Long-term exposure to high surface ozone(O_(3))concentrations,a complex oxidative atmospheric pollutant,can adversely impact human health.Based on O_(3)monitoring data from 261 cities worldwide in 2020,generalized add...Long-term exposure to high surface ozone(O_(3))concentrations,a complex oxidative atmospheric pollutant,can adversely impact human health.Based on O_(3)monitoring data from 261 cities worldwide in 2020,generalized additive model(GAM)and spatial data analysis(SDA)methods were applied in this study to quantitatively evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of O_(3)concentration,exposure risk,and dominant meteorological factors.Results indicated that over 40%of the cities worldwide were exposed to harmful O_(3)concentration ranges(40-60μg/m^(3)),with most cities distributed in China and India.Moreover,significant seasonal variations in global O_(3)concentrations were observed,presenting as summer(45.6μg/m^(3))>spring(47.3μg/m^(3))>autumn(38.0μg/m^(3))>winter(33.6μg/m^(3)).Exposure analysis revealed that approximately 12.2%of the population in 261 cities were exposed to an environment with high O_(3)concentrations(80-160μg/m^(3)),with about 36.32 million people in major countries.Thus,the persistent increase in high O_(3)levels worldwide is a critical factor contributing to threats to human health.Furthermore,GAM results indicated temperature,relative humidity,and wind speed as primary determinants of O_(3)variability.The synergy of meteorological factors is critical for understanding O_(3)changes.Our findings are important for enforcing robust air quality policies and mitigating public risk.展开更多
Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li is a widely used medicinal herb in treating pulmonary diseases.In recent years,its wild resources have become scarce,and the demand for efficient artificial cultivation has significantly...Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li is a widely used medicinal herb in treating pulmonary diseases.In recent years,its wild resources have become scarce,and the demand for efficient artificial cultivation has significantly increased.This article is the first to apply phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li to the cultivation process of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.The aim is to identify suitable reference strains for the artificial cultivation and industrial development of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li by examining the effects of various phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their combinations on photosynthesis,physiological and biochemical properties,and gene expression related to the protective enzyme system in F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.The experiment,conducted in pots at room temperature,included a control group(CK)and groups inoculated with inorganic phosphorussolubilizing bacteria:W1(Bacillus cereus),W2(Serratia plymuthica),W12(Bacillus cereus and Serratia plymuthica),and groups inoculated with organophosphorus-solubilizing bacteria:Y1(Bacillus cereus),Y2(Bacillus cereus),Y12(Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus),totaling seven groups.Compared to CK,most growth indices in the bacterial addition groups showed significant differences,with W12 achieving the highest values in all indices except the leaf area index.The content of photosynthetic pigments,photosynthetic parameters,and osmoregulatory substances increased variably in each bacterial treatment group.W12 exhibited the highest content of chlorophyll a and soluble protein,while W1 had the highest free proline content.The activities of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and catalase(CAT)in all inoculated groups were higher than in CK,with significant changes in SOD and CAT activities.The malondialdehyde(MDA)content in all inoculated groups was lower than in CK,with Y12 being the lowest,at approximately 30%of CK.Gene expression corresponding to these three enzymes also increased variably,with POD expression in Y2 being the highest at 2.73 times that of CK.SOD and CAT expression in Y12 were the highest,at 1.84 and 4.39 times that of CK,respectively.These results indicate that inoculating phosphate solubilizing bacteria can enhance the growth of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li,with the mixed inoculation groups W12 and Y12 demonstrating superior effects.This lays a theoretical foundation for selecting bacterial fertilizers in the cultivation process of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.展开更多
