A composite Air Health Index(AHI)is helpful for separately emphasizing the health risks of multiple stimuli and communicating the overall risks of an adverse atmospheric environment to the public.We aimed to establish...A composite Air Health Index(AHI)is helpful for separately emphasizing the health risks of multiple stimuli and communicating the overall risks of an adverse atmospheric environment to the public.We aimed to establish a new AHI by integrating daily mortality risks due to air pollution with those due to non-optimum temperature in China.Based on the exposure-response(E-R)coefficients obtained from time-series models,the new AHI was constructed as the sum of excess mortality risk associated with air pollutants and non-optimum temperature in 272 Chinese cities from 2013 to 2015.We examined the association between the“total AHI”(based on total mortality)and total mortality,and further compared the ability of the“total AHI”to predict specific cardiopulmonary mortality with that of“specific AHIs”(based on specific mortalities).On average,air pollution and non-optimum temperature were associated with 28.23%of daily excess mortality,of which 23.47%was associated with non-optimum temperature while the remainder was associated with fine particulate matter(PM2.5)(1.12%),NO2(2.29%,),and O3(2.29%).The new AHI uses a 10-point scale and shows an average across all 272 cities of 6 points.The E-R curve for AHI and mortality is approximately linear,without any thresholds.Each one unit increase in“total AHI”is associated with a 0.84%increase in all-cause mortality and 1.01%,0.98%,1.02%,1.66%,and 1.71%increases in cardiovascular disease,coronary heart disease,stroke,respiratory diseases,and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality,respectively.Cause-specific mortality risk estimates using the“total AHI”are similar to those predicted by“specific AHIs.”In conclusion,the“total AHI”proposed herein could be a promising tool for communicating health risks related to exposure to the ambient environment to the public.展开更多
Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a serious type of sleep disorder that can lead to cardiometabolic and neurocognitive diseases.We utilized smart device-based photoplethysmography technology to collect sleep data from th...Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a serious type of sleep disorder that can lead to cardiometabolic and neurocognitive diseases.We utilized smart device-based photoplethysmography technology to collect sleep data from the Chinese population from 2019 to 2022.Distributed lag nonlinear models combined with a generalized nonlinear model or a linear mixed effects model were used to investigate the shortterm associations between daily temperature and indicators of OSA severity.We included a total of 6,232,056 d of sleep monitoring data from 51,842 participants with moderate to severe risk of OSA from 313 Chinese cities.The relationships between ambient temperature and OSA exacerbation,apneahypopnea index(AHI),and minimum oxygen saturation(MinSpO_(2))were almost linear and present only on the same day.Higher temperatures were associated with a greater risk of OSA exacerbation,with an 8.4%(95%confidence interval(CI):7.6%–9.3%)increase per 10℃increase in temperature.A 10℃increase in daily temperature corresponded to an AHI increase of 0.70 events/h(95%CI:0.65–0.76)and a MinSpO_(2)decrease of 0.18%(95%CI:0.16%–0.19%).Exposure to elevated temperatures during the night can also lead to adverse effects.The effects of higher temperatures on OSA severity were stronger among men,participants with a body mass index24 kg/m2,those aged 45 years and older,individuals with a history of hypertension and diabetes,and during the cold season.This large-scale,nationwide,longitudinal study provides robust evidence suggesting that higher ambient temperatures may immediately worsen OSA.展开更多
Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a pregnancy-related metabolic disorder associated with short-term and long-term adverse health outcomes,but its pathogenesis has not been clearly elucidated.Investigations of the d...Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a pregnancy-related metabolic disorder associated with short-term and long-term adverse health outcomes,but its pathogenesis has not been clearly elucidated.Investigations of the dynamic changes in metabolomic markers in different trimesters may reveal the underlying pathophysiology of GDM progression.Therefore,in the present study,we analysed the metabolic profiles of 75 women with GDM and 75 women with normal glucose tolerance throughout the three trimesters.We found that the variation trends of 38 metabolites were significantly changed during GDM development.Specifically,longitudinal analyses revealed that cysteine(Cys)levels significantly decreased over the course of GDM progression.Further study showed that Cys alleviated GDM in female mice at gestational day 14.5,possibly by inhibiting phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis.Taken together,these findings suggest that the Cys metabolism pathway might play a crucial role in GDM and Cys supplementation represents a potential new treatment strategy for GDM patients.展开更多
