Urea generation through electrochemical CO_(2) and NO_(3)~-co-reduction reaction(CO_(2)NO_(3)RR)is still limited by either the low selectivity or yield rate of urea.Herein,we report copper carbonate hydroxide(Cu_2(OH)...Urea generation through electrochemical CO_(2) and NO_(3)~-co-reduction reaction(CO_(2)NO_(3)RR)is still limited by either the low selectivity or yield rate of urea.Herein,we report copper carbonate hydroxide(Cu_2(OH)_2CO_(3))as an efficient CO_(2)NO_(3)RR electrocatalyst with an impressive urea Faradaic efficiency of45.2%±2.1%and a high yield rate of 1564.5±145.2μg h~(-1)mg_(cat)~(-1).More importantly,H_(2) evolution is fully inhibited on this electrocatalyst over a wide potential range between-0.3 and-0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode.Our thermodynamic simulation reveals that the first C-N coupling follows a unique pathway on Cu_2(OH)_2CO_(3) by combining the two intermediates,~*COOH and~*NHO.This work demonstrates that high selectivity and yield rate of urea can be simultaneously achieved on simple Cu-based electrocatalysts in CO_(2)NO_(3)RR,and provide guidance for rational design of more advanced catalysts.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are considered the ideal choice for high volumetric energy density lithium-ion batteries,but uncontrolled lithium deposition poses a significant challenge to the stability of such devices....Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are considered the ideal choice for high volumetric energy density lithium-ion batteries,but uncontrolled lithium deposition poses a significant challenge to the stability of such devices.In this paper,we introduce a 2.5μm-thick asymmetric and ultrastrong separator,which can induce tissue-like lithium deposits.The asymmetric separator,denoted by utPE@Cu_(2)O,was prepared by selective synthesis of Cu_(2)O nanoparticles on one of the outer surfaces of a nanofibrous(diameter~10 nm)ultrastrong ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)membrane.Microscopic analysis shows that the lithium deposits have tissue-like morphology,resulting in the symmetric lithium cells assembled using utPE@Cu_(2)O with symmetric Cu_(2)O coating exhibiting stable performance for over 2000 h of cycling.This work demonstrates the feasibility of a facile approach ultrathin separators for the deployment of lithium metal batteries,providing a pathway towards enhanced battery performance and safety.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to investigate the potential of intratumoral microbiota,gut microbiome,peripheral blood T-cell subsets,and inflammatory markers as predictive biomarkers for antitumor efficacy in patients w...Background:This study aimed to investigate the potential of intratumoral microbiota,gut microbiome,peripheral blood T-cell subsets,and inflammatory markers as predictive biomarkers for antitumor efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Methods:This study observed patients with metastatic non-driver mutation non-small cell lung cancer who were initially diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University’s Department of Oncology from August 2021 to July 2022 and completed at least four cycles of chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.Lung biopsy tissues,fecal,and peripheral blood samples were collected from these patients.Based on the efficacy of the combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy,patients were divided into an effective group and an ineffective group.The tumor microbiota,gut microbiome,peripheral blood T-cell subsets,and inflammatory markers were compared between the two groups.The lung and fecal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.Flow cytometry was used to detect T-cell subsets,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure inflammatory factors.Results:A total of 21 patients were observed.There were significant differences in the tumor microbiota between the responsive and non-responsive groups,particularly the proportion of the genera Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas.The gut microbiome composition changed after treatment,but there were no differences between the two groups before treatment.There were no significant differences in T-cell subsets and inflammatory markers between the responsive and non-responsive groups.Conclusion:The composition of intratumoral microbiota in non-small cell lung cancer patients may serve as an indicator of response to chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy.The predictive value of gut microbiota,T-cell subsets,and inflammatory markers appears limited.Future research should further validate the predictive role of changes in gut microbiota on treatment outcomes.展开更多
Objective There is a lack of effective and long-term safe drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis(OA).Tetrandrine(Tet)has been approved and used to treat rheumatoid arthritis for several decades,but its effect on OA...Objective There is a lack of effective and long-term safe drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis(OA).Tetrandrine(Tet)has been approved and used to treat rheumatoid arthritis for several decades,but its effect on OA has not been investigated.Herein,we explored the effect of Tet on OA and its underlying mechanism.Methods OA was induced using destabilization of the medial meniscus(DMM)in C57BL/6J mice.The animals were randomly divided into sham,DMM,Tet,celecoxib(CXB),and indomethacin(INDO)groups.Each group was given solvent or corresponding drugs by gavage for 7 weeks after convalescence.Pathological staining,OARSI scores,micro-computed tomography and behavior tests were performed to evaluate the effects of Tet.Results Tet remarkably alleviated cartilage injury in the knee joint,limited bone remodeling in the subchondral bone,and delayed progression of OA.Tet also significantly relieved joint pain and maintained function.Further mechanistic studies revealed that Tet lowered inflammatory cytokine levels and selectively suppressed gene and protein expression of cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 but not COX-1(P<0.01).Tet also reduced the production of prostaglandin E2 without damaging the gastric mucosa.Conclusion We found that Tet could selectively inhibit COX-2 gene expression and decrease cytokine levels in mice,thus reducing inflammation and improving OA without obvious gastric adverse events.These results provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of Tet in the treatment of OA.展开更多
In the past 15 years,the shale gas revolution and large-scale commercial developments in the United States have driven the exploration and development of shale plays worldwide.Among many factors affecting shale gas ex...In the past 15 years,the shale gas revolution and large-scale commercial developments in the United States have driven the exploration and development of shale plays worldwide.Among many factors affecting shale gas exploration potential,the gas-bearing properties of shale(quantity,storage state,composition)and their controlling factors are the essential research attracting wide attention in the academic community.This paper reviews the research progress on the retention mechanism,influencing factors,and evaluation methods for resource potential of the shale gas system,and proposes further research directions.Sorption is the main mechanism of gas retention in organic-rich shales;the gas is mainly stored in nanopores of shale in free and sorption states.The presence of water and nonhydrocarbon gases in pores can complicate the process and mechanism of methane(CH4)sorption,and the related theoretical models still need further development.The in-situ gas content and gasbearing properties of shale are governed by the geological properties(organic matter abundance,kerogen type,thermal maturity,mineral composition,diagenesis),the properties of fluids in pores(water,CH_(4),non-hydrocarbon gases),and geological conditions(temperature,pressure,preservation conditions)of the shale itself.For a particular basin or block,it is still challenging to define the main controlling factors,screen favorable exploration areas,and locate sweet spots.Compared to marine shales with extensive research and exploration data,lacustrine and marine-continental transitional shales are a further expanding area of investigation.Various methods have been developed to quantitatively characterize the in-situ gas content of shales,but all these methods have their own limitations,and more in-depth studies are needed to accurately evaluate and predict the in-situ gas content of shales,especially shales at deep depth.展开更多