BACKGROUND Anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2(CASPR2)antibody encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antibodies against the voltage-gated potassium channel.This leads to neurolog...BACKGROUND Anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2(CASPR2)antibody encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antibodies against the voltage-gated potassium channel.This leads to neurological symptoms,such as seizures,cognitive decline,and neuropathic pain,primarily affecting the limbic system.The prognosis of this disorder varies among individuals.CASE SUMMARY The patient,a girl aged nine years and nine months,underwent treatment for 14 to 21 d.The main clinical manifestations were vomiting and unclear consciousness,positive pathological signs,normal cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,and abnormal electroencephalogram.The child was discharged after receiving immunoglobulin and hormone treatment.Subsequent follow-up over a period of 15 months after discharge,conducted through telephone and outpatient visits,showed no recurrence of symptoms.CONCLUSION Anti-CASPR2 antibody autoimmune encephalitis in children is rare,mainly manifested as convulsions,mental abnormalities,cognitive impairment,and neuropathic pain,among others.Timely evaluation for autoimmune encephalitis antibodies is crucial,especially in cases of recurrent central nervous system involvement in children.展开更多
Degradability of bone tissue engineering scaffold that matching the regeneration rate could allow a complete replacement of host tissue.However,the porous structure of biodegradable Mg scaffolds certainly generated hi...Degradability of bone tissue engineering scaffold that matching the regeneration rate could allow a complete replacement of host tissue.However,the porous structure of biodegradable Mg scaffolds certainly generated high specific surface area,and the three-dimensional interconnected pores provided fast pervasive invasion entrance for the corrosive medium,rising concern of the structural integrity during the degradation.To clarify the structural evolution of the three-dimensional(3D)porous structure,semi-static immersion tests were carried out to evaluate the degradation performance in our previous study.Nevertheless,dynamic immersion tests mimicking the in vivo circulatory fluid through the interconnected porous structure have yet been investigated.Moreover,the effects of dynamic flow rates on the degradation deposition behavior of 3D porous Mg scaffolds were rarely reported.In this study,Mg scaffolds degraded at three flow rates exhibited different degradation rates and deposition process.A flow rate of 0.5 m L/min introduced maximum drop of porosity by accumulated deposition products.The deposition products provided limited protection against the degradation process at a flow rate of 1.0 m L/min.The three-dimensional interconnected porous structure of Mg scaffold degraded at 2.0 m L/min well retained after 14 days showing the best interconnectivity resistance to the degradation deposition process.The dynamic immersion tests disclosed the reason for the different degradation rates on account of flow rates,which may bring insight into understanding of varied in vivo degradation rates related to implantation sites.展开更多
The gradual deployment of Low-Earth Orbit(LEO)mega constellations with inter-satellite links(ISLs)promises ubiquitous,low-latency,and high-throughput satellite network services.However,networked LEO satellites with IS...The gradual deployment of Low-Earth Orbit(LEO)mega constellations with inter-satellite links(ISLs)promises ubiquitous,low-latency,and high-throughput satellite network services.However,networked LEO satellites with ISLs are also at risk of routing attacks such as hijacking.Existing defenses against route hijacking in terrestrial networks can hardly work for the LEO satellite network due to its high spatiotemporal dynamics.To deal with it,we propose RPD,a high-risk routing path detection method for LEO mega-constellation networks.RPD detects abnormal high-risk LEO network paths by checking the consistency between the path delay and the geographical distance.This is efficiently achieved by combining in-band measurements and out-of-band statistical processing to detect the anomaly of the clustering feature in the reference delay matrix.RPD avoids the recalculation of the header cryptographic marks when the handover occurs,thus greatly reducing the cost and improving the performance of highrisk path detection.Experiments showed that the proposed RPD mechanism achieves an average detection accuracy of 91.64%under normal network conditions,and maintain about 89%even when congestion occurs in multiple areas of the network and measurement noise is considered.In addition,RPD does not require any cryptographic operation on the intermediate node,only minimal communication cost with excellent scalability and deployability.展开更多