This review aimed to systematically summarize the epidemiological literature on the cardiorespiratory effects of PM_(2.5)published during the 13^(th) Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020)in China.Original articles publishe...This review aimed to systematically summarize the epidemiological literature on the cardiorespiratory effects of PM_(2.5)published during the 13^(th) Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020)in China.Original articles published between January 1,2016 and June 30,2021 were searched in PubMed,Web of Science,the China National Knowledge Internet Database and Wanfang Database.Random-or fixed-effects models were used to pool effect estimates where appropriate.Of 8558 records identified,145 met the full eligibility criteria.A 10μg/m^(3) increase in short-term PM_(2.5)exposure was significantly associated with increases of 0.70%,0.86%,0.38%and 0.96%in cardiovascular mortality,respiratory mortality,cardiovascular morbidity,and respiratory morbidity,respectively.The specific diseases with significant associations included stroke,ischemic heart disease,heart failure,arrhythmia,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,pneumonia and allergic rhinitis.The pooled estimates per 10μg/m^(3) increase in long-term PM_(2.5)exposure were 15.1%,11.9%and 21.0%increases in cardiovascular,stroke and lung cancer mortality,and 17.4%,11.0%and 4.88%increases in cardiovascular,hypertension and lung cancer incidence respectively.Adverse changes in blood pressure,heart rate variability,systemic infiammation,blood lipids,lung function and airway infiammation were observed for either short-term or long-term PM_(2.5)exposure,or both.Collectively,we summarized representative exposure-response relationships between short-and long-term PM_(2.5)exposure and a wide range of cardiorespiratory outcomes applicable to China.The magnitudes of estimates were generally smaller in short-term associations and comparable in long-term associations compared with those in developed countries.Ourfindings are helpful for future standard revisions and policy formulation.There are still some notable gaps that merit further investigation in China.展开更多
Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)can lead to sleep deprivation,accidents,and cardiovascular diseases.However,research on the short-term effects of air pollutants on OSA severity is limited and inconsistent.We conducted a n...Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)can lead to sleep deprivation,accidents,and cardiovascular diseases.However,research on the short-term effects of air pollutants on OSA severity is limited and inconsistent.We conducted a novel case time series analysis using a nationwide dataset among Huawei smart device users to assess the association between air pollution and OSA severity in a population at moderate-to-severe risk of OSA.Fixed-effects regression models were used to assess the associations between air pollution and the risk of OSA exacerbation,apnea-hypopnea index(AH),and oxygen saturation.A total of 51,842 participants who were at moder-ate-tosevere risk of OSA(mean age[SD]:45.4[11.0],95.5%male)were included,with 6,232,056 person-days of monitoring.The as sociations of fine particulate matter,nitrogen dioxide,carbon monoxide,and sulfur dioxide with OSA severity could occur during the sleep period,and last for 2 days.An increase of 1 interquartile range in the moving average concentrations of air pollution during the sleep period and the 2 previous days was associated with a 1.14%-4.31%increase in the risk of OSA exacerbation,an increase in AHI by 0.05-0.17 events/h,and a decrease in oxygen saturation(%)by 0.003-0.014.The exposure-response curves were almost linear.The associations between air pollutants and OSA were consistently stronger in participants aged 45 years or older.By virtue of the smart device-based technology,this largescale,nationwide,longitudinal study provides compelling evidence that short-term exposure to air pollution may worsen sleep apnea.Our findings highlight the significance of ongoing efforts to improve air quality in mitigating OSA severity and the relevant disease burden in an aging era.展开更多
Ambient particulate matter(PM)pollution in China continues to be a major public health challenge.With the release of the new WHO air quality guidelines in 2021,there is an urgent need for China to contemplate a revisi...Ambient particulate matter(PM)pollution in China continues to be a major public health challenge.With the release of the new WHO air quality guidelines in 2021,there is an urgent need for China to contemplate a revision of air quality standards(AQS).In the recent decade,there has been an increase in epidemiological studies on PM in China.A comprehensive evaluation of such epidemiological evidence among the Chinese population is central for revision of the AQS in China and in other developing countries with similar air pollution problems.We thus conducted a systematic review on the epidemiological literature of PM published in the recent decade.展开更多
