Magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)have attracted extensive attention due to their high theoretical capacity,superior safety,and low cost.Nonetheless,the development of MIBs is hindered by the lack of cathode materials with...Magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)have attracted extensive attention due to their high theoretical capacity,superior safety,and low cost.Nonetheless,the development of MIBs is hindered by the lack of cathode materials with long cycle life and rate capability.MXene stands out as a prime choice for MIB cathode or collector for anode-free magnesium batteries(AFMBs)because of its larger surface area,adjustable surface properties,and good electrical conductivity.In this paper,we summarized the preparation and layering methods of MXene and discussed the prospects of MXene as a cathode or collector for MIBs.This review will be immensely beneficial in critically analyzing the synthesis techniques and the applications of MXene material as MIB cathode or AFMB collector.In addition,the challenges of the preparation and layering were concluded,along with raising the research strategies of MXene for storing Mg ions.展开更多
The aluminum(Al)cation Al^(3+)in acidic soil shows severe rhizotoxicity that inhibits plant growth and development.Most woody plants adapted to acidic soils have evolved specific strategies against Al^(3+)toxicity,but...The aluminum(Al)cation Al^(3+)in acidic soil shows severe rhizotoxicity that inhibits plant growth and development.Most woody plants adapted to acidic soils have evolved specific strategies against Al^(3+)toxicity,but the underlying mechanism remains elusive.The four-carbon amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)has been well studied in mammals as an inhibitory neurotransmitter;GABA also controls many physiological responses during environmental or biotic stress.The woody plant hybrid Liriodendron(L.chinense×tulipifera)is widely cultivated in China as a horticultural tree and provides high-quality timber;studying its adaptation to high Al stress is important for harnessing its ecological and economic potential.Here,we performed quantitative iTRAQ(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification)to study how protein expression is altered in hybrid Liriodendron leaves subjected to Al stress.Hybrid Liriodendron shows differential accumulation of several proteins related to cell wall biosynthesis,sugar and proline metabolism,antioxidant activity,cell autophagy,protein ubiquitination degradation,and anion transport in response to Al damage.We observed that Al stress upregulated glutamate decarboxylase(GAD)and its activity,leading to increased GABA biosynthesis.Additional GABA synergistically increased Al-induced antioxidant enzyme activity to efficiently scavenge ROS,enhanced proline biosynthesis,and upregulated the expression of MATE1/2,which subsequently promoted the efflux of citrate for chelation of Al^(3+).We also showed similar effects of GABA on enhanced Al^(3+)tolerance in Arabidopsis.Thus,our findings suggest a function of GABA signaling in enhancing hybrid Liriodendron tolerance to Al stress through promoting organic acid transport and sustaining the cellular redox and osmotic balance.展开更多
Somatic cells respond to considerable stress,and go through a series of phytohormone pathways,then forming an embryo.The developmental process is recorded as somatic embryogenesis(SE).One of the key components regulat...Somatic cells respond to considerable stress,and go through a series of phytohormone pathways,then forming an embryo.The developmental process is recorded as somatic embryogenesis(SE).One of the key components regulating SE are the microRNAs(miRNAs).Despite previous studies,it is still not clear exactly how miRNAs exert their function of regulating targets during conditionally activated early SE.Here,we use Liriodendron sino-americanum as a model system and perform a combined analysis of microfluidic chips and degradome sequencing to study this process.We identified a total of 386 conserved miRNAs and 153 novel miRNAs during early SE.According to the ANOVA test,239 miRNAs showed 12 distinct expression patterns.Through degradome sequencing,419 targets and 198 targets were identified for 136 known miRNAs and 37 novel miRNAs,respectively.Gene Ontology(GO)and metabolism pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these targets were significantly involved in oxidation-reduction processes,calmodulin-mediated signal transduction pathways and carbohydrate metabolism.The genes that were related to stress responses,phytohormone pathways and plant metabolism were identified within the targets of miR319,miR395,miR408,miR472,miR482,miR390,miR2055,miR156,miR157,miR171,miR396,miR397,miR529,miR535 and miR159.According to promoter analysis,various cis-acting elements related to plant growth and development,phytohormones response and stress response were present in the promoter of the miRNAs.The differential expression patterns of 11 miRNA-target modules were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR.The study demonstrated that the miRNA plays an important role in the early SE process by regulating its target and then participating in carbohydrate metabolism and stress response.It also provided a valuable resource for further research in determining the genetic mechanism of SE,and then facilitating breeding programs on plants.展开更多
Cerasus Campanulata is one of several species belonging to the Prunoideae focke,a subfamily of the flowering plant Rosaceae.We investigated the details of its chloroplast genome which may reveal its genus independent ...Cerasus Campanulata is one of several species belonging to the Prunoideae focke,a subfamily of the flowering plant Rosaceae.We investigated the details of its chloroplast genome which may reveal its genus independent of morphological determination.Here,we determined the complete chloroplast(cp)genome sequence of C.campanulata and performed sequence analysis to reveal the presence of 18 forward repeats,20 palindrome repeats,2 complement repeats,4 reverse repeats and 93 simple sequence repeats(SSRs).We additionally performed a comparative study of C.campanulata and seven other Prunoideae focke species.Then,maximum parsimony(MP)and maximum likelihood(ML)phylogenetic analyses were carried out in the little part of Rosaceae,respectively.The results strongly support a position of C.campanulata as a member of the Cerasus in the Rosaceae family.Moreover,the complete cp genome can be used for plant phylogenetic and evolutionary studies that will provide insight into the degree of gene conservation.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Program(2019YFC1803804)Shenyang Science and Technology Program(22-322-3-01)National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(231115)。