In China, rural residential environment under the poor construction measures has not been satisfactory due to the backward infrastructure of countryside and the lacking of professional planning, which will result in c...In China, rural residential environment under the poor construction measures has not been satisfactory due to the backward infrastructure of countryside and the lacking of professional planning, which will result in considerable amount of energy consumption in the future. The economy of rural residences in the hot summer and cold winter region of China is relative developed, but the indoor thermal environmental quality is not so good. In this paper, the design strategies directed by passive design ideas for a small experimental rural residential building located in Hangzhou city was introduced and researched in response to hot summer and cold winter climate. Through modeling solution undertaken by Ecotect software, the building performance was simulated and analyzed for the optimization of design factors, such as shape, roof angle, insulation system, shading devices, as well as day-lighting system. Based on the above study, a set of appropriate energy-saving technologies were provided for improving the new rural residences construction in Hangzhou, which should also be recommended to other projects constructed in the same climate region.展开更多
Lithium cobalt oxide(LiCoO_(2),LCO)dominates in 3C(computer,communication,and consumer)electronics-based batteries with the merits of extraordinary volumetric and gravimetric energy density,high-voltage plateau,and fa...Lithium cobalt oxide(LiCoO_(2),LCO)dominates in 3C(computer,communication,and consumer)electronics-based batteries with the merits of extraordinary volumetric and gravimetric energy density,high-voltage plateau,and facile synthesis.Currently,the demand for lightweight and longer standby smart portable electronic products drives the development of the upper cut-off voltage of LCO-based batteries to further improve the energy density.However,several challenges,including irreversible structural transformation,surface degradation,cobalt dissolution and oxygen evolution along with detrimental side reactions with the electrolyte remain with charging to a high cut-off voltage(>4.2 V vs.Li/Li+),resulting in rapid capacity decay and safety issues.Based on the degradation mechanisms and latest advances of the high-voltage LCO,this review summarizes modification strategies in view of the LCO structure,artificial interface design and electrolytes optimization.Meanwhile,many advanced characterization and monitoring techniques utilized to clarify the structural and interfacial evolution of LCO during charge/discharge process are critically emphasized.Moreover,the perspectives in terms of integrating multiple modification strategies,applying gel and solid-state electrolytes,optimizing the recovery process and scalable production are presented.展开更多
Paeonia species are important ornamental plants,including three types:tree peony,herbaceous peony,and Itoh hybrid peony.Paeonia with yellow color is desired and becoming popular.However,the chemical mechanism of the f...Paeonia species are important ornamental plants,including three types:tree peony,herbaceous peony,and Itoh hybrid peony.Paeonia with yellow color is desired and becoming popular.However,the chemical mechanism of the formation of yellow flowers in Paeonia is still unclear.In this study,14 representative samples were selected:four samples of three species of Paeonia,four herbaceous peony cultivars,three lutea hybrid tree peony cultivars,and three Itoh hybrid peony cultivars.The petal extracts of the samples were determined by HPLC-DAD and HPLCQ-TOF-MS/MS.In total,29 flavonoids were isolated and identified,including 28 flavonol glycosides and one chalcone derivative.There were significant differences in the composition and content of flavonoids in petals of different cultivars(species).The total content of flavonoids was between 19.430 and 143.043 mg·g^−1 DW.Flavonol glycosides were detected in all samples.Chalconaringenin 2′-O-glucoside was detected from one herbaceous peony cultivar‘Golden Wheel’lutea hybrid tree peony cultivars,and Itoh peony cultivars.The content of chalconaringenin 2′-O-glucoside in the samples was more than 43% of total flavonoids.The pigment type and content of lutea hybrid tree peonies and Itoh hybrid peonies are similar.Total flavonoids,especially quercetin 3-O-galloylglucoside and chalconaringenin 2′-O-glucoside contribute greatly to the formation of yellow flowers of Paeonia.The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the chemical mechanism for yellow flower coloration of Paeonia,and lay the foundation for yellow flower breeding of Paeonia.展开更多