The authors examined the original data of their work and noticed misuse of images in fig.1 and fig.3(as shown below on the upper panels,red box).The correct images are shown on the lower panels(red box).The authors si...The authors examined the original data of their work and noticed misuse of images in fig.1 and fig.3(as shown below on the upper panels,red box).The correct images are shown on the lower panels(red box).The authors sincerely apologize for the mistake and confirm the change does not affect the scientific conclusion of the published work.展开更多
BACKGROUND Primiparas are usually at high risk of experiencing perinatal depression,which may cause prolonged labor,increased blood loss,and intensified pain,affecting maternal and fetal outcomes.Therefore,interventio...BACKGROUND Primiparas are usually at high risk of experiencing perinatal depression,which may cause prolonged labor,increased blood loss,and intensified pain,affecting maternal and fetal outcomes.Therefore,interventions are necessary to improve maternal and fetal outcomes and alleviate primiparas’negative emotions(NEs).AIM To discusses the impact of nursing responsibility in midwifery and postural and psychological interventions on maternal and fetal outcomes as well as primiparas’NEs.METHODS As participants,115 primiparas admitted to Quanzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital between May 2020 and May 2022 were selected.Among them,56 primiparas(control group,Con)were subjected to conventional midwifery and routine nursing.The remaining 59(research group,Res)were subjected to the nursing model of midwifery and postural and psychological interventions.Both groups were comparatively analyzed from the perspectives of delivery mode(cesarean,natural,or forceps-assisted),maternal and fetal outcomes(uterine inertia,postpartum hemorrhage,placental abruption,neonatal pulmonary injury,and neonatal asphyxia),NEs(Hamilton Anxiety/Depressionrating Scale,HAMA/HAMD),labor duration,and nursing satisfaction.RESULTS The Res exhibited a markedly higher natural delivery rate and nursing satisfaction than the Con.Additionally,the Res indicated a lower incidence of adverse events(e.g.,uterine inertia,postpartum hemorrhage,placental abruption,neonatal lung injury,and neonatal asphyxia)and shortened duration of various stages of labor.It also showed statistically lower post-interventional HAMA and HAMD scores than the Con and pre-interventional values.CONCLUSION The nursing model of midwifery and postural and psychological interventions increase the natural delivery rate and reduce the duration of each labor stage.These are also conducive to improving maternal and fetal outcomes and mitigating primiparas’NEs and thus deserve popularity in clinical practice.展开更多
To study the influence of thickness on the magnetic properties of ReBCO(Re = Y, Gd, Sm, Nd, etc.) bulk superconductors, a single domain gadolinium barium copper oxide(GdBCO) bulk superconductor fabricated by the Re + ...To study the influence of thickness on the magnetic properties of ReBCO(Re = Y, Gd, Sm, Nd, etc.) bulk superconductors, a single domain gadolinium barium copper oxide(GdBCO) bulk superconductor fabricated by the Re + 011 top seeded infiltration growth(Re + 011 TSIG) method was continuously sliced along the bottom to obtain samples of different thickness. The levitation force and attractive force of these samples were tested at 77 K in the zero-field-cooled(ZFC)state. It is found that as the sample thickness decreases, the levitation force decreases gradually whereas the attractive force increases. This is related to the varied ability to resist the penetration of magnetic field occasioned by varying sample thickness, which are deeply revealed by combining with the characteristics of the non-ideal type-II superconductor. Further,the levitation force exhibits a trend of slow initial change followed by rapid change, which may be attributed to the growth of the sample. Measurement of the trapped field shows that a similar distribution of trapped field at the top and bottom surfaces can be achieved by removing some materials from the bottom of the bulk. These results provide a reference for meeting the actual requirements of ReBCO bulks of different thicknesses and greatly contribute to practical designs and applications.展开更多
Life expectancy of the elderly is a significant problem in China, and it changes not only the health care, but also the pension. This study used tracking data from the Chinese Urban and Rural Elderly Population Survey...Life expectancy of the elderly is a significant problem in China, and it changes not only the health care, but also the pension. This study used tracking data from the Chinese Urban and Rural Elderly Population Survey to calculate the age-specific Active Life Expectancy (ALE) of the Chinese elderly population aged 60 years and over. For analysis, this population was divided into different sub-populations according to gender, census register and region. The main conclusions of our study are as follows: 1) The quality of life for elderly males may be greater than that for elderly females;2) There were significant differences in Active Life Expectancy (ALE) and Inactive Life Expectancy (ILE) between urban and rural elderly;3) The differences in ALE between the eastern, central and western regions of China were not significant;and 4) The increased remaining life expectancy of the elderly was mainly attributed to the extended ALE in the lower age group and the expanded ILE in the higher age group. This study expands the knowledge of Chinese elderly’s life expectancy in different health status.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate hydrochloride(PDTC) on vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and endostatin expression in mice with Lewis lung cance;and its mech...Objective:To investigate the effects of NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate hydrochloride(PDTC) on vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and endostatin expression in mice with Lewis lung cance;and its mechanism.Methods:Mice survival rate and anti-tumor effects were observed in different concentrations of NF-κB inhibitor PDTC after the Lewis lung cancer mice model was established.VEGF and endostatin expressions were detected by immunohistochemical assay.Results:Lewis lung cancer was be inhibited by 0.5 mg/kg.1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg of NF-κB inhibitor PDTC(P<0.05).Microvessel density(MVD) in 0.5 mg/kg.1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg NF-κB inhibitor PDTC groups were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical assay results showed that VEGF and endostatin expressions in the 0.5 mg/kg.1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg NF-κB inhibitor PDTC groups were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).Western blot results also showed that NF-κB inhibitor PDTC could inhibit VEGF and endostatin expressions in tumor tissues.Conclusions:NF-κB inhibitor PDTC can inhibit tumor formation and reduce tumor angiogenesis in mice with Lewis lung cancer;and its mechanism maybe associated to VEGF and endostatin down-regulation.