文摘Magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)have attracted extensive attention due to their high theoretical capacity,superior safety,and low cost.Nonetheless,the development of MIBs is hindered by the lack of cathode materials with long cycle life and rate capability.MXene stands out as a prime choice for MIB cathode or collector for anode-free magnesium batteries(AFMBs)because of its larger surface area,adjustable surface properties,and good electrical conductivity.In this paper,we summarized the preparation and layering methods of MXene and discussed the prospects of MXene as a cathode or collector for MIBs.This review will be immensely beneficial in critically analyzing the synthesis techniques and the applications of MXene material as MIB cathode or AFMB collector.In addition,the challenges of the preparation and layering were concluded,along with raising the research strategies of MXene for storing Mg ions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071784 and 31770715)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20181176)Qinglan project of Jiangsu province,Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘The aluminum(Al)cation Al^(3+)in acidic soil shows severe rhizotoxicity that inhibits plant growth and development.Most woody plants adapted to acidic soils have evolved specific strategies against Al^(3+)toxicity,but the underlying mechanism remains elusive.The four-carbon amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)has been well studied in mammals as an inhibitory neurotransmitter;GABA also controls many physiological responses during environmental or biotic stress.The woody plant hybrid Liriodendron(L.chinense×tulipifera)is widely cultivated in China as a horticultural tree and provides high-quality timber;studying its adaptation to high Al stress is important for harnessing its ecological and economic potential.Here,we performed quantitative iTRAQ(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification)to study how protein expression is altered in hybrid Liriodendron leaves subjected to Al stress.Hybrid Liriodendron shows differential accumulation of several proteins related to cell wall biosynthesis,sugar and proline metabolism,antioxidant activity,cell autophagy,protein ubiquitination degradation,and anion transport in response to Al damage.We observed that Al stress upregulated glutamate decarboxylase(GAD)and its activity,leading to increased GABA biosynthesis.Additional GABA synergistically increased Al-induced antioxidant enzyme activity to efficiently scavenge ROS,enhanced proline biosynthesis,and upregulated the expression of MATE1/2,which subsequently promoted the efflux of citrate for chelation of Al^(3+).We also showed similar effects of GABA on enhanced Al^(3+)tolerance in Arabidopsis.Thus,our findings suggest a function of GABA signaling in enhancing hybrid Liriodendron tolerance to Al stress through promoting organic acid transport and sustaining the cellular redox and osmotic balance.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China[32071784]the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Provincethe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Somatic cells respond to considerable stress,and go through a series of phytohormone pathways,then forming an embryo.The developmental process is recorded as somatic embryogenesis(SE).One of the key components regulating SE are the microRNAs(miRNAs).Despite previous studies,it is still not clear exactly how miRNAs exert their function of regulating targets during conditionally activated early SE.Here,we use Liriodendron sino-americanum as a model system and perform a combined analysis of microfluidic chips and degradome sequencing to study this process.We identified a total of 386 conserved miRNAs and 153 novel miRNAs during early SE.According to the ANOVA test,239 miRNAs showed 12 distinct expression patterns.Through degradome sequencing,419 targets and 198 targets were identified for 136 known miRNAs and 37 novel miRNAs,respectively.Gene Ontology(GO)and metabolism pathway enrichment analysis revealed that these targets were significantly involved in oxidation-reduction processes,calmodulin-mediated signal transduction pathways and carbohydrate metabolism.The genes that were related to stress responses,phytohormone pathways and plant metabolism were identified within the targets of miR319,miR395,miR408,miR472,miR482,miR390,miR2055,miR156,miR157,miR171,miR396,miR397,miR529,miR535 and miR159.According to promoter analysis,various cis-acting elements related to plant growth and development,phytohormones response and stress response were present in the promoter of the miRNAs.The differential expression patterns of 11 miRNA-target modules were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR.The study demonstrated that the miRNA plays an important role in the early SE process by regulating its target and then participating in carbohydrate metabolism and stress response.It also provided a valuable resource for further research in determining the genetic mechanism of SE,and then facilitating breeding programs on plants.
基金This work was supported by key research and development plan of Foundation of Jiangsu Forestry Bureau(LYKJ[2017]42),Jiangsu Province(BE2017376)the Nature Science Foundation of China(31770715)the Qinglan project of Jiangsu Province,and Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Cerasus Campanulata is one of several species belonging to the Prunoideae focke,a subfamily of the flowering plant Rosaceae.We investigated the details of its chloroplast genome which may reveal its genus independent of morphological determination.Here,we determined the complete chloroplast(cp)genome sequence of C.campanulata and performed sequence analysis to reveal the presence of 18 forward repeats,20 palindrome repeats,2 complement repeats,4 reverse repeats and 93 simple sequence repeats(SSRs).We additionally performed a comparative study of C.campanulata and seven other Prunoideae focke species.Then,maximum parsimony(MP)and maximum likelihood(ML)phylogenetic analyses were carried out in the little part of Rosaceae,respectively.The results strongly support a position of C.campanulata as a member of the Cerasus in the Rosaceae family.Moreover,the complete cp genome can be used for plant phylogenetic and evolutionary studies that will provide insight into the degree of gene conservation.
