The superpixel segmentation has been widely applied in many computer vision and image process applications.In recent years,amount of superpixel segmentation algorithms have been proposed.However,most of the current al...The superpixel segmentation has been widely applied in many computer vision and image process applications.In recent years,amount of superpixel segmentation algorithms have been proposed.However,most of the current algorithms are designed for natural images with little noise corrupted.In order to apply the superpixel algorithms to hyperspectral images which are always seriously polluted by noise,we propose a noiseresistant superpixel segmentation(NRSS)algorithm in this paper.In the proposed NRSS,the spectral signatures are first transformed into frequency domain to enhance the noise robustness;then the two widely spectral similarity measures-spectral angle mapper(SAM)and spectral information divergence(SID)are combined to enhance the discriminability of the spectral similarity;finally,the superpixels are generated with the proposed frequency-based spectral similarity.Both qualitative and quantitative experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed superpixel segmentation algorithm when dealing with hyperspectral images with various noise levels.Moreover,the proposed NRSS is compared with the most widely used superpixel segmentation algorithm-simple linear iterative clustering(SLIC),where the comparison results prove the superiority of the proposed superpixel segmentation algorithm.展开更多
Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technologies play an essential role in achieving Net Zero Emissions targets.Considering the lack of timely reviews on the recent advancements in promising CCUS technologies,...Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technologies play an essential role in achieving Net Zero Emissions targets.Considering the lack of timely reviews on the recent advancements in promising CCUS technologies,it is crucial to provide a prompt review of the CCUS advances to understand the current research gaps pertained to its industrial application.To that end,this review first summarized the developmental history of CCUS technologies and the current large-scale demonstrations.Then,based on a visually bibliometric analysis,the carbon capture remains a hotspot in the CCUS development.Noting that the materials applied in the carbon capture process determines its performance.As a result,the state-of-the-art carbon capture materials and emerging capture technologies were comprehensively summarized and discussed.Gaps between state-of-art carbon capture process and its ideal counterpart are analyzed,and insights into the research needs such as material design,process optimization,environmental impact,and technical and economic assessments are provided.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)impose a significant burden worldwide.Despite the elucidation of the etiology and underlying molecular mechanisms of cvDs by numerous studies and recent discovery of effective drugs,their ...Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)impose a significant burden worldwide.Despite the elucidation of the etiology and underlying molecular mechanisms of cvDs by numerous studies and recent discovery of effective drugs,their morbidity,disability,and mortality are still high.Therefore,precise risk stratification and effective targeted therapies for CvDs are warranted.Recent improvements in single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have improved our understanding of the mechanisms and cells involved in cardiovascular phylogeny and CvDs.Single-cell RNA sequencing can facilitate the study of the human heart at remarkably high res-olution and cellular and molecular heterogeneity.However,this technique does not provide spatial information,which is essential for understanding homeostasis and disease.Spatial tran-scriptomics can elucidate intracellular interactions,transcription factor distribution,cell spatial localization,and molecular profiles of mRNA and identify cell populations causing the disease and their underlying mechanisms,including cell crosstalk.Herein,we introduce the main methods of RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics analysis and highlight the latest ad-vances in cardiovascular research.We conclude that single-cell RNA sequencing interprets dis-ease progression in multiple dimensions,levels,perspectives,and dynamics by combining spatial and temporal characterization of the clinical phenome with multidisciplinary tech-niques such as spatial transcriptomics.This aligns with the dynamic evolution of CVDs(e.g.,"angina-myocardial infarction-heart failure"in coronary artery disease).The study of pathways for disease onset and mechanisms(e.g.,age,sex,comorbidities)in different patient subgroups should improve disease diagnosis and risk stratification.This can facilitate precise individualized treatment of CVDs.展开更多