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanism for regulation of cholesterol metabolism by hepatitis C virus(HCV) core protein in Hep G2 cells.METHODS: HCV genotype 1b core protein was cloned and expressed in Hep G2 cell...AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanism for regulation of cholesterol metabolism by hepatitis C virus(HCV) core protein in Hep G2 cells.METHODS: HCV genotype 1b core protein was cloned and expressed in Hep G2 cells. The cholesterol content was determined after transfection. The expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2(SREBP2) and the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis(HMGCR) was measured by quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting after transfection. The effects of core protein on the SREBP2 promoter and 3'-untranslated region were analyzed by luciferase assay. We used different target predictive algorithms, micro RNA(mi RNA) mimics/inhibitors, and site-directed mutation to identify a putative target of a particular mi RNA.RESULTS: HCV core protein expression in Hep G2 cells increased the total intracellular cholesterol level(4.05 ± 0.17 vs 6.47 ± 0.68, P = 0.001), and this increase corresponded to an increase in SREBP2 and HMGCR m RNA levels(P = 0.009 and 0.037, respectively) and protein expression. The molecular mechanism studyrevealed that the HCV core protein increased the expression of SREBP2 by enhancing its promoter activity(P = 0.004). In addition, mi R-185-5p expression was tightly regulated by the HCV core protein(P = 0.041). Moreover, overexpression of mi R-185-5p repressed the SREBP2 m RNA level(P = 0.022) and protein expression. In contrast, inhibition of mi R-185-5p caused upregulation of SREBP2 protein expression. mi R-185-5p was involved in the regulation of SREBP2 expression by HCV core protein. CONCLUSION: HCV core protein disturbs the cholesterol homeostasis in Hep G2 cells via the SREBP2 pathway; mi R-185-5p is involved in the regulation of SREBP2 by the core protein.展开更多
lntracellular redox homeostasis plays a critical role in determining tumor cells＇ sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis. Here we investigated the role of thioredoxin-1 （TRX1）, a key component of redox regulation, i...lntracellular redox homeostasis plays a critical role in determining tumor cells＇ sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis. Here we investigated the role of thioredoxin-1 （TRX1）, a key component of redox regulation, in arsenic trioxide （AS2O3）-induced apoptosis. Over-expression of wild-type TRX1 in HepG2 cells led to the inhibition of As2O3-induced cytochrome c （cyto c） release, caspase activation and apoptosis, and down-regulation of TRX1 expression by RNAi sensitized HepG2 cells to As2O3-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, mutation of the active site of TRX1 from Cys^32/35 to Ser^32/35 converted this molecule from an apoptotic protector to an apoptotic promoter. In an effort to understand the mechanisms of this conversion, we used isolated mitochondria from mouse liver and found that recombinant wild-type TRX1 could protect mitochondria from the apoptotic changes. In contrast, the mutant form of TRX1 alone elicited mitochondria-related apoptotic changes, including the mitochondrial permeability transition pore （mPTP） opening, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cyto c release from mitochondria. These apoptotic effects were inhibited by cyclosporine A （CsA）, indicating that mutant TRX1 targeted to mPTP. Alteration of TRX1 from its reduced form to oxidized form in vivo by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB）, a specific inhibitor ofTRX reductase, also sensitized HepG2 cells to As203-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that TRX1 plays a central role in regulating apoptosis by blocking cyto c release, and inactivation of TRX1 by either mutation or oxidization of the active site cysteines may sensitize tumor cells to As2O3-induced apoptosis.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the changes in clinical symptoms and gastric emptying and their association in functional dyspepsia(FD) patients.METHODS: Seventy FD patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups Helicobacter py...AIM: To investigate the changes in clinical symptoms and gastric emptying and their association in functional dyspepsia(FD) patients.METHODS: Seventy FD patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)-negative group(28 patients), and H. pylori-positive group(42 patients). Patients in the H. pylori-positive group were further randomly divided into groups: H. pylori-treatment group(21 patients) and conventional treatment group(21 patients). Seventy two healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The proximal and distal stomach area was measured by ultrasound immediately after patients took the test meal, and at 20, 40, 60 and 90 min; then, gastric half-emptying time was calculated. The incidence of symptoms and gastric half-emptying time between the FD and control groups were compared. The H. pylori-negative and conventional treatment groups were givenconventional treatment: domperidone 0.6 mg/(kg/d) for 1 mo. The H. pylori-treatment group was given H. pylori eradication treatment + conventional treatment: lansoprazole 30 mg once daily, clarithromycin 0.5 g twice daily and amoxicillin 1.0 g twice daily for 1 wk, then domperidone 0.6 mg/(kg/d) for 1 mo. The incidence of symptoms and gastric emptying were compared between the FD and control groups. The relationship between dyspeptic symptoms and gastric half-emptying time in the FD and control groups were analyzed. Then total symptom scores before and after treatment and gastric half-emptying time were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS: The incidence of abdominal pain, epigastric burning sensation, abdominal distension, nausea, belching, and early satiety symptoms in the FD group were significantly higher than in the control group(50.0% vs 20.8%; 37.1% vs 12.5%; 78.6% vs 44.4%; 45.7% vs 22.2%; 52.9% vs 15.3%; 57.1% vs 19.4%; all P < 0.05). The gastric half-emptying times of the proximal end, distal end, and the whole stomach in the FD group were slower than in the control group(93.7 ± 26.2 vs 72.0 ± 14.3; 102.2 ± 26.4 vs 87.5 ± 18.2; 102.1 ± 28.6 vs 78.3 ± 14.1; all P < 0.05). Abdominal distension, belching and early satiety had an effect on distal gastric half-emptying time(P < 0.05). Abdominal distension and abdominal pain had an effect on the gastric half-emptying time of the whole stomach(P < 0.05). All were risk factors(odds ratio > 1). The total symptom score of the 3 groups after treatment was lower than before treatment(P < 0.05). Total symptom scores after treatment in the H. pylori-treatment group and H. pylori-negative group were lower than in the conventional treatment group(5.15 ± 2.27 vs 7.02 ± 3.04, 4.93 ± 3.22 vs 7.02 ± 3.04, All P < 0.05). The gastric half-emptying times of the proximal end, distal end, and the whole stomach in the H. pylori-negative and H. pylori-treatment groups were shorter than in the conventional treatment group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: FD patients have delayed gastric emptying. H. pylori infection treatment helps to improve symptoms of dyspepsia and is a reasonable choice for treatment in clinical practice.展开更多
