The recently re-emerged mpox(monkeypox)virus that causes mpox disease is a member of genus Orthopoxvirus and has unprecedentedly spread worldwide.Numerous studies have contributed to our understanding of its evolution...The recently re-emerged mpox(monkeypox)virus that causes mpox disease is a member of genus Orthopoxvirus and has unprecedentedly spread worldwide.Numerous studies have contributed to our understanding of its evolution,pathophysiology,and clinical manifestations.The current outbreak of the mpox virus depicts its novel route of transmission as a new variant.However,the exact reason for its transition from an epidemic to a pandemic remains unclear.Furthermore,other poxviruses such as vaccinia virus,variola virus,and cowpox virus,also belong to the same genus,Orthopoxvirus.In the present review,our objective was to summarize the evidence on evolution,pathophysiology,and clinical manifestations of mpox virus and its related poxviruses.The present review would aid in a better understanding of the current circulating mpox virus and its differences from other poxviruses.In addition,the shared genetic factors contributing to virulence in these Orthopoxvirus highlight their evolutionary connections and genetic similarities.While they exhibit differences in virulence,studying these genetic relationships is crucial for understanding their biology,pathogenicity,and the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapeutics to curb mpox disease.展开更多
The context-dependent reciprocal interaction between the cancer cells and surrounding fibroblasts is imperative for regulating malignant potential,metabolic reprogramming,immunosuppression,and ECM deposition.However,r...The context-dependent reciprocal interaction between the cancer cells and surrounding fibroblasts is imperative for regulating malignant potential,metabolic reprogramming,immunosuppression,and ECM deposition.However,recent evidence also suggests that cancer-associated fibroblasts induce chemoresistance in cancer cells to various anticancer regimens.Because of the protumorigenic function of cancer-associated fibroblasts,these stromal cell types have emerged as fascinating therapeutic targets for cancer.However,this notion was recently challenged by studies that targeted cancer-associated fibroblasts and highlighted the underlying heterogeneity by identifying a subset of these cells with tumor-restricting functions.Hence,it is imperative to understand the heterogeneity and heterotypic signaling of cancer-associated fibroblasts to target tumor-promoting signaling processes by sparing tumor-restricting ones.In this review,we discuss the heterogeneity and heterotypic signaling of cancer-associated fibroblasts in shaping drug resistance and also list the cancer-associated fibroblast-targeting therapeutics.展开更多
文摘The recently re-emerged mpox(monkeypox)virus that causes mpox disease is a member of genus Orthopoxvirus and has unprecedentedly spread worldwide.Numerous studies have contributed to our understanding of its evolution,pathophysiology,and clinical manifestations.The current outbreak of the mpox virus depicts its novel route of transmission as a new variant.However,the exact reason for its transition from an epidemic to a pandemic remains unclear.Furthermore,other poxviruses such as vaccinia virus,variola virus,and cowpox virus,also belong to the same genus,Orthopoxvirus.In the present review,our objective was to summarize the evidence on evolution,pathophysiology,and clinical manifestations of mpox virus and its related poxviruses.The present review would aid in a better understanding of the current circulating mpox virus and its differences from other poxviruses.In addition,the shared genetic factors contributing to virulence in these Orthopoxvirus highlight their evolutionary connections and genetic similarities.While they exhibit differences in virulence,studying these genetic relationships is crucial for understanding their biology,pathogenicity,and the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapeutics to curb mpox disease.
文摘The context-dependent reciprocal interaction between the cancer cells and surrounding fibroblasts is imperative for regulating malignant potential,metabolic reprogramming,immunosuppression,and ECM deposition.However,recent evidence also suggests that cancer-associated fibroblasts induce chemoresistance in cancer cells to various anticancer regimens.Because of the protumorigenic function of cancer-associated fibroblasts,these stromal cell types have emerged as fascinating therapeutic targets for cancer.However,this notion was recently challenged by studies that targeted cancer-associated fibroblasts and highlighted the underlying heterogeneity by identifying a subset of these cells with tumor-restricting functions.Hence,it is imperative to understand the heterogeneity and heterotypic signaling of cancer-associated fibroblasts to target tumor-promoting signaling processes by sparing tumor-restricting ones.In this review,we discuss the heterogeneity and heterotypic signaling of cancer-associated fibroblasts in shaping drug resistance and also list the cancer-associated fibroblast-targeting therapeutics.
