A micro-level analysis on man-land system is important in understanding the content of human geography in rural areas, particularly in the different regions. This paper is based on a survey undertaken in the three vil...A micro-level analysis on man-land system is important in understanding the content of human geography in rural areas, particularly in the different regions. This paper is based on a survey undertaken in the three villages of Wugou Village, Hutuo Village, and Xiaonan Village of Gongyi City, ltenan Province in April 2003. The survey covers three types of economic and social activities from 214 households. Data collected include 120 attributes for each household. By using theories from the relevant disciplines such as geography, mathcmatics, physics, ecology, and system sciences, this paper develops a framework employing the concept of system entropy in the status function of the man-land system. In this framework, the entropy change is used to show the evolution of the system, and the entropy flow to express the flow among the spatial parts of the system. Following the framework, and using a large set of household data from surveys, the paper makes a quantitative analysis of the village-level man-land system from a micro-perspective. After a theoretical investigation, the corresponding strategies in the paper are then put forward in order to adjust the unbalanced trend of the village man-land system from both perspectives of small-area and individual actors.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of Fuzheng Xiaoying Decoction on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis(EAT)model rats and explore its possible mechanism of immune regulation.Methods:Among the 40 female SD rats,10 we...Objective:To investigate the effect of Fuzheng Xiaoying Decoction on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis(EAT)model rats and explore its possible mechanism of immune regulation.Methods:Among the 40 female SD rats,10 were randomly selected as the blank group,and the rest were immunized with pig thyroglobulin and Freund's adjuvant combined with high iodine feeding to make the EAT model.After the model was established,they were randomly divided into three groups:the model group,the selenium yeast tablet group and the Fuzheng Xiaoying Decoction group,which were continuously gavaged for 2 months.The anti thyroid autoantibodies,thyroid function,IL-38 and Th17/Treg distribution were measured.The pathological changes of thyroid tissue were observed by HE staining.Results:Compared with the blank group,the levels of TPOAb and TGAb in the model group were significantly higher(P<0.05).Lymphocyte infiltration was seen in the thyroid tissue of the model group,and also the thyroid follicles were partially destroyed,the shape was irregular,and the colloid distribution was uneven,indicating that the modeling was successful.Compared with the model group,the levels of TPOAb and TGAb in the selenium yeast tablet group and the Fuzheng Xiaoying Decoction group decreased significantly(P<0.05).And the Fuzheng Xiaoying Decoction group had more significant improvement in thyroid follicle destruction and lymphocyte infiltration than the selenium yeast tablet group(P<0.05).Compared with the blank group,the levels of T3,T4,FT3 and FT4 in the model group increased,the level of IL-38 decreased,the proportion of Th17 increased,and the ratio of Th17/Treg increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,T4 level decreased,IL-38 level increased in the selenium yeast tablet group and the Fuzheng Xiaoying Decoction group(P<0.05).But there was no statistically significant difference in the reduction of Th17 proportion and Th17/Treg ratio between the above two groups and the model group(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in Treg ratio among the groups.Conclusion:Fuzheng Xiaoying Decoction can significantly reduce the level of anti thyroid autoantibodies in EAT rats by regulating the immunity of EAT rats,and improve the follicular destruction and lymphocyte infiltration of thyroid tissue in rats.展开更多
