of network baselines,the dynamic aggregation of resources,and collaborative software and hardware arrangements to generate the capability of the“network of networks.”This makes it possible to construct an ideal network system that is designed for change and capable of symbiosis and coexistence with the generative network morpha in the spatiotemporal dimensions.An environment test for principle verification shows that the generated representative application network modalities can not only coexist without mutual influence but also independently match well-defined multimedia services or custom services under the constraints of technical and economic indicators.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project(No.2020YFB1804803)the Research and Development Program in Key Areas of Guangdong Province(No.2018B010113001)。
文摘Segment Routing(SR)is a new routing paradigm based on source routing and provide traffic engineering(TE)capabilities in IP network.By extending interior gateway protocol(IGP),SR can be easily applied to IP network.However,upgrading current IP network to a full SR one can be costly and difficult.Hybrid IP/SR network will last for some time.Aiming at the low flexibility problem of static TE policies in the current SR networks,this paper proposes a Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL)based TE scheme.The proposed scheme employs multi-path transmission and use DRL to dynamically adjust the traffic splitting ratio among different paths based on the network traffic distribution.As a result,the network congestion can be mitigated and the performance of the network is improved.Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can improve the throughput of the network by up to 9%than existing schemes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21702153 and 21801194)Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(No.whkxjsj009)the support of the Core Facility of Wuhan University and the Large-scale Instrument and Equipment Sharing Foundation of Wuhan University.
文摘Chemotherapy combined with photodynamic therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.However,simultaneously delivering chemotherapeutic drugs and photosensitizers and precisely adjusting the ratio of the two components as needed remains a challengeable task.Herein,novel supramolecular nanoparticles(donated as BODIPY-CPT-NPs)for chemo-photodynamic combination cancer therapy are constructed from a glutathione-responsive camptothecin-based prodrug,BODIPY photosensitizer,and dimacrocyclic host molecule through orthogonal host-guest recognitions and co-assembly.With this strategy,the ratio of prodrugs and photosensitizers in nanoparticles can be easily and precisely controlled as needed.Benefiting from the strong host-guest interactions and stable self-assembly,the nanoparticles exhibit excellent stability and photobleaching resistance.Furthermore,camptothecin can be released from nanoparticles for chemotherapy in the presence of reduction agent and single oxygen can be efficiently generated for PDT with light irradiation.The combined effects of the BODIPY-CPT-NPs have been verified in CT26 and HeLa cancer cells.
基金financially supported by Key Research&Development projects of Shaanxi Province(No.2019ZDXM3-02 to Shanting Zhao and Xuejun Chai)Foundation for top talent recruitment of Xi’an Medical College(No.2018RCYJ04 to Xuejun Chai)+1 种基金“Tianfu Scholar”distinguished expert program of Sichuan Province(No.2020-120 to Shanting Zhao)16th Eucommia Research Grant from Eucommia ulmoides Research Association of Japan(2020 to Shanting Zhao).
文摘Stability is a fundamental ecological property of the gut microbiota and is associated with host health.Numerous studies have shown that unbalanced dietary components disturb the gut microbial composition and thereby contribute to the onset and progression of disease.However,the impact of unbalanced diets on the stability of the gut microbiota is poorly understood.In the present study,four-week-old mice were fed a plant-based diet high in refined carbohydrates or a high-fat diet for four weeks to simulate a persistent unbalanced diet.We found that persistent unbalanced diets significantly reduced the gut bacterial richness and increased the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence networks.Furthermore,the gut bacterial response to unbalanced diets was phylogenetically conserved,which reduced network modularity and enhanced the proportion of positive associations between community taxon,thereby amplifying the co-oscillation of perturbations among community species to destabilize gut microbial communities.The disturbance test revealed that the gut microbiota of mice fed with unbalanced diets was less resistant to antibiotic perturbation and pathogenic bacteria invasion.This study may fill a gap in the mechanistic understanding of the gut microbiota stability in response to diet and provide new insights into the gut microbial ecology.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Program)(No.2013CB329104).
文摘Aiming at the problem of failure recovery in current networks,a fast failure recovery method based on equivalent cooperative routing is proposed.Firstly,the transmission path between the source and destination nodes is divided into several non-overlapping path segments.Next,backup paths are deployed for each link in the path segment through segmented routing technology,which ensures fast routing recovery after failure.Additionally,in order to avoid damaging the QoS of the data stream through the failure recovery process,the transmission is guaranteed by the intersegment QoS complement.The experimental results show that the proposed method has a low failure recovery delay under a relatively small flow table cost.