Herein,we report a homemade new Nd:YAG crystal rod that contains a gradient dopant of 0.39–0.80 at.%Nd3+ from end to end,achieving superior performance of a 2 kHz Nd:YAG pulse laser at 1064 nm. The optical-tooptical ...Herein,we report a homemade new Nd:YAG crystal rod that contains a gradient dopant of 0.39–0.80 at.%Nd3+ from end to end,achieving superior performance of a 2 kHz Nd:YAG pulse laser at 1064 nm. The optical-tooptical conversion efficiency reached 53.8%,and the maximum output power of the laser was 24.2 W,enhanced by 35.9% compared with a uniform crystal rod with the same total concentration of Nd3+. Significantly,our experiments revealed that the gradient concentration crystal produced a relatively even pumping distribution along the rod axis,greatly reducing the temperature gradient as well as having a smaller thermal effect. The pump and thermal distribution smoothing obviously improved the features of laser oscillation and output.展开更多
Pressure-and temperature-dependent luminescence properties of ^(3)F_(3/2)→^(4)I9/2 transition of Nd^(3+):GdTaO_(4) were studied for potential applications in optical sensing.Two isolated emission lines corresponding ...Pressure-and temperature-dependent luminescence properties of ^(3)F_(3/2)→^(4)I9/2 transition of Nd^(3+):GdTaO_(4) were studied for potential applications in optical sensing.Two isolated emission lines corresponding to^(3)F_(3/2)(R2,1)→^(4)I_(9/2)(Z5)transitions,located at 920 and 927 nm under ambient condition,are very sensitive to pressure with coefficients of-15.6 and-14.5 cm^(-1)/GPa determined in a pressure range up to about 9 GPa.The luminescence intensity ratio between the two emission lines exhibits a large dependence with temperature in a range from 80 to 620 K,the corresponding temperature sensitivity at room temperature is similar to that of Nd^(3+):YAG.These advantages,together with the other observed features of high stable position relationship under pressure and low thermal shifts for the two emission lines indicate that Nd^(3+):GdTaO_(4) is a promising candidate to be used as pressure and temperature sensors in the near-infrared spectral range.展开更多
A Nd-doped GdNbO4 single crystals have been grown successfully using the Czochralski technique. The chemical etching method was employed to study the defects in the structural morphology of Nd：GdNbO4 crystal with pho...A Nd-doped GdNbO4 single crystals have been grown successfully using the Czochralski technique. The chemical etching method was employed to study the defects in the structural morphology of Nd：GdNbO4 crystal with phosphoric acid etchant. Mechanical proper- ties （such as hardness, yield strength, fracture toughness, and brittle index） of the as-grown crystal were system- atically estimated on the basis of the Vickers hardness test for the first time. The transmission spectrum of Nd： GdNbO4 was measured in the wavelength range of 320- 2400 nm at room temperature, and the absorption peaks were assigned. Results hold great significance for further research on Nd：GdNbO4.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(92043301,82030103,and 91843302)the Research Program of the Shanghai Meteorological Service(ZD201904).
文摘A composite Air Health Index(AHI)is helpful for separately emphasizing the health risks of multiple stimuli and communicating the overall risks of an adverse atmospheric environment to the public.We aimed to establish a new AHI by integrating daily mortality risks due to air pollution with those due to non-optimum temperature in China.Based on the exposure-response(E-R)coefficients obtained from time-series models,the new AHI was constructed as the sum of excess mortality risk associated with air pollutants and non-optimum temperature in 272 Chinese cities from 2013 to 2015.We examined the association between the“total AHI”(based on total mortality)and total mortality,and further compared the ability of the“total AHI”to predict specific cardiopulmonary mortality with that of“specific AHIs”(based on specific mortalities).On average,air pollution and non-optimum temperature were associated with 28.23%of daily excess mortality,of which 23.47%was associated with non-optimum temperature while the remainder was associated with fine particulate matter(PM2.5)(1.12%),NO2(2.29%,),and O3(2.29%).The new AHI uses a 10-point scale and shows an average across all 272 cities of 6 points.The E-R curve for AHI and mortality is approximately linear,without any thresholds.Each one unit increase in“total AHI”is associated with a 0.84%increase in all-cause mortality and 1.01%,0.98%,1.02%,1.66%,and 1.71%increases in cardiovascular disease,coronary heart disease,stroke,respiratory diseases,and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality,respectively.Cause-specific mortality risk estimates using the“total AHI”are similar to those predicted by“specific AHIs.”In conclusion,the“total AHI”proposed herein could be a promising tool for communicating health risks related to exposure to the ambient environment to the public.
基金supported by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2023SHZDZX02)Shanghai B&R Joint Laboratory Project(22230750300)+2 种基金Shanghai International Science and Technology Partnership Project(21230780200)the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(21TQ015)the Shanghai 3-year Public Health Action Plan(GWVI-11.2-YQ32).