In the pursuit of stable,high performance Ni-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts,modifying the local chemical compositions or fabricating hybrid nanostructures to generate abundant interfaces for impr...In the pursuit of stable,high performance Ni-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts,modifying the local chemical compositions or fabricating hybrid nanostructures to generate abundant interfaces for improving the water oxidation activity of electrocatalysts has emerged as an effective strategy.Herein,we report the facile development of a Ni_(3)S_(2)-CeO_(2)hybrid nanostructure via an electrodeposition method.Benefiting from the strong interfacial interaction between Ni_(3)S_(2)and CeO_(2),the electron transfer is notably improved and the water oxidation activity of Ni_(3)S_(2)nanosheets is significantly enhanced.In 1.0 M KOH,the Ni_(3)S_(2)-CeO_(2)electrocatalyst achieves a current density of 20 mA cm-2 at a low overpotential of 264 mV,which is 92 mV lower than that of Ni_(3)S_(2).Moreover,Ni_(3)S_(2)-CeO_(2)exhibits superior electrochemical stability.Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the enhanced OER electrocatalytic performance of Ni_(3)S_(2)-CeO_(2)can be ascribed to an increase in the binding strength of the reaction intermediates at the Ni_(3)S_(2)-CeO_(2)interface.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate psychometrics of the Chinese (mainland) chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 460 Chinese patients with CHB was se...AIM: To evaluate psychometrics of the Chinese (mainland) chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 460 Chinese patients with CHB was selected from the Outpatient Department of the Eighth Hospital of Xi'an, including CHB (CHB without cirrhosis) (n = 323) and CHB-related cirrhosis (n = 137). The psychometrics includes reliability, validity and sensitivity. Internal consistency reliability was measured using Cronbach's α. Convergent and discriminant validity was evaluated by item-scale correlation. Factorial validity was explored by principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Sensitivity was assessed using Cohen's effect size (ES), and independent sample t test between CHB and CHB-related cirrhosis groups and between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normal and abnormal groups after stratifying the disease (CHB and CHB-related cirrhosis).RESULTS: Internal consistency reliability of the CLDQ was 0.83 (range: 0.65-0.90). Most of the hypothesized item-scale correlations were 0.40 or over, and all of such hypothesized correlations were higher than the alternative ones, indicating satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. Six factors were extracted after varimax rotation from the 29 items of CLDQ. The eligible Cohen's ES with statistically significant independent sample t test was found in the overall CLDQ and abdominal, systematic, activity scales (CHB vs CHBrelated cirrhosis), and in the overall CLDQ and abdominal scale in the stratification of patients with CHB (ALT normal vs abnormal). CONCLUSION: The CLDQ has acceptable reliability, validity and sensitivity in Chinese (mainland) patients with CHB.展开更多
文摘Long-term exposure to high surface ozone(O_(3))concentrations,a complex oxidative atmospheric pollutant,can adversely impact human health.Based on O_(3)monitoring data from 261 cities worldwide in 2020,generalized additive model(GAM)and spatial data analysis(SDA)methods were applied in this study to quantitatively evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of O_(3)concentration,exposure risk,and dominant meteorological factors.Results indicated that over 40%of the cities worldwide were exposed to harmful O_(3)concentration ranges(40-60μg/m^(3)),with most cities distributed in China and India.Moreover,significant seasonal variations in global O_(3)concentrations were observed,presenting as summer(45.6μg/m^(3))>spring(47.3μg/m^(3))>autumn(38.0μg/m^(3))>winter(33.6μg/m^(3)).Exposure analysis revealed that approximately 12.2%of the population in 261 cities were exposed to an environment with high O_(3)concentrations(80-160μg/m^(3)),with about 36.32 million people in major countries.Thus,the persistent increase in high O_(3)levels worldwide is a critical factor contributing to threats to human health.Furthermore,GAM results indicated temperature,relative humidity,and wind speed as primary determinants of O_(3)variability.The synergy of meteorological factors is critical for understanding O_(3)changes.Our findings are important for enforcing robust air quality policies and mitigating public risk.
基金This work was funded by Chongqing Municipal Technology Innovation and Application Development Program(cstc2020jscx-gksb0001)Yunnan Academician(Expert)Workstation Project(202105AF150073).