Peripheral pulmonary lesions(PPLs)are surrounded by lung parenchyma and invisible under an endoscope.The detection rate of PPLs by routine bronchoscopy is low.Radial endobronchial ultrasound(R-EBUS)can overcome those ...Peripheral pulmonary lesions(PPLs)are surrounded by lung parenchyma and invisible under an endoscope.The detection rate of PPLs by routine bronchoscopy is low.Radial endobronchial ultrasound(R-EBUS)can overcome those limitations,as it can locate peripheral bronchial lesions through a characteristic ultrasound signal.Rapid on-site evaluation(ROSE)is a real-time rapid cytological interpretation technology accompanied by tissue sampling.ROSEis helpful in improving the diagnostic rate of R-EBUS for PPLs,especially lung cancer.[1]However,the utility of ROSE during R-EBUS for peripheral pulmonary infectious lesions(infectious PPLs)is unclear.This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic value and safety of R-EBUS combined with ROSE in infectious PPLs.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University(No.2019-017).The informed consent form was signed by the patient or his or her authorized legal representative.展开更多
The importance of tunable subwavelength optical devices in modern electromagnetic and photonic systems is indisputable.Herein,a lithography-free,wide-angle,and reconfigurable subwavelength optical device with high tun...The importance of tunable subwavelength optical devices in modern electromagnetic and photonic systems is indisputable.Herein,a lithography-free,wide-angle,and reconfigurable subwavelength optical device with high tunability operating in the near-infrared regions is proposed and experimentally demonstrated,based on a reversible nanochemistry approach.The reconfigurable subwavelength optical device basically comprises an ultrathin copper oxide(CuO)thin film on an optical thick gold substrate by utilizing the reversible chemical conversion of CuO to sulfides upon exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas.Proof-of-concept experimental results show that the maximal modulation depth of reflectance can be as high as 90%at the wavelength of 1.79μm with the initial thickness of CuO taken as 150 nm.Partially reflected wave calculations combined with the transfer matrix method are employed to analytically investigate the optical properties of the structure,which show good agreement with experimental results.We believe that the proposed versatile approaches can be implemented for dynamic control management,allowing applications in tunable photonics,active displays,optical encryption,and gas sensing.展开更多
The separation of light hydrocarbons,including C_(2)H_(6)and C_(3)H_(8),is essential to natural gas upgrading.Meanwhile,N_(2)removal from CH_(4)is also crucial to concentrating low-quality coalbed methane,but the adso...The separation of light hydrocarbons,including C_(2)H_(6)and C_(3)H_(8),is essential to natural gas upgrading.Meanwhile,N_(2)removal from CH_(4)is also crucial to concentrating low-quality coalbed methane,but the adsorption process is challenging because of the close kinetic diameter.This work reports two hydrogen-bonded metal-nucleobase frameworks(HOF-ZJU-201 and HOF-ZJU202)capable of efficiently separating C_(3)H_(8)/CH_(4),C_(2)H_(6)/CH_(4),and CH_(4)/N_(2).Due to strong affinity for C_(3)H_(8)and C_(2)H_(6),the lowpressure capacity for C_(3)H_(8)(5 kPa)and C_(2)H_(6)(10 kPa)of HOF-ZJU-201a exceeds most adsorbents.The ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST)selectivity of C_(3)H_(8)/CH_(4)and C_(2)H_(6)/CH_(4)is 119 and 45 at ambient conditions.According to density functional theory calculations,surface polarization environments formed by electron-rich anions and electron-deficient purine heterocyclic rings contribute to the selective capture of C_(3)H_(8)and C_(2)H_(6)with greater polarizability.Furthermore,the high CH_(4)adsorption capacity(1.73 mmol/g for HOF-ZJU-201a and 1.50 mmol/g for HOF-ZJU-202a at 298 K and 1.0 bar)and excellent CH_(4)/N_(2)selectivity(6.0 for HOF-ZJU-201 at 298 K),as well as dynamic breakthrough experiments of binary CH_(4)/N_(2)gas mixture implied their efficacy in the concentration of low-quality coalbed methane.展开更多
A promising microalgal strain isolated from fresh water,which can grow both autotrophically on inorganic carbon under lighting and heterotrophically on organic carbon without lighting,was identified as Chlorella sp.US...A promising microalgal strain isolated from fresh water,which can grow both autotrophically on inorganic carbon under lighting and heterotrophically on organic carbon without lighting,was identified as Chlorella sp.USTB-01 with the phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid(rRNA)gene sequences.In the heterotrophic batch culture,more than 20.0 g·L^(-1)of cell dry weight concentration(DWC)of Chlorella sp.USTB-01 was obtained at day 5,and which was used directly to seed the autotrophic culture.A novel fermentor-helical combined photobioreactor was established and used to cultivate Chlorella sp.USTB-01 for the fixation of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).It showed that the autotrophic growth of Chlorella sp.USTB-01 in the combined photobioreactor was more effective than that in the fermentor alone and the maximum DWC of 2.5 g·L^(-1)was obtained at day 6.The highest CO_(2)fixation of 95%appeared on day 1 in the exponential growth phases of Chlorella sp.USTB-01 and 49.8%protein was found in the harvested microalgal cells.展开更多
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61801222 and No.61501522in part by the Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program under Grant No.KJ2018BAN047.