文摘Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is a serious type of sleep disorder that can lead to cardiometabolic and neurocognitive diseases.We utilized smart device-based photoplethysmography technology to collect sleep data from the Chinese population from 2019 to 2022.Distributed lag nonlinear models combined with a generalized nonlinear model or a linear mixed effects model were used to investigate the shortterm associations between daily temperature and indicators of OSA severity.We included a total of 6,232,056 d of sleep monitoring data from 51,842 participants with moderate to severe risk of OSA from 313 Chinese cities.The relationships between ambient temperature and OSA exacerbation,apneahypopnea index(AHI),and minimum oxygen saturation(MinSpO_(2))were almost linear and present only on the same day.Higher temperatures were associated with a greater risk of OSA exacerbation,with an 8.4%(95%confidence interval(CI):7.6%–9.3%)increase per 10℃increase in temperature.A 10℃increase in daily temperature corresponded to an AHI increase of 0.70 events/h(95%CI:0.65–0.76)and a MinSpO_(2)decrease of 0.18%(95%CI:0.16%–0.19%).Exposure to elevated temperatures during the night can also lead to adverse effects.The effects of higher temperatures on OSA severity were stronger among men,participants with a body mass index24 kg/m2,those aged 45 years and older,individuals with a history of hypertension and diabetes,and during the cold season.This large-scale,nationwide,longitudinal study provides robust evidence suggesting that higher ambient temperatures may immediately worsen OSA.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81870610)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Foundation(21Y11904800 and 23ZR1451500)+1 种基金the Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(SHDC2020CR3065B)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2501600 and 2021YFC2501601).
文摘Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a pregnancy-related metabolic disorder associated with short-term and long-term adverse health outcomes,but its pathogenesis has not been clearly elucidated.Investigations of the dynamic changes in metabolomic markers in different trimesters may reveal the underlying pathophysiology of GDM progression.Therefore,in the present study,we analysed the metabolic profiles of 75 women with GDM and 75 women with normal glucose tolerance throughout the three trimesters.We found that the variation trends of 38 metabolites were significantly changed during GDM development.Specifically,longitudinal analyses revealed that cysteine(Cys)levels significantly decreased over the course of GDM progression.Further study showed that Cys alleviated GDM in female mice at gestational day 14.5,possibly by inhibiting phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis.Taken together,these findings suggest that the Cys metabolism pathway might play a crucial role in GDM and Cys supplementation represents a potential new treatment strategy for GDM patients.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC0214801)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92043301 and 92143301)。
文摘This review aimed to systematically summarize the epidemiological literature on the cardiorespiratory effects of PM_(2.5)published during the 13^(th) Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020)in China.Original articles published between January 1,2016 and June 30,2021 were searched in PubMed,Web of Science,the China National Knowledge Internet Database and Wanfang Database.Random-or fixed-effects models were used to pool effect estimates where appropriate.Of 8558 records identified,145 met the full eligibility criteria.A 10μg/m^(3) increase in short-term PM_(2.5)exposure was significantly associated with increases of 0.70%,0.86%,0.38%and 0.96%in cardiovascular mortality,respiratory mortality,cardiovascular morbidity,and respiratory morbidity,respectively.The specific diseases with significant associations included stroke,ischemic heart disease,heart failure,arrhythmia,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,pneumonia and allergic rhinitis.The pooled estimates per 10μg/m^(3) increase in long-term PM_(2.5)exposure were 15.1%,11.9%and 21.0%increases in cardiovascular,stroke and lung cancer mortality,and 17.4%,11.0%and 4.88%increases in cardiovascular,hypertension and lung cancer incidence respectively.Adverse changes in blood pressure,heart rate variability,systemic infiammation,blood lipids,lung function and airway infiammation were observed for either short-term or long-term PM_(2.5)exposure,or both.Collectively,we summarized representative exposure-response relationships between short-and long-term PM_(2.5)exposure and a wide range of cardiorespiratory outcomes applicable to China.The magnitudes of estimates were generally smaller in short-term associations and comparable in long-term associations compared with those in developed countries.Ourfindings are helpful for future standard revisions and policy formulation.There are still some notable gaps that merit further investigation in China.
基金National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC3702701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(92043301 and 82170309)Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(21TQ015).