文摘Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li is a widely used medicinal herb in treating pulmonary diseases.In recent years,its wild resources have become scarce,and the demand for efficient artificial cultivation has significantly increased.This article is the first to apply phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li to the cultivation process of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.The aim is to identify suitable reference strains for the artificial cultivation and industrial development of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li by examining the effects of various phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their combinations on photosynthesis,physiological and biochemical properties,and gene expression related to the protective enzyme system in F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.The experiment,conducted in pots at room temperature,included a control group(CK)and groups inoculated with inorganic phosphorussolubilizing bacteria:W1(Bacillus cereus),W2(Serratia plymuthica),W12(Bacillus cereus and Serratia plymuthica),and groups inoculated with organophosphorus-solubilizing bacteria:Y1(Bacillus cereus),Y2(Bacillus cereus),Y12(Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus),totaling seven groups.Compared to CK,most growth indices in the bacterial addition groups showed significant differences,with W12 achieving the highest values in all indices except the leaf area index.The content of photosynthetic pigments,photosynthetic parameters,and osmoregulatory substances increased variably in each bacterial treatment group.W12 exhibited the highest content of chlorophyll a and soluble protein,while W1 had the highest free proline content.The activities of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and catalase(CAT)in all inoculated groups were higher than in CK,with significant changes in SOD and CAT activities.The malondialdehyde(MDA)content in all inoculated groups was lower than in CK,with Y12 being the lowest,at approximately 30%of CK.Gene expression corresponding to these three enzymes also increased variably,with POD expression in Y2 being the highest at 2.73 times that of CK.SOD and CAT expression in Y12 were the highest,at 1.84 and 4.39 times that of CK,respectively.These results indicate that inoculating phosphate solubilizing bacteria can enhance the growth of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li,with the mixed inoculation groups W12 and Y12 demonstrating superior effects.This lays a theoretical foundation for selecting bacterial fertilizers in the cultivation process of F.taipaiensis P.Y.Li.
文摘BACKGROUND Anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2(CASPR2)antibody encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antibodies against the voltage-gated potassium channel.This leads to neurological symptoms,such as seizures,cognitive decline,and neuropathic pain,primarily affecting the limbic system.The prognosis of this disorder varies among individuals.CASE SUMMARY The patient,a girl aged nine years and nine months,underwent treatment for 14 to 21 d.The main clinical manifestations were vomiting and unclear consciousness,positive pathological signs,normal cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,and abnormal electroencephalogram.The child was discharged after receiving immunoglobulin and hormone treatment.Subsequent follow-up over a period of 15 months after discharge,conducted through telephone and outpatient visits,showed no recurrence of symptoms.CONCLUSION Anti-CASPR2 antibody autoimmune encephalitis in children is rare,mainly manifested as convulsions,mental abnormalities,cognitive impairment,and neuropathic pain,among others.Timely evaluation for autoimmune encephalitis antibodies is crucial,especially in cases of recurrent central nervous system involvement in children.
基金supported by grants from National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials(XMHT20190204007)Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund(No.SZXK023)+4 种基金Shenzhen“San-Ming”Project of Medicine(No.SZSM201612092)Shenzhen Research and Development Project(No.Z2021N054)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundations(No.2019A1515011290,2021A1515012586,2019A1515110983)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M672756)Bethune Charitable Foundation and CSPC Osteoporosis Research Project(No.G-X-2020–1107–21)。
文摘Degradability of bone tissue engineering scaffold that matching the regeneration rate could allow a complete replacement of host tissue.However,the porous structure of biodegradable Mg scaffolds certainly generated high specific surface area,and the three-dimensional interconnected pores provided fast pervasive invasion entrance for the corrosive medium,rising concern of the structural integrity during the degradation.To clarify the structural evolution of the three-dimensional(3D)porous structure,semi-static immersion tests were carried out to evaluate the degradation performance in our previous study.Nevertheless,dynamic immersion tests mimicking the in vivo circulatory fluid through the interconnected porous structure have yet been investigated.Moreover,the effects of dynamic flow rates on the degradation deposition behavior of 3D porous Mg scaffolds were rarely reported.In this study,Mg scaffolds degraded at three flow rates exhibited different degradation rates and deposition process.A flow rate of 0.5 m L/min introduced maximum drop of porosity by accumulated deposition products.The deposition products provided limited protection against the degradation process at a flow rate of 1.0 m L/min.The three-dimensional interconnected porous structure of Mg scaffold degraded at 2.0 m L/min well retained after 14 days showing the best interconnectivity resistance to the degradation deposition process.The dynamic immersion tests disclosed the reason for the different degradation rates on account of flow rates,which may bring insight into understanding of varied in vivo degradation rates related to implantation sites.