文摘The superpixel segmentation has been widely applied in many computer vision and image process applications.In recent years,amount of superpixel segmentation algorithms have been proposed.However,most of the current algorithms are designed for natural images with little noise corrupted.In order to apply the superpixel algorithms to hyperspectral images which are always seriously polluted by noise,we propose a noiseresistant superpixel segmentation(NRSS)algorithm in this paper.In the proposed NRSS,the spectral signatures are first transformed into frequency domain to enhance the noise robustness;then the two widely spectral similarity measures-spectral angle mapper(SAM)and spectral information divergence(SID)are combined to enhance the discriminability of the spectral similarity;finally,the superpixels are generated with the proposed frequency-based spectral similarity.Both qualitative and quantitative experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed superpixel segmentation algorithm when dealing with hyperspectral images with various noise levels.Moreover,the proposed NRSS is compared with the most widely used superpixel segmentation algorithm-simple linear iterative clustering(SLIC),where the comparison results prove the superiority of the proposed superpixel segmentation algorithm.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LDT23E0601)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(China)(No.2022C03146)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20677 and 22022610)the National Funded Postdoctoral Researcher Program of China(No.GZC20232363).
文摘Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technologies play an essential role in achieving Net Zero Emissions targets.Considering the lack of timely reviews on the recent advancements in promising CCUS technologies,it is crucial to provide a prompt review of the CCUS advances to understand the current research gaps pertained to its industrial application.To that end,this review first summarized the developmental history of CCUS technologies and the current large-scale demonstrations.Then,based on a visually bibliometric analysis,the carbon capture remains a hotspot in the CCUS development.Noting that the materials applied in the carbon capture process determines its performance.As a result,the state-of-the-art carbon capture materials and emerging capture technologies were comprehensively summarized and discussed.Gaps between state-of-art carbon capture process and its ideal counterpart are analyzed,and insights into the research needs such as material design,process optimization,environmental impact,and technical and economic assessments are provided.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82204943)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2022M710471)+1 种基金the New Teacher Program of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (2023-JYB-XJSJJ034)the 2023 Graduate independent research Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (90011461220378)awarded.
文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)impose a significant burden worldwide.Despite the elucidation of the etiology and underlying molecular mechanisms of cvDs by numerous studies and recent discovery of effective drugs,their morbidity,disability,and mortality are still high.Therefore,precise risk stratification and effective targeted therapies for CvDs are warranted.Recent improvements in single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have improved our understanding of the mechanisms and cells involved in cardiovascular phylogeny and CvDs.Single-cell RNA sequencing can facilitate the study of the human heart at remarkably high res-olution and cellular and molecular heterogeneity.However,this technique does not provide spatial information,which is essential for understanding homeostasis and disease.Spatial tran-scriptomics can elucidate intracellular interactions,transcription factor distribution,cell spatial localization,and molecular profiles of mRNA and identify cell populations causing the disease and their underlying mechanisms,including cell crosstalk.Herein,we introduce the main methods of RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics analysis and highlight the latest ad-vances in cardiovascular research.We conclude that single-cell RNA sequencing interprets dis-ease progression in multiple dimensions,levels,perspectives,and dynamics by combining spatial and temporal characterization of the clinical phenome with multidisciplinary tech-niques such as spatial transcriptomics.This aligns with the dynamic evolution of CVDs(e.g.,"angina-myocardial infarction-heart failure"in coronary artery disease).The study of pathways for disease onset and mechanisms(e.g.,age,sex,comorbidities)in different patient subgroups should improve disease diagnosis and risk stratification.This can facilitate precise individualized treatment of CVDs.
