Objectives: A non-clinical study was performed to establish a LC-MS/MS method to determine the in vivo active components of doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome injection in the plasma of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: T...Objectives: A non-clinical study was performed to establish a LC-MS/MS method to determine the in vivo active components of doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome injection in the plasma of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Ten male SD rats were administered tail vein with a single dose of 10 mg/kg, and the concentrations of doxorubicin hydrochloride in plasma, heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Results: The final concentration of doxorubicin hydrochloride ranged from 500 ng/mL to 250,000 ng/mL, and the lower limit of quantification was 500 ng/mL;the main pharmacokinetic parameters: T<sub>1/2</sub> was (19.282 ± 10.305) h, C<sub>max</sub> was (118514.828 ± 26155.134) ng/mL, AUC<sub>0-24</sub> and AUC<sub>0-∞</sub> were (1216659.205 ± 192706.268) ng/mL⋅h and (2082244.523 ± 860139.487) ng/mL⋅h, MRT<sub>0-24</sub> and MRT<sub>0-∞</sub> were (9.237 ± 0.423) h and (26.52 ± 14.015) h, respectively, and clearance (CL) was (0.005 ± 0.002) mL/h⋅ng. Conclusions: The method is simple, rapid, and sensitive, which can be used for the determination of doxorubicin hydrochloride concentration in the plasma of SD rats and pharmacokinetic non-clinical studies.展开更多
Background:Evidence suggests that glucocorticoids are important in the treatment of sudden hearing loss(SHL)and Meniere’s disease(MD).However,different glucocorticoid administration methods may have a significant imp...Background:Evidence suggests that glucocorticoids are important in the treatment of sudden hearing loss(SHL)and Meniere’s disease(MD).However,different glucocorticoid administration methods may have a significant impact on treatment outcomes.Objective:This study aimed to investigate effects of different glucocorticoid administration methods on sudden hearing loss and Meniere’s disease.Methods:In this study,glucocorticoids were administered orally in 18 patients,by retroauricular injection in 15 patients and by intratympanic injection in 15 patients.White blood cell(WBC)count,serum Kt,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),body temperature,heart rate and blood pressure were used to evaluate effects of glucocorticoids on patients with hearing loss.Visual analog scale(VAS)of pain and sleep disorders were also surveyed,and pure tone audiometry(PTA)results were compared among groups to evaluate efficacy of different glucocorticoids administration methods.Result:WBC count,heart rate and blood pressure were higher in patients taking oral glucocorticoids,while body temperature,serum Kt and FPG levels did not change in all three groups.However,patients who received intratympanic injection of glucocorticoids experienced more pain,while those taking oral glucocorticoids reported more sleep impairment.Treatment efficacy on hearing loss was not significantly different among the three groups.Conclusion:These findings suggest that systemic glucocorticoid administration can result in greater whole body responses than local administration,but with similar hearing treatment efficacy.展开更多
“These two tetrahedra are symmetrical;they cannot be superimposed:they are in relation to each other what an image is,in a mirror,in relation to the real thing.”1—Louis Pasteur,on the Discovery of Chirality,1848.
Surface sediments are closely related to lake black blooms. The dissolved oxygen(DO) distribution and its penetration depth in surface sediments as well as the migration and transformation of redox sensitive elements ...Surface sediments are closely related to lake black blooms. The dissolved oxygen(DO) distribution and its penetration depth in surface sediments as well as the migration and transformation of redox sensitive elements such as Fe and S at the sediment-water interface are important factors that could influence the formation of the black bloom. In this study, dredged and undredged sediment cores with diferent surface properties were used to simulate black blooms in the laboratory. The Micro Profiling System was employed to explore features of the DO and ∑ H2 S distribution at the sediment-water interface. Physical and chemical characteristics in sediments and pore waters were also analyzed. The results showed that sediment dredging efectively suppressed the black blooms. In the undredged treatment, DO penetration depth was only 50 μm. Fe2+concentrations, ∑ H2 S concentrations, and ∑ H2 S production rates were remarkably higher in surface sediments and pore waters compared to control and dredged treatments. Furthermore, depletion of DO and accumulation of Fe2+and ∑ H2 S in surface sediments and pore waters provided favorable redox environments and necessary material sources for the blooms. The study results proved that physical and chemical characteristics in surface sediments are important factors in the formation of the black bloom, and could provide scientific guidance for emergency treatment and long-term pre-control of black blooms.展开更多