Background:Tauroursodeoxycholic acid(TUDCA),a hydrophilic bile acid,is the main medicinal component of bear bile and is commonly used to treat a variety of hepatobiliary diseases.Meanwhile,TUDCA has been shown to modu...Background:Tauroursodeoxycholic acid(TUDCA),a hydrophilic bile acid,is the main medicinal component of bear bile and is commonly used to treat a variety of hepatobiliary diseases.Meanwhile,TUDCA has been shown to modulate the intestinal barrier function and alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice.However,the effect of TUDCA on the intestinal barrier of weaned piglets remains largely unclear.Methods:The weaned piglets and porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells were used to investigate the effects of TUDCA on intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets and explore the possible underlying mechanisms.In vivo,72 healthy weaned piglets were randomly allocated into 2 groups according to their gender and body weight,and piglets were fed the basal diet with 0(control,CON)and 200 mg/kg TUDCA for 30 d,respectively.Three female and three male piglets reflecting the average bodyweight were slaughtered in each group and samples were collected.In vitro,IPEC-J2 cells were subjected to 100μmol/L TUDCA to explore the possible underlying mechanisms.Results:Our results demonstrated that dietary TUDCA supplementation significantly reduced the diarrhea incidence of weaned piglets,possibly attributing to the TUDCA-enhanced intestinal barrier function and immunity.In addition,TUDCA supplementation altered serum metabolites and the relative abundance of certain gut bacteria,which might contribute to the improved intestinal barrier function.Furthermore,the in-vitro results showed that TUDCA improved the E.coli-induced epithelial barrier impairment of IPEC-J2 cells and increased Takeda G-coupled protein receptor 5(TGR5)protein expression.However,knockdown of TGR5 and inhibition of myosin light chain kinase(MLCK)pathway abolished the TUDCA-improved epithelial barrier impairment in E.coli-treated IPEC-J2 cells,indicating the involvement of TGR5-MLCK in this process.Conclusions:These findings showed that TUDCA improved intestinal barrier function associated with TGR5-MLCK pathway and the alteration of serum metabolites and gut bacteria in weaned piglets,suggesting the potential application of TUDCA in improving gut health in piglet production.展开更多
Sodium-organic batteries utilizing natural abundance of sodium element and renewable active materials gain great attentions for grid-scale applications.However,the development is still limited by lack of suitable orga...Sodium-organic batteries utilizing natural abundance of sodium element and renewable active materials gain great attentions for grid-scale applications.However,the development is still limited by lack of suitable organic cathode materials with high electronic conductivity that can be operated stably in liquid electrolyte.Herein,we present 5,15-bis(ethynyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin(DEPP)and[5,15-bis(ethynyl)-10,20-diphenylporphinato]copper(II)(CuDEPP)as new cathodes for extremely stable sodium-organic batteries.The copper(II)ion partially contributes the charge storage and significantly stabilizes the structure of porphyrin complex for electrochemical energy storage.In situ electrochemical stabilization of organic cathode with a lower charging current density was identified which enables both improved high energy density and power density.An excellent longterm cycling stability up to 600 cycles and an extremely high power density of 28 kW kg−1 were achieved for porphyrin-based cathode.This observation would open new pathway for developing highly stable sodium-organic cathode for electrochemical energy storage.展开更多
Feed intake control is vital to ensuring optimal nutrition and achieving full potential for growth and development in poultry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of L-leucine, L-glutamate, L-t...Feed intake control is vital to ensuring optimal nutrition and achieving full potential for growth and development in poultry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of L-leucine, L-glutamate, L-tryptophan and L-arginine on feed intake and the mRNA expression levels of hypothalamic Neuropeptide involved in feed intake regulation in broiler chicks. Leucine, glutamate, tryptophan or arginine was intra-cerebroventricularly （ICV） administrated to 4d-old broiler chicks respectively and the feed intake were recorded at various time points. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of Neuropeptide Y （NPY）, agouti related protein （AgRP）, pro-opiomelanocortin （POMC）, melanocortin receptor 4 （MC4R） and corticotrophin releasing factor （CRF）. Our results showed that ICV administration of L-leucine （0.15 or 1.5 μmol） significantly （P〈0.05） increased feed intake up to 2 h post-administration period and elevated both hypothalamic NPY and AgRP mRNA expression levels. In contrast, ICV administration of L-glutamate （1.6 μmol） significantly （P 〈 0.05） decreased feed intake 0.25, 0.5 and 2 h post-injection, and increased hypothalamic CRF and MC4R mRNA expression levels. Meanwhile, both L-tryptophan （10 or 100 μg） and L-arginine （20 or 200 μg） had no significant effect on feed intake. These findings suggested that L-leucine and L-glutamate could act within the hypothalamus to influence food intake, and that both orexigenic and anorexigenic Neuropeptide genes might contribute directly to these effects.展开更多
Microstructure,phase transformation and mechanical properties of NiMnGa particles/Cu composites prepared by spark plasma sintering method were investigated by SEM,EDS,XRD,susceptibility measurements and mechanical tes...Microstructure,phase transformation and mechanical properties of NiMnGa particles/Cu composites prepared by spark plasma sintering method were investigated by SEM,EDS,XRD,susceptibility measurements and mechanical tests.The NiMnGa particles were found to react with Cu matrix and the composites exhibited a similar crystal structure to the Cu matrix.The martensitic transformation and Curie transition of the composites were weakened due to the composition change of NiMnGa particles caused by reactions.With increasing NiMnGa particles content,the martensitic transformation and Curie transition of the composites were enhanced to some extent.However,the martensitic transformation temperature and Curie transition temperature were decreased by~50 K as compared to those of the original NiMnGa particles.The compressive strength of the composites increased with the increase of NiMnGa particles content,whereas the compressive strain was decreased gradually.展开更多
Depth-dependent distribution patterns of bacterial and archaeal communities in deep sea water column around the Ninetyeast Ridge in the Indian Ocean were investigated using 16S rRNA gene profiling.Sampling was conduct...Depth-dependent distribution patterns of bacterial and archaeal communities in deep sea water column around the Ninetyeast Ridge in the Indian Ocean were investigated using 16S rRNA gene profiling.Sampling was conducted at the northern Ninetyeast Ridge(1°59.89′N–9°59.70′S,87°58.90′E–88°00.03′E)from September to November 2016 where samples were collected from the bathyal(1000 m)to bathypelagic depths(>4000 m)in four different stations.A total of 1565405 clean data falling into 6712 bacterial OTUs and 1452727 clean data falling into 806 archaeal OTUs based on 97%similarity level were analyzed.Most of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria,followed by Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidia.The archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences mostly affiliated to Nitrososphaeria(Thaumarchaeota)dominated with relative abundances ranging from 52.68%to 97.2%,followed by Thermoplasmata(Euryarchaeota).Vertical partitioning of bacterial and archaeal communities among different water layers was observed.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)and Spearman’s correlations revealed that depth(P=0.003),dissolved oxygen(P=0.019),and nitrite(P=0.033)were the main environmental factors affecting bacterial community structure at genus level in the Ninetyeast Ridge.On the other hand,the first two CCA axes accounted for 74.4%of the explained total variance,it seems that the archaeal communities at genus level were heavily influenced by the environmental variables including depth,dissolved oxygen(DO),nitrite,salinity,phosphate,ammonia,nitrate,and silicate,but none of them exhibited any significant correlation on the structuring(P>0.1).展开更多
基金supported by the Research Grants Council(26206115,16304821 and 16309418)the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(SMSEGL20SC01)+2 种基金the Innovation and Technology Commission(grant no.ITC-CNERC14EG03)of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Regionthe Hong Kong Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme(HKUST PDFS2021-4S12 and HKUST PDFS2021-6S08)the support from the Shenzhen fundamental research funding(JCYJ20210324115809026,20200925154115001,JCYJ20200109141216566)。