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Plan of China under Grant 2022YFB3105203National Natural Science Foundation of China(62132009)+2 种基金key fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(62272266)Tsinghua University-China Mobile Communications Group Co.,Ltd.Joint InstituteZhongguancun Laboratory。
文摘The gradual deployment of Low-Earth Orbit(LEO)mega constellations with inter-satellite links(ISLs)promises ubiquitous,low-latency,and high-throughput satellite network services.However,networked LEO satellites with ISLs are also at risk of routing attacks such as hijacking.Existing defenses against route hijacking in terrestrial networks can hardly work for the LEO satellite network due to its high spatiotemporal dynamics.To deal with it,we propose RPD,a high-risk routing path detection method for LEO mega-constellation networks.RPD detects abnormal high-risk LEO network paths by checking the consistency between the path delay and the geographical distance.This is efficiently achieved by combining in-band measurements and out-of-band statistical processing to detect the anomaly of the clustering feature in the reference delay matrix.RPD avoids the recalculation of the header cryptographic marks when the handover occurs,thus greatly reducing the cost and improving the performance of highrisk path detection.Experiments showed that the proposed RPD mechanism achieves an average detection accuracy of 91.64%under normal network conditions,and maintain about 89%even when congestion occurs in multiple areas of the network and measurement noise is considered.In addition,RPD does not require any cryptographic operation on the intermediate node,only minimal communication cost with excellent scalability and deployability.
文摘In China, rural residential environment under the poor construction measures has not been satisfactory due to the backward infrastructure of countryside and the lacking of professional planning, which will result in considerable amount of energy consumption in the future. The economy of rural residences in the hot summer and cold winter region of China is relative developed, but the indoor thermal environmental quality is not so good. In this paper, the design strategies directed by passive design ideas for a small experimental rural residential building located in Hangzhou city was introduced and researched in response to hot summer and cold winter climate. Through modeling solution undertaken by Ecotect software, the building performance was simulated and analyzed for the optimization of design factors, such as shape, roof angle, insulation system, shading devices, as well as day-lighting system. Based on the above study, a set of appropriate energy-saving technologies were provided for improving the new rural residences construction in Hangzhou, which should also be recommended to other projects constructed in the same climate region.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0209600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22022813 and 21878268)the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(2019R01006)。
文摘Lithium cobalt oxide(LiCoO_(2),LCO)dominates in 3C(computer,communication,and consumer)electronics-based batteries with the merits of extraordinary volumetric and gravimetric energy density,high-voltage plateau,and facile synthesis.Currently,the demand for lightweight and longer standby smart portable electronic products drives the development of the upper cut-off voltage of LCO-based batteries to further improve the energy density.However,several challenges,including irreversible structural transformation,surface degradation,cobalt dissolution and oxygen evolution along with detrimental side reactions with the electrolyte remain with charging to a high cut-off voltage(>4.2 V vs.Li/Li+),resulting in rapid capacity decay and safety issues.Based on the degradation mechanisms and latest advances of the high-voltage LCO,this review summarizes modification strategies in view of the LCO structure,artificial interface design and electrolytes optimization.Meanwhile,many advanced characterization and monitoring techniques utilized to clarify the structural and interfacial evolution of LCO during charge/discharge process are critically emphasized.Moreover,the perspectives in terms of integrating multiple modification strategies,applying gel and solid-state electrolytes,optimizing the recovery process and scalable production are presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772350).