文摘Peripheral pulmonary lesions(PPLs)are surrounded by lung parenchyma and invisible under an endoscope.The detection rate of PPLs by routine bronchoscopy is low.Radial endobronchial ultrasound(R-EBUS)can overcome those limitations,as it can locate peripheral bronchial lesions through a characteristic ultrasound signal.Rapid on-site evaluation(ROSE)is a real-time rapid cytological interpretation technology accompanied by tissue sampling.ROSEis helpful in improving the diagnostic rate of R-EBUS for PPLs,especially lung cancer.[1]However,the utility of ROSE during R-EBUS for peripheral pulmonary infectious lesions(infectious PPLs)is unclear.This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic value and safety of R-EBUS combined with ROSE in infectious PPLs.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University(No.2019-017).The informed consent form was signed by the patient or his or her authorized legal representative.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0205800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61471345,62075231)+3 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(20JC1414603)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2019SHZDZX01)Shanghai Innovation Project(2021-cyxt1-kj04)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The importance of tunable subwavelength optical devices in modern electromagnetic and photonic systems is indisputable.Herein,a lithography-free,wide-angle,and reconfigurable subwavelength optical device with high tunability operating in the near-infrared regions is proposed and experimentally demonstrated,based on a reversible nanochemistry approach.The reconfigurable subwavelength optical device basically comprises an ultrathin copper oxide(CuO)thin film on an optical thick gold substrate by utilizing the reversible chemical conversion of CuO to sulfides upon exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas.Proof-of-concept experimental results show that the maximal modulation depth of reflectance can be as high as 90%at the wavelength of 1.79μm with the initial thickness of CuO taken as 150 nm.Partially reflected wave calculations combined with the transfer matrix method are employed to analytically investigate the optical properties of the structure,which show good agreement with experimental results.We believe that the proposed versatile approaches can be implemented for dynamic control management,allowing applications in tunable photonics,active displays,optical encryption,and gas sensing.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21878260,21978254,and 22141001).
文摘The separation of light hydrocarbons,including C_(2)H_(6)and C_(3)H_(8),is essential to natural gas upgrading.Meanwhile,N_(2)removal from CH_(4)is also crucial to concentrating low-quality coalbed methane,but the adsorption process is challenging because of the close kinetic diameter.This work reports two hydrogen-bonded metal-nucleobase frameworks(HOF-ZJU-201 and HOF-ZJU202)capable of efficiently separating C_(3)H_(8)/CH_(4),C_(2)H_(6)/CH_(4),and CH_(4)/N_(2).Due to strong affinity for C_(3)H_(8)and C_(2)H_(6),the lowpressure capacity for C_(3)H_(8)(5 kPa)and C_(2)H_(6)(10 kPa)of HOF-ZJU-201a exceeds most adsorbents.The ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST)selectivity of C_(3)H_(8)/CH_(4)and C_(2)H_(6)/CH_(4)is 119 and 45 at ambient conditions.According to density functional theory calculations,surface polarization environments formed by electron-rich anions and electron-deficient purine heterocyclic rings contribute to the selective capture of C_(3)H_(8)and C_(2)H_(6)with greater polarizability.Furthermore,the high CH_(4)adsorption capacity(1.73 mmol/g for HOF-ZJU-201a and 1.50 mmol/g for HOF-ZJU-202a at 298 K and 1.0 bar)and excellent CH_(4)/N_(2)selectivity(6.0 for HOF-ZJU-201 at 298 K),as well as dynamic breakthrough experiments of binary CH_(4)/N_(2)gas mixture implied their efficacy in the concentration of low-quality coalbed methane.
基金This research was supported by PetroChina Innovation Foundation(2009D-5006-04-02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Metallurgical Foundation of University of Science and Technology Beijing.
文摘A promising microalgal strain isolated from fresh water,which can grow both autotrophically on inorganic carbon under lighting and heterotrophically on organic carbon without lighting,was identified as Chlorella sp.USTB-01 with the phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid(rRNA)gene sequences.In the heterotrophic batch culture,more than 20.0 g·L^(-1)of cell dry weight concentration(DWC)of Chlorella sp.USTB-01 was obtained at day 5,and which was used directly to seed the autotrophic culture.A novel fermentor-helical combined photobioreactor was established and used to cultivate Chlorella sp.USTB-01 for the fixation of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).It showed that the autotrophic growth of Chlorella sp.USTB-01 in the combined photobioreactor was more effective than that in the fermentor alone and the maximum DWC of 2.5 g·L^(-1)was obtained at day 6.The highest CO_(2)fixation of 95%appeared on day 1 in the exponential growth phases of Chlorella sp.USTB-01 and 49.8%protein was found in the harvested microalgal cells.