文摘Urea generation through electrochemical CO_(2) and NO_(3)~-co-reduction reaction(CO_(2)NO_(3)RR)is still limited by either the low selectivity or yield rate of urea.Herein,we report copper carbonate hydroxide(Cu_2(OH)_2CO_(3))as an efficient CO_(2)NO_(3)RR electrocatalyst with an impressive urea Faradaic efficiency of45.2%±2.1%and a high yield rate of 1564.5±145.2μg h~(-1)mg_(cat)~(-1).More importantly,H_(2) evolution is fully inhibited on this electrocatalyst over a wide potential range between-0.3 and-0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode.Our thermodynamic simulation reveals that the first C-N coupling follows a unique pathway on Cu_2(OH)_2CO_(3) by combining the two intermediates,~*COOH and~*NHO.This work demonstrates that high selectivity and yield rate of urea can be simultaneously achieved on simple Cu-based electrocatalysts in CO_(2)NO_(3)RR,and provide guidance for rational design of more advanced catalysts.
基金financial support from the Guangzhou Municipal Government.
文摘Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are considered the ideal choice for high volumetric energy density lithium-ion batteries,but uncontrolled lithium deposition poses a significant challenge to the stability of such devices.In this paper,we introduce a 2.5μm-thick asymmetric and ultrastrong separator,which can induce tissue-like lithium deposits.The asymmetric separator,denoted by utPE@Cu_(2)O,was prepared by selective synthesis of Cu_(2)O nanoparticles on one of the outer surfaces of a nanofibrous(diameter~10 nm)ultrastrong ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)membrane.Microscopic analysis shows that the lithium deposits have tissue-like morphology,resulting in the symmetric lithium cells assembled using utPE@Cu_(2)O with symmetric Cu_(2)O coating exhibiting stable performance for over 2000 h of cycling.This work demonstrates the feasibility of a facile approach ultrathin separators for the deployment of lithium metal batteries,providing a pathway towards enhanced battery performance and safety.
文摘Background:This study aimed to investigate the potential of intratumoral microbiota,gut microbiome,peripheral blood T-cell subsets,and inflammatory markers as predictive biomarkers for antitumor efficacy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Methods:This study observed patients with metastatic non-driver mutation non-small cell lung cancer who were initially diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University’s Department of Oncology from August 2021 to July 2022 and completed at least four cycles of chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.Lung biopsy tissues,fecal,and peripheral blood samples were collected from these patients.Based on the efficacy of the combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy,patients were divided into an effective group and an ineffective group.The tumor microbiota,gut microbiome,peripheral blood T-cell subsets,and inflammatory markers were compared between the two groups.The lung and fecal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.Flow cytometry was used to detect T-cell subsets,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure inflammatory factors.Results:A total of 21 patients were observed.There were significant differences in the tumor microbiota between the responsive and non-responsive groups,particularly the proportion of the genera Sphingomonas and Pseudomonas.The gut microbiome composition changed after treatment,but there were no differences between the two groups before treatment.There were no significant differences in T-cell subsets and inflammatory markers between the responsive and non-responsive groups.Conclusion:The composition of intratumoral microbiota in non-small cell lung cancer patients may serve as an indicator of response to chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy.The predictive value of gut microbiota,T-cell subsets,and inflammatory markers appears limited.Future research should further validate the predictive role of changes in gut microbiota on treatment outcomes.
基金This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2020CFB868).
文摘Objective There is a lack of effective and long-term safe drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis(OA).Tetrandrine(Tet)has been approved and used to treat rheumatoid arthritis for several decades,but its effect on OA has not been investigated.Herein,we explored the effect of Tet on OA and its underlying mechanism.Methods OA was induced using destabilization of the medial meniscus(DMM)in C57BL/6J mice.The animals were randomly divided into sham,DMM,Tet,celecoxib(CXB),and indomethacin(INDO)groups.Each group was given solvent or corresponding drugs by gavage for 7 weeks after convalescence.Pathological staining,OARSI scores,micro-computed tomography and behavior tests were performed to evaluate the effects of Tet.Results Tet remarkably alleviated cartilage injury in the knee joint,limited bone remodeling in the subchondral bone,and delayed progression of OA.Tet also significantly relieved joint pain and maintained function.Further mechanistic studies revealed that Tet lowered inflammatory cytokine levels and selectively suppressed gene and protein expression of cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 but not COX-1(P<0.01).Tet also reduced the production of prostaglandin E2 without damaging the gastric mucosa.Conclusion We found that Tet could selectively inhibit COX-2 gene expression and decrease cytokine levels in mice,thus reducing inflammation and improving OA without obvious gastric adverse events.These results provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of Tet in the treatment of OA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19B6003-03-01)the Science and Technology Department of Shanxi Province,China(20201101003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42030804).
文摘In the past 15 years,the shale gas revolution and large-scale commercial developments in the United States have driven the exploration and development of shale plays worldwide.Among many factors affecting shale gas exploration potential,the gas-bearing properties of shale(quantity,storage state,composition)and their controlling factors are the essential research attracting wide attention in the academic community.This paper reviews the research progress on the retention mechanism,influencing factors,and evaluation methods for resource potential of the shale gas system,and proposes further research directions.Sorption is the main mechanism of gas retention in organic-rich shales;the gas is mainly stored in nanopores of shale in free and sorption states.The presence of water and nonhydrocarbon gases in pores can complicate the process and mechanism of methane(CH4)sorption,and the related theoretical models still need further development.The in-situ gas content and gasbearing properties of shale are governed by the geological properties(organic matter abundance,kerogen type,thermal maturity,mineral composition,diagenesis),the properties of fluids in pores(water,CH_(4),non-hydrocarbon gases),and geological conditions(temperature,pressure,preservation conditions)of the shale itself.For a particular basin or block,it is still challenging to define the main controlling factors,screen favorable exploration areas,and locate sweet spots.Compared to marine shales with extensive research and exploration data,lacustrine and marine-continental transitional shales are a further expanding area of investigation.Various methods have been developed to quantitatively characterize the in-situ gas content of shales,but all these methods have their own limitations,and more in-depth studies are needed to accurately evaluate and predict the in-situ gas content of shales,especially shales at deep depth.