文摘Paeonia species are important ornamental plants,including three types:tree peony,herbaceous peony,and Itoh hybrid peony.Paeonia with yellow color is desired and becoming popular.However,the chemical mechanism of the formation of yellow flowers in Paeonia is still unclear.In this study,14 representative samples were selected:four samples of three species of Paeonia,four herbaceous peony cultivars,three lutea hybrid tree peony cultivars,and three Itoh hybrid peony cultivars.The petal extracts of the samples were determined by HPLC-DAD and HPLCQ-TOF-MS/MS.In total,29 flavonoids were isolated and identified,including 28 flavonol glycosides and one chalcone derivative.There were significant differences in the composition and content of flavonoids in petals of different cultivars(species).The total content of flavonoids was between 19.430 and 143.043 mg·g^−1 DW.Flavonol glycosides were detected in all samples.Chalconaringenin 2′-O-glucoside was detected from one herbaceous peony cultivar‘Golden Wheel’lutea hybrid tree peony cultivars,and Itoh peony cultivars.The content of chalconaringenin 2′-O-glucoside in the samples was more than 43% of total flavonoids.The pigment type and content of lutea hybrid tree peonies and Itoh hybrid peonies are similar.Total flavonoids,especially quercetin 3-O-galloylglucoside and chalconaringenin 2′-O-glucoside contribute greatly to the formation of yellow flowers of Paeonia.The results of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the chemical mechanism for yellow flower coloration of Paeonia,and lay the foundation for yellow flower breeding of Paeonia.
文摘In the pursuit of stable,high performance Ni-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts,modifying the local chemical compositions or fabricating hybrid nanostructures to generate abundant interfaces for improving the water oxidation activity of electrocatalysts has emerged as an effective strategy.Herein,we report the facile development of a Ni_(3)S_(2)-CeO_(2)hybrid nanostructure via an electrodeposition method.Benefiting from the strong interfacial interaction between Ni_(3)S_(2)and CeO_(2),the electron transfer is notably improved and the water oxidation activity of Ni_(3)S_(2)nanosheets is significantly enhanced.In 1.0 M KOH,the Ni_(3)S_(2)-CeO_(2)electrocatalyst achieves a current density of 20 mA cm-2 at a low overpotential of 264 mV,which is 92 mV lower than that of Ni_(3)S_(2).Moreover,Ni_(3)S_(2)-CeO_(2)exhibits superior electrochemical stability.Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the enhanced OER electrocatalytic performance of Ni_(3)S_(2)-CeO_(2)can be ascribed to an increase in the binding strength of the reaction intermediates at the Ni_(3)S_(2)-CeO_(2)interface.
基金Supported by The National TS Major Project of China,No.2008ZX10002-001 and No.2012ZX10002001
文摘AIM: To evaluate psychometrics of the Chinese (mainland) chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 460 Chinese patients with CHB was selected from the Outpatient Department of the Eighth Hospital of Xi'an, including CHB (CHB without cirrhosis) (n = 323) and CHB-related cirrhosis (n = 137). The psychometrics includes reliability, validity and sensitivity. Internal consistency reliability was measured using Cronbach's α. Convergent and discriminant validity was evaluated by item-scale correlation. Factorial validity was explored by principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Sensitivity was assessed using Cohen's effect size (ES), and independent sample t test between CHB and CHB-related cirrhosis groups and between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normal and abnormal groups after stratifying the disease (CHB and CHB-related cirrhosis).RESULTS: Internal consistency reliability of the CLDQ was 0.83 (range: 0.65-0.90). Most of the hypothesized item-scale correlations were 0.40 or over, and all of such hypothesized correlations were higher than the alternative ones, indicating satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. Six factors were extracted after varimax rotation from the 29 items of CLDQ. The eligible Cohen's ES with statistically significant independent sample t test was found in the overall CLDQ and abdominal, systematic, activity scales (CHB vs CHBrelated cirrhosis), and in the overall CLDQ and abdominal scale in the stratification of patients with CHB (ALT normal vs abnormal). CONCLUSION: The CLDQ has acceptable reliability, validity and sensitivity in Chinese (mainland) patients with CHB.