Organic matter-induced black blooms(hypoxia and an offensive odor) are a serious ecosystem disasters that have occurred in some large eutrophic shallow lakes in China. In this study, we investigated two separate black...Organic matter-induced black blooms(hypoxia and an offensive odor) are a serious ecosystem disasters that have occurred in some large eutrophic shallow lakes in China. In this study, we investigated two separate black blooms that were induced by Potamogeton crispus in Lake Taihu, China. The main physical and chemical characteristics, including color- and odor-related substances, of the black blooms were analyzed. The black blooms were characterized by low dissolved oxygen concentration(close to 0 mg/L), low oxidation-reduction potential, and relatively low pH of overlying water. Notably higher Fe2+and∑S2-were found in the black-bloom waters than in waters not affected by black blooms. The black color of the water may be attributable to the high concentration of these elements, as black FeS was considered to be the main substance causing the black color of blooms in freshwater lakes. Volatile organic sulfur compounds, including dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, were very abundant in the black-bloom waters. The massive anoxic degradation of dead Potamogeton crispus plants released dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, which were the main odor-causing compounds in the black blooms. The black blooms also induced an increase in ammonium nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus levels in the overlying waters. This extreme phenomenon not only heavily influenced the original lake ecosystem but also greatly changed the cycling of Fe, S, and nutrients in the water column.展开更多
The abuse of antibiotics is leading to the emergence of resistant bacteria.In this work,a drug-free composite of ZnO/CDots/g-C3N4 with Z-scheme heterojunction was developed,which was employed to kill bacteria effectiv...The abuse of antibiotics is leading to the emergence of resistant bacteria.In this work,a drug-free composite of ZnO/CDots/g-C3N4 with Z-scheme heterojunction was developed,which was employed to kill bacteria effectively within a very short time under the irradiation of visible light due to the enhanced photocatalytic and photothermal effects.In this system,the CDots acted as a bridge between g-C3N4 and ZnO,effectively inhibiting the recombination of photo-generated electrons with holes and consequently enhancing the photocatalytic properties.In addition,CDots endowed the system with excellent photothermal effects.As a result,the antibacterial efficacy of ZnO/CDots/g-C3N4 composite against S.aureus and E.coli reached up to 99.97%and 99.99%respectively,after 15 min of visible light irradiation,due to the synergistic action of photo-inspired radical oxygen species and hyperthermia.The Zn ions released from the composite promoted the growth of fibroblasts,which accelerated the wound healing process.展开更多
文摘Objectives: A non-clinical study was performed to establish a LC-MS/MS method to determine the in vivo active components of doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome injection in the plasma of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Ten male SD rats were administered tail vein with a single dose of 10 mg/kg, and the concentrations of doxorubicin hydrochloride in plasma, heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Results: The final concentration of doxorubicin hydrochloride ranged from 500 ng/mL to 250,000 ng/mL, and the lower limit of quantification was 500 ng/mL;the main pharmacokinetic parameters: T<sub>1/2</sub> was (19.282 ± 10.305) h, C<sub>max</sub> was (118514.828 ± 26155.134) ng/mL, AUC<sub>0-24</sub> and AUC<sub>0-∞</sub> were (1216659.205 ± 192706.268) ng/mL⋅h and (2082244.523 ± 860139.487) ng/mL⋅h, MRT<sub>0-24</sub> and MRT<sub>0-∞</sub> were (9.237 ± 0.423) h and (26.52 ± 14.015) h, respectively, and clearance (CL) was (0.005 ± 0.002) mL/h⋅ng. Conclusions: The method is simple, rapid, and sensitive, which can be used for the determination of doxorubicin hydrochloride concentration in the plasma of SD rats and pharmacokinetic non-clinical studies.
基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(#201803010093)Special Cultivation Project of Sun Yat-sen University(#2018122819965)。
文摘Background:Evidence suggests that glucocorticoids are important in the treatment of sudden hearing loss(SHL)and Meniere’s disease(MD).However,different glucocorticoid administration methods may have a significant impact on treatment outcomes.Objective:This study aimed to investigate effects of different glucocorticoid administration methods on sudden hearing loss and Meniere’s disease.Methods:In this study,glucocorticoids were administered orally in 18 patients,by retroauricular injection in 15 patients and by intratympanic injection in 15 patients.White blood cell(WBC)count,serum Kt,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),body temperature,heart rate and blood pressure were used to evaluate effects of glucocorticoids on patients with hearing loss.Visual analog scale(VAS)of pain and sleep disorders were also surveyed,and pure tone audiometry(PTA)results were compared among groups to evaluate efficacy of different glucocorticoids administration methods.Result:WBC count,heart rate and blood pressure were higher in patients taking oral glucocorticoids,while body temperature,serum Kt and FPG levels did not change in all three groups.However,patients who received intratympanic injection of glucocorticoids experienced more pain,while those taking oral glucocorticoids reported more sleep impairment.Treatment efficacy on hearing loss was not significantly different among the three groups.Conclusion:These findings suggest that systemic glucocorticoid administration can result in greater whole body responses than local administration,but with similar hearing treatment efficacy.