文摘The authors examined the original data of their work and noticed misuse of images in fig.1 and fig.3(as shown below on the upper panels,red box).The correct images are shown on the lower panels(red box).The authors sincerely apologize for the mistake and confirm the change does not affect the scientific conclusion of the published work.
文摘BACKGROUND Primiparas are usually at high risk of experiencing perinatal depression,which may cause prolonged labor,increased blood loss,and intensified pain,affecting maternal and fetal outcomes.Therefore,interventions are necessary to improve maternal and fetal outcomes and alleviate primiparas’negative emotions(NEs).AIM To discusses the impact of nursing responsibility in midwifery and postural and psychological interventions on maternal and fetal outcomes as well as primiparas’NEs.METHODS As participants,115 primiparas admitted to Quanzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital between May 2020 and May 2022 were selected.Among them,56 primiparas(control group,Con)were subjected to conventional midwifery and routine nursing.The remaining 59(research group,Res)were subjected to the nursing model of midwifery and postural and psychological interventions.Both groups were comparatively analyzed from the perspectives of delivery mode(cesarean,natural,or forceps-assisted),maternal and fetal outcomes(uterine inertia,postpartum hemorrhage,placental abruption,neonatal pulmonary injury,and neonatal asphyxia),NEs(Hamilton Anxiety/Depressionrating Scale,HAMA/HAMD),labor duration,and nursing satisfaction.RESULTS The Res exhibited a markedly higher natural delivery rate and nursing satisfaction than the Con.Additionally,the Res indicated a lower incidence of adverse events(e.g.,uterine inertia,postpartum hemorrhage,placental abruption,neonatal lung injury,and neonatal asphyxia)and shortened duration of various stages of labor.It also showed statistically lower post-interventional HAMA and HAMD scores than the Con and pre-interventional values.CONCLUSION The nursing model of midwifery and postural and psychological interventions increase the natural delivery rate and reduce the duration of each labor stage.These are also conducive to improving maternal and fetal outcomes and mitigating primiparas’NEs and thus deserve popularity in clinical practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52072229)the Key-grant Project of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 311033)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. GK201706001)the Teaching Reform and Innovation Project of Higher Education in Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. J2021719)。
文摘To study the influence of thickness on the magnetic properties of ReBCO(Re = Y, Gd, Sm, Nd, etc.) bulk superconductors, a single domain gadolinium barium copper oxide(GdBCO) bulk superconductor fabricated by the Re + 011 top seeded infiltration growth(Re + 011 TSIG) method was continuously sliced along the bottom to obtain samples of different thickness. The levitation force and attractive force of these samples were tested at 77 K in the zero-field-cooled(ZFC)state. It is found that as the sample thickness decreases, the levitation force decreases gradually whereas the attractive force increases. This is related to the varied ability to resist the penetration of magnetic field occasioned by varying sample thickness, which are deeply revealed by combining with the characteristics of the non-ideal type-II superconductor. Further,the levitation force exhibits a trend of slow initial change followed by rapid change, which may be attributed to the growth of the sample. Measurement of the trapped field shows that a similar distribution of trapped field at the top and bottom surfaces can be achieved by removing some materials from the bottom of the bulk. These results provide a reference for meeting the actual requirements of ReBCO bulks of different thicknesses and greatly contribute to practical designs and applications.
文摘Life expectancy of the elderly is a significant problem in China, and it changes not only the health care, but also the pension. This study used tracking data from the Chinese Urban and Rural Elderly Population Survey to calculate the age-specific Active Life Expectancy (ALE) of the Chinese elderly population aged 60 years and over. For analysis, this population was divided into different sub-populations according to gender, census register and region. The main conclusions of our study are as follows: 1) The quality of life for elderly males may be greater than that for elderly females;2) There were significant differences in Active Life Expectancy (ALE) and Inactive Life Expectancy (ILE) between urban and rural elderly;3) The differences in ALE between the eastern, central and western regions of China were not significant;and 4) The increased remaining life expectancy of the elderly was mainly attributed to the extended ALE in the lower age group and the expanded ILE in the higher age group. This study expands the knowledge of Chinese elderly’s life expectancy in different health status.
基金supported by Natural Science Fund Project of Liaoning Province.No.:201102050
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate hydrochloride(PDTC) on vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and endostatin expression in mice with Lewis lung cance;and its mechanism.Methods:Mice survival rate and anti-tumor effects were observed in different concentrations of NF-κB inhibitor PDTC after the Lewis lung cancer mice model was established.VEGF and endostatin expressions were detected by immunohistochemical assay.Results:Lewis lung cancer was be inhibited by 0.5 mg/kg.1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg of NF-κB inhibitor PDTC(P<0.05).Microvessel density(MVD) in 0.5 mg/kg.1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg NF-κB inhibitor PDTC groups were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical assay results showed that VEGF and endostatin expressions in the 0.5 mg/kg.1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg NF-κB inhibitor PDTC groups were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).Western blot results also showed that NF-κB inhibitor PDTC could inhibit VEGF and endostatin expressions in tumor tissues.Conclusions:NF-κB inhibitor PDTC can inhibit tumor formation and reduce tumor angiogenesis in mice with Lewis lung cancer;and its mechanism maybe associated to VEGF and endostatin down-regulation.