探讨补中益气汤通过转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)/母对抗DPP同源物(Smad)信号通路调节实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎(EAT)大鼠调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)的作用。雌性SD大鼠使用高碘饮水联合弗氏佐剂与猪甲状腺球蛋白(pTG)免疫注射的...探讨补中益气汤通过转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)/母对抗DPP同源物(Smad)信号通路调节实验性自身免疫性甲状腺炎(EAT)大鼠调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)的作用。雌性SD大鼠使用高碘饮水联合弗氏佐剂与猪甲状腺球蛋白(pTG)免疫注射的方法建立EAT大鼠模型,检测血清甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGAb)水平和苏木素-伊红(HE)染色病理切片。模型成功后使用免疫磁珠法提取大鼠脾脏Treg,并用流式细胞术进行鉴定。将提取的Treg分为空白组、补中益气汤组、TGF-β组、拮抗剂(LY3200882)组、拮抗剂(LY3200882)+补中益气汤组,给药干预后,cell counting kit(CCK)-8实验检测细胞活力;蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)法和实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测TGF-β/Smad信号通路相关蛋白和基因表达情况。结果显示,与空白组大鼠比较,模型大鼠TPOAb、TGAb水平显著升高,HE染色提示模型大鼠甲状腺组织部分滤泡破坏,可见大量淋巴细胞浸润,说明造模成功。Treg体外给药后,CCK-8结果显示补中益气汤含药血清质量分数在20%以下促进细胞增殖。与空白血清组比较,补中益气汤含药血清组可显著增加TGF-β1、叉头框蛋白P3(FoxP3)、Smad2、Smad4蛋白表达,p-Smad2、p-Smad3、Smad3较空白血清组表达增加但差异无统计学意义;拮抗剂组加入补中益气汤含药血清后,与拮抗剂组比较,p-Smad2、Smad2、p-Smad3、Smad3、Smad4、Smad7表达无明显增加或减少。RT-qPCR结果显示,与空白血清组比较,补中益气汤组中TGF-β1、FoxP3、Smad2、Smad3、Smad4、Smad7 mRNA表达升高或降低趋势与TGF-β组趋势一致,但差异无统计学意义;拮抗剂组加入补中益气汤含药血清后,与拮抗剂组比较,TGF-β1、FoxP3、Smad2、Smad3、Smad4、Smad7 mRNA差异无统计学意义。综上,补中益气汤可通过促进TGF-β1的分泌,调节TGF-β/Smad信号通路中关键信号分子TGF-β1、Smad2及Smad4的表达促进Treg稳定及活性,进而影响辅助性T细胞17(Th17)/Treg细胞免疫平衡,抑制EAT大鼠的炎症反应。展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40535025), Planning Itemof Youthful Cadreman Teachers of University in Henan Province (No. DOC2005-461), the Social Science of Henan EducationalDepartment (No. 2005-ZX-238) and Key Program of Henan University's Fund (No. 04ZDRW009)
文摘A micro-level analysis on man-land system is important in understanding the content of human geography in rural areas, particularly in the different regions. This paper is based on a survey undertaken in the three villages of Wugou Village, Hutuo Village, and Xiaonan Village of Gongyi City, ltenan Province in April 2003. The survey covers three types of economic and social activities from 214 households. Data collected include 120 attributes for each household. By using theories from the relevant disciplines such as geography, mathcmatics, physics, ecology, and system sciences, this paper develops a framework employing the concept of system entropy in the status function of the man-land system. In this framework, the entropy change is used to show the evolution of the system, and the entropy flow to express the flow among the spatial parts of the system. Following the framework, and using a large set of household data from surveys, the paper makes a quantitative analysis of the village-level man-land system from a micro-perspective. After a theoretical investigation, the corresponding strategies in the paper are then put forward in order to adjust the unbalanced trend of the village man-land system from both perspectives of small-area and individual actors.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81973855)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of Fuzheng Xiaoying Decoction on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis(EAT)model rats and explore its possible mechanism of immune regulation.Methods:Among the 40 female SD rats,10 were randomly selected as the blank group,and the rest were immunized with pig thyroglobulin and Freund's adjuvant combined with high iodine feeding to make the EAT model.After the model was established,they were randomly divided into three groups:the model group,the selenium yeast tablet group and the Fuzheng Xiaoying Decoction group,which were continuously gavaged for 2 months.The anti thyroid autoantibodies,thyroid function,IL-38 and Th17/Treg distribution were measured.The pathological changes of thyroid tissue were observed by HE staining.Results:Compared with the blank group,the levels of TPOAb and TGAb in the model group were significantly higher(P<0.05).Lymphocyte infiltration was seen in the thyroid tissue of the model group,and also the thyroid follicles were partially destroyed,the shape was irregular,and the colloid distribution was uneven,indicating that the modeling was successful.Compared with the model group,the levels of TPOAb and TGAb in the selenium yeast tablet group and the Fuzheng Xiaoying Decoction group decreased significantly(P<0.05).And the Fuzheng Xiaoying Decoction group had more significant improvement in thyroid follicle destruction and lymphocyte infiltration than the selenium yeast tablet group(P<0.05).Compared with the blank group,the levels of T3,T4,FT3 and FT4 in the model group increased,the level of IL-38 decreased,the proportion of Th17 increased,and the ratio of Th17/Treg increased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,T4 level decreased,IL-38 level increased in the selenium yeast tablet group and the Fuzheng Xiaoying Decoction group(P<0.05).But there was no statistically significant difference in the reduction of Th17 proportion and Th17/Treg ratio between the above two groups and the model group(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in Treg ratio among the groups.Conclusion:Fuzheng Xiaoying Decoction can significantly reduce the level of anti thyroid autoantibodies in EAT rats by regulating the immunity of EAT rats,and improve the follicular destruction and lymphocyte infiltration of thyroid tissue in rats.