文摘Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)can lead to sleep deprivation,accidents,and cardiovascular diseases.However,research on the short-term effects of air pollutants on OSA severity is limited and inconsistent.We conducted a novel case time series analysis using a nationwide dataset among Huawei smart device users to assess the association between air pollution and OSA severity in a population at moderate-to-severe risk of OSA.Fixed-effects regression models were used to assess the associations between air pollution and the risk of OSA exacerbation,apnea-hypopnea index(AH),and oxygen saturation.A total of 51,842 participants who were at moder-ate-tosevere risk of OSA(mean age[SD]:45.4[11.0],95.5%male)were included,with 6,232,056 person-days of monitoring.The as sociations of fine particulate matter,nitrogen dioxide,carbon monoxide,and sulfur dioxide with OSA severity could occur during the sleep period,and last for 2 days.An increase of 1 interquartile range in the moving average concentrations of air pollution during the sleep period and the 2 previous days was associated with a 1.14%-4.31%increase in the risk of OSA exacerbation,an increase in AHI by 0.05-0.17 events/h,and a decrease in oxygen saturation(%)by 0.003-0.014.The exposure-response curves were almost linear.The associations between air pollutants and OSA were consistently stronger in participants aged 45 years or older.By virtue of the smart device-based technology,this largescale,nationwide,longitudinal study provides compelling evidence that short-term exposure to air pollution may worsen sleep apnea.Our findings highlight the significance of ongoing efforts to improve air quality in mitigating OSA severity and the relevant disease burden in an aging era.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92043301,82030103,and 92143301)the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(21TQ015).
文摘Ambient particulate matter(PM)pollution in China continues to be a major public health challenge.With the release of the new WHO air quality guidelines in 2021,there is an urgent need for China to contemplate a revision of air quality standards(AQS).In the recent decade,there has been an increase in epidemiological studies on PM in China.A comprehensive evaluation of such epidemiological evidence among the Chinese population is central for revision of the AQS in China and in other developing countries with similar air pollution problems.We thus conducted a systematic review on the epidemiological literature of PM published in the recent decade.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB0407204,2016YFB0701001)。
文摘Herein,we report a homemade new Nd:YAG crystal rod that contains a gradient dopant of 0.39–0.80 at.%Nd3+ from end to end,achieving superior performance of a 2 kHz Nd:YAG pulse laser at 1064 nm. The optical-tooptical conversion efficiency reached 53.8%,and the maximum output power of the laser was 24.2 W,enhanced by 35.9% compared with a uniform crystal rod with the same total concentration of Nd3+. Significantly,our experiments revealed that the gradient concentration crystal produced a relatively even pumping distribution along the rod axis,greatly reducing the temperature gradient as well as having a smaller thermal effect. The pump and thermal distribution smoothing obviously improved the features of laser oscillation and output.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11804047)Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin City(201831733)Development Program of Education Department of Jilin Province(JJKH20180425KJ)。
文摘Pressure-and temperature-dependent luminescence properties of ^(3)F_(3/2)→^(4)I9/2 transition of Nd^(3+):GdTaO_(4) were studied for potential applications in optical sensing.Two isolated emission lines corresponding to^(3)F_(3/2)(R2,1)→^(4)I_(9/2)(Z5)transitions,located at 920 and 927 nm under ambient condition,are very sensitive to pressure with coefficients of-15.6 and-14.5 cm^(-1)/GPa determined in a pressure range up to about 9 GPa.The luminescence intensity ratio between the two emission lines exhibits a large dependence with temperature in a range from 80 to 620 K,the corresponding temperature sensitivity at room temperature is similar to that of Nd^(3+):YAG.These advantages,together with the other observed features of high stable position relationship under pressure and low thermal shifts for the two emission lines indicate that Nd^(3+):GdTaO_(4) is a promising candidate to be used as pressure and temperature sensors in the near-infrared spectral range.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 61205173, 51272254, 51502292, and 61405206） and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. CXJJ- 15M055）.
文摘A Nd-doped GdNbO4 single crystals have been grown successfully using the Czochralski technique. The chemical etching method was employed to study the defects in the structural morphology of Nd：GdNbO4 crystal with phosphoric acid etchant. Mechanical proper- ties （such as hardness, yield strength, fracture toughness, and brittle index） of the as-grown crystal were system- atically estimated on the basis of the Vickers hardness test for the first time. The transmission spectrum of Nd： GdNbO4 was measured in the wavelength range of 320- 2400 nm at room temperature, and the absorption peaks were assigned. Results hold great significance for further research on Nd：GdNbO4.