基金Supported by Medical Specialty Development Projects of Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals,No.ZYLX201402Ministry of Education of The People’s Republic of China,No.20121107110012+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Commission of Education,No.11320016Collaborative Innovation Center of Infectious Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases,Beijing,China
文摘AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanism for regulation of cholesterol metabolism by hepatitis C virus(HCV) core protein in Hep G2 cells.METHODS: HCV genotype 1b core protein was cloned and expressed in Hep G2 cells. The cholesterol content was determined after transfection. The expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2(SREBP2) and the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis(HMGCR) was measured by quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting after transfection. The effects of core protein on the SREBP2 promoter and 3'-untranslated region were analyzed by luciferase assay. We used different target predictive algorithms, micro RNA(mi RNA) mimics/inhibitors, and site-directed mutation to identify a putative target of a particular mi RNA.RESULTS: HCV core protein expression in Hep G2 cells increased the total intracellular cholesterol level(4.05 ± 0.17 vs 6.47 ± 0.68, P = 0.001), and this increase corresponded to an increase in SREBP2 and HMGCR m RNA levels(P = 0.009 and 0.037, respectively) and protein expression. The molecular mechanism studyrevealed that the HCV core protein increased the expression of SREBP2 by enhancing its promoter activity(P = 0.004). In addition, mi R-185-5p expression was tightly regulated by the HCV core protein(P = 0.041). Moreover, overexpression of mi R-185-5p repressed the SREBP2 m RNA level(P = 0.022) and protein expression. In contrast, inhibition of mi R-185-5p caused upregulation of SREBP2 protein expression. mi R-185-5p was involved in the regulation of SREBP2 expression by HCV core protein. CONCLUSION: HCV core protein disturbs the cholesterol homeostasis in Hep G2 cells via the SREBP2 pathway; mi R-185-5p is involved in the regulation of SREBP2 by the core protein.
文摘lntracellular redox homeostasis plays a critical role in determining tumor cells＇ sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis. Here we investigated the role of thioredoxin-1 （TRX1）, a key component of redox regulation, in arsenic trioxide （AS2O3）-induced apoptosis. Over-expression of wild-type TRX1 in HepG2 cells led to the inhibition of As2O3-induced cytochrome c （cyto c） release, caspase activation and apoptosis, and down-regulation of TRX1 expression by RNAi sensitized HepG2 cells to As2O3-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, mutation of the active site of TRX1 from Cys^32/35 to Ser^32/35 converted this molecule from an apoptotic protector to an apoptotic promoter. In an effort to understand the mechanisms of this conversion, we used isolated mitochondria from mouse liver and found that recombinant wild-type TRX1 could protect mitochondria from the apoptotic changes. In contrast, the mutant form of TRX1 alone elicited mitochondria-related apoptotic changes, including the mitochondrial permeability transition pore （mPTP） opening, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and cyto c release from mitochondria. These apoptotic effects were inhibited by cyclosporine A （CsA）, indicating that mutant TRX1 targeted to mPTP. Alteration of TRX1 from its reduced form to oxidized form in vivo by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene （DNCB）, a specific inhibitor ofTRX reductase, also sensitized HepG2 cells to As203-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that TRX1 plays a central role in regulating apoptosis by blocking cyto c release, and inactivation of TRX1 by either mutation or oxidization of the active site cysteines may sensitize tumor cells to As2O3-induced apoptosis.
文摘AIM: To investigate the changes in clinical symptoms and gastric emptying and their association in functional dyspepsia(FD) patients.METHODS: Seventy FD patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)-negative group(28 patients), and H. pylori-positive group(42 patients). Patients in the H. pylori-positive group were further randomly divided into groups: H. pylori-treatment group(21 patients) and conventional treatment group(21 patients). Seventy two healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The proximal and distal stomach area was measured by ultrasound immediately after patients took the test meal, and at 20, 40, 60 and 90 min; then, gastric half-emptying time was calculated. The incidence of symptoms and gastric half-emptying time between the FD and control groups were compared. The H. pylori-negative and conventional treatment groups were givenconventional treatment: domperidone 0.6 mg/(kg/d) for 1 mo. The H. pylori-treatment group was given H. pylori eradication treatment + conventional treatment: lansoprazole 30 mg once daily, clarithromycin 0.5 g twice daily and amoxicillin 1.0 g twice daily for 1 wk, then domperidone 0.6 mg/(kg/d) for 1 mo. The incidence of symptoms and gastric emptying were compared between the FD and control groups. The relationship between dyspeptic symptoms and gastric half-emptying time in the FD and control groups were analyzed. Then total symptom scores before and after treatment and gastric half-emptying time were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS: The incidence of abdominal pain, epigastric burning sensation, abdominal distension, nausea, belching, and early satiety symptoms in the FD group were significantly higher than in the control group(50.0% vs 20.8%; 37.1% vs 12.5%; 78.6% vs 44.4%; 45.7% vs 22.2%; 52.9% vs 15.3%; 57.1% vs 19.4%; all P < 0.05). The gastric half-emptying times of the proximal end, distal end, and the whole stomach in the FD group were slower than in the control group(93.7 ± 26.2 vs 72.0 ± 14.3; 102.2 ± 26.4 vs 87.5 ± 18.2; 102.1 ± 28.6 vs 78.3 ± 14.1; all P < 0.05). Abdominal distension, belching and early satiety had an effect on distal gastric half-emptying time(P < 0.05). Abdominal distension and abdominal pain had an effect on the gastric half-emptying time of the whole stomach(P < 0.05). All were risk factors(odds ratio > 1). The total symptom score of the 3 groups after treatment was lower than before treatment(P < 0.05). Total symptom scores after treatment in the H. pylori-treatment group and H. pylori-negative group were lower than in the conventional treatment group(5.15 ± 2.27 vs 7.02 ± 3.04, 4.93 ± 3.22 vs 7.02 ± 3.04, All P < 0.05). The gastric half-emptying times of the proximal end, distal end, and the whole stomach in the H. pylori-negative and H. pylori-treatment groups were shorter than in the conventional treatment group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: FD patients have delayed gastric emptying. H. pylori infection treatment helps to improve symptoms of dyspepsia and is a reasonable choice for treatment in clinical practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972636,31672508,31790411 and 31802103)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0500501)+1 种基金the Guangdong Key Areas Research and Development Project(2019B020218001)the Provincial Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Promotion and Agricultural Resources and Ecological Environmental Protection Construction Project(2021KJ266).