文摘“These two tetrahedra are symmetrical;they cannot be superimposed:they are in relation to each other what an image is,in a mirror,in relation to the real thing.”1—Louis Pasteur,on the Discovery of Chirality,1848.
基金supported by the Major National Science and Technology Programs on Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2012X0713-005)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20118790)+2 种基金the 135 Project of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Lim-nologyChinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y213518090)the Industry-University-Research Prosepective Joint Research Projects of Jiangsu Province(No.BY2011165)
文摘Surface sediments are closely related to lake black blooms. The dissolved oxygen(DO) distribution and its penetration depth in surface sediments as well as the migration and transformation of redox sensitive elements such as Fe and S at the sediment-water interface are important factors that could influence the formation of the black bloom. In this study, dredged and undredged sediment cores with diferent surface properties were used to simulate black blooms in the laboratory. The Micro Profiling System was employed to explore features of the DO and ∑ H2 S distribution at the sediment-water interface. Physical and chemical characteristics in sediments and pore waters were also analyzed. The results showed that sediment dredging efectively suppressed the black blooms. In the undredged treatment, DO penetration depth was only 50 μm. Fe2+concentrations, ∑ H2 S concentrations, and ∑ H2 S production rates were remarkably higher in surface sediments and pore waters compared to control and dredged treatments. Furthermore, depletion of DO and accumulation of Fe2+and ∑ H2 S in surface sediments and pore waters provided favorable redox environments and necessary material sources for the blooms. The study results proved that physical and chemical characteristics in surface sediments are important factors in the formation of the black bloom, and could provide scientific guidance for emergency treatment and long-term pre-control of black blooms.
基金supported by the Major National Science and Technology Programs on Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2012X0713-005)the Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-EW-314)+2 种基金the 135 Project of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. NIGLAS2012135008)the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (No. 41103033)the IndustryUniversity-Research Prospective Joint Research Projects of Jiangsu Province (No. BY2011165)
文摘Organic matter-induced black blooms(hypoxia and an offensive odor) are a serious ecosystem disasters that have occurred in some large eutrophic shallow lakes in China. In this study, we investigated two separate black blooms that were induced by Potamogeton crispus in Lake Taihu, China. The main physical and chemical characteristics, including color- and odor-related substances, of the black blooms were analyzed. The black blooms were characterized by low dissolved oxygen concentration(close to 0 mg/L), low oxidation-reduction potential, and relatively low pH of overlying water. Notably higher Fe2+and∑S2-were found in the black-bloom waters than in waters not affected by black blooms. The black color of the water may be attributable to the high concentration of these elements, as black FeS was considered to be the main substance causing the black color of blooms in freshwater lakes. Volatile organic sulfur compounds, including dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, were very abundant in the black-bloom waters. The massive anoxic degradation of dead Potamogeton crispus plants released dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, which were the main odor-causing compounds in the black blooms. The black blooms also induced an increase in ammonium nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus levels in the overlying waters. This extreme phenomenon not only heavily influenced the original lake ecosystem but also greatly changed the cycling of Fe, S, and nutrients in the water column.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC1100600 and sub-project No.2016YFC1100604)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.51925104)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51671081 and 51871162)the Natural Science Fund of Hubei Province(No.2018CFA064)Hong Kong ITC(Nos.ITS/287/17 and GHX/002/14SZ)Health and Medical Research Fund(No.03142446)Hong Kong RGC GRF(No.17214516)RGC/NSFC(No.N HKU725-16)。
文摘The abuse of antibiotics is leading to the emergence of resistant bacteria.In this work,a drug-free composite of ZnO/CDots/g-C3N4 with Z-scheme heterojunction was developed,which was employed to kill bacteria effectively within a very short time under the irradiation of visible light due to the enhanced photocatalytic and photothermal effects.In this system,the CDots acted as a bridge between g-C3N4 and ZnO,effectively inhibiting the recombination of photo-generated electrons with holes and consequently enhancing the photocatalytic properties.In addition,CDots endowed the system with excellent photothermal effects.As a result,the antibacterial efficacy of ZnO/CDots/g-C3N4 composite against S.aureus and E.coli reached up to 99.97%and 99.99%respectively,after 15 min of visible light irradiation,due to the synergistic action of photo-inspired radical oxygen species and hyperthermia.The Zn ions released from the composite promoted the growth of fibroblasts,which accelerated the wound healing process.