文摘Background:Tauroursodeoxycholic acid(TUDCA),a hydrophilic bile acid,is the main medicinal component of bear bile and is commonly used to treat a variety of hepatobiliary diseases.Meanwhile,TUDCA has been shown to modulate the intestinal barrier function and alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice.However,the effect of TUDCA on the intestinal barrier of weaned piglets remains largely unclear.Methods:The weaned piglets and porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells were used to investigate the effects of TUDCA on intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets and explore the possible underlying mechanisms.In vivo,72 healthy weaned piglets were randomly allocated into 2 groups according to their gender and body weight,and piglets were fed the basal diet with 0(control,CON)and 200 mg/kg TUDCA for 30 d,respectively.Three female and three male piglets reflecting the average bodyweight were slaughtered in each group and samples were collected.In vitro,IPEC-J2 cells were subjected to 100μmol/L TUDCA to explore the possible underlying mechanisms.Results:Our results demonstrated that dietary TUDCA supplementation significantly reduced the diarrhea incidence of weaned piglets,possibly attributing to the TUDCA-enhanced intestinal barrier function and immunity.In addition,TUDCA supplementation altered serum metabolites and the relative abundance of certain gut bacteria,which might contribute to the improved intestinal barrier function.Furthermore,the in-vitro results showed that TUDCA improved the E.coli-induced epithelial barrier impairment of IPEC-J2 cells and increased Takeda G-coupled protein receptor 5(TGR5)protein expression.However,knockdown of TGR5 and inhibition of myosin light chain kinase(MLCK)pathway abolished the TUDCA-improved epithelial barrier impairment in E.coli-treated IPEC-J2 cells,indicating the involvement of TGR5-MLCK in this process.Conclusions:These findings showed that TUDCA improved intestinal barrier function associated with TGR5-MLCK pathway and the alteration of serum metabolites and gut bacteria in weaned piglets,suggesting the potential application of TUDCA in improving gut health in piglet production.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21805236)Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(18B062)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Fund of Xiangtan University(18QDZ14)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110819)。
文摘Sodium-organic batteries utilizing natural abundance of sodium element and renewable active materials gain great attentions for grid-scale applications.However,the development is still limited by lack of suitable organic cathode materials with high electronic conductivity that can be operated stably in liquid electrolyte.Herein,we present 5,15-bis(ethynyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin(DEPP)and[5,15-bis(ethynyl)-10,20-diphenylporphinato]copper(II)(CuDEPP)as new cathodes for extremely stable sodium-organic batteries.The copper(II)ion partially contributes the charge storage and significantly stabilizes the structure of porphyrin complex for electrochemical energy storage.In situ electrochemical stabilization of organic cathode with a lower charging current density was identified which enables both improved high energy density and power density.An excellent longterm cycling stability up to 600 cycles and an extremely high power density of 28 kW kg−1 were achieved for porphyrin-based cathode.This observation would open new pathway for developing highly stable sodium-organic cathode for electrochemical energy storage.
基金supported by National Key Project(2009CB941601)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(u0731004)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(30871845,30901058 and 30972157)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(9451064201003790 and 9151064201000056)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201003011)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20094404120012)
文摘Feed intake control is vital to ensuring optimal nutrition and achieving full potential for growth and development in poultry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of L-leucine, L-glutamate, L-tryptophan and L-arginine on feed intake and the mRNA expression levels of hypothalamic Neuropeptide involved in feed intake regulation in broiler chicks. Leucine, glutamate, tryptophan or arginine was intra-cerebroventricularly （ICV） administrated to 4d-old broiler chicks respectively and the feed intake were recorded at various time points. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of Neuropeptide Y （NPY）, agouti related protein （AgRP）, pro-opiomelanocortin （POMC）, melanocortin receptor 4 （MC4R） and corticotrophin releasing factor （CRF）. Our results showed that ICV administration of L-leucine （0.15 or 1.5 μmol） significantly （P〈0.05） increased feed intake up to 2 h post-administration period and elevated both hypothalamic NPY and AgRP mRNA expression levels. In contrast, ICV administration of L-glutamate （1.6 μmol） significantly （P 〈 0.05） decreased feed intake 0.25, 0.5 and 2 h post-injection, and increased hypothalamic CRF and MC4R mRNA expression levels. Meanwhile, both L-tryptophan （10 or 100 μg） and L-arginine （20 or 200 μg） had no significant effect on feed intake. These findings suggested that L-leucine and L-glutamate could act within the hypothalamus to influence food intake, and that both orexigenic and anorexigenic Neuropeptide genes might contribute directly to these effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51201044)High-level Scientific Research Guidance Project of Harbin Engineering University,China(No.3072022TS1006)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.LBH-Q16046)Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials&Surface Technology(Harbin Engineering University),Ministry of Education,China.
文摘Microstructure,phase transformation and mechanical properties of NiMnGa particles/Cu composites prepared by spark plasma sintering method were investigated by SEM,EDS,XRD,susceptibility measurements and mechanical tests.The NiMnGa particles were found to react with Cu matrix and the composites exhibited a similar crystal structure to the Cu matrix.The martensitic transformation and Curie transition of the composites were weakened due to the composition change of NiMnGa particles caused by reactions.With increasing NiMnGa particles content,the martensitic transformation and Curie transition of the composites were enhanced to some extent.However,the martensitic transformation temperature and Curie transition temperature were decreased by~50 K as compared to those of the original NiMnGa particles.The compressive strength of the composites increased with the increase of NiMnGa particles content,whereas the compressive strain was decreased gradually.
基金Supported by the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association Program(Nos.DY135-E2-1-01,DY135-E2-4-00)the China Global Sea-Atmosphere Interaction Research Program(No.GASI-02-IND-STSsum)the S&T Innovation Project of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.2016ASKJ14)。
文摘Depth-dependent distribution patterns of bacterial and archaeal communities in deep sea water column around the Ninetyeast Ridge in the Indian Ocean were investigated using 16S rRNA gene profiling.Sampling was conducted at the northern Ninetyeast Ridge(1°59.89′N–9°59.70′S,87°58.90′E–88°00.03′E)from September to November 2016 where samples were collected from the bathyal(1000 m)to bathypelagic depths(>4000 m)in four different stations.A total of 1565405 clean data falling into 6712 bacterial OTUs and 1452727 clean data falling into 806 archaeal OTUs based on 97%similarity level were analyzed.Most of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria,followed by Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidia.The archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences mostly affiliated to Nitrososphaeria(Thaumarchaeota)dominated with relative abundances ranging from 52.68%to 97.2%,followed by Thermoplasmata(Euryarchaeota).Vertical partitioning of bacterial and archaeal communities among different water layers was observed.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA)and Spearman’s correlations revealed that depth(P=0.003),dissolved oxygen(P=0.019),and nitrite(P=0.033)were the main environmental factors affecting bacterial community structure at genus level in the Ninetyeast Ridge.On the other hand,the first two CCA axes accounted for 74.4%of the explained total variance,it seems that the archaeal communities at genus level were heavily influenced by the environmental variables including depth,dissolved oxygen(DO),nitrite,salinity,phosphate,ammonia,nitrate,and silicate,but none of them exhibited any significant correlation on the structuring(P>0.1).
