Objective： The purpose of this study was to study the clinical, imaging characters and pathological characteristics of esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma. Methods： We reviewed 23 cases of esophageal sarcomatoid carcin...Objective： The purpose of this study was to study the clinical, imaging characters and pathological characteristics of esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma. Methods： We reviewed 23 cases of esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma from Janu ary 2006 to December 2013 in four hospitals. The data of patients who were esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma operated were retrospectively analyzed. All cases had completed upper gastrointestinal barium images materials and 14 of these cases had completed CT images materials. Upper gastrointestinal barium images and CT imaging features include tumor location, size, shape, and strengthen, etc. The biological parameters of lesions including the express of cytokeratin AE1/AE3, 34E12,, Vimentin, desmin, Actin, S100 and Ki67 detected by immunhistochemical UltraSensitiveTM SP method （n = 23）, and the patients＇ data of contrastographic picture （n = 23）, imaging characters of CT scan （n = 14）, and their relationship were studied. Results： Upper gastrointestinal barium images, CT imaging and gastrointestinal fiberscopy revealed Iobulated intraluminal filling defect 0.4 cm to 5.7 cm x 3.5 cmx 1.3 cm （mean = 3. 7 cm） in the mid （n = 14）, lower （n = 7） and upper （n = 2） intrathoracic esophagus. Among 23 cases of esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma, 19 patients were of mushroom type, 2 patients was of ulcer type, and 2 patients were of medulla type; 19 patients were pedunculated, and 4 patients were no pedunculated （2 patients was of ulcer type）. The tumor surface was relatively smooth and esophageal compliance was maintained. The pathological changes of esophagus such as lightly locked, rigid wall nomanifest partly, esophageal lumens expand partly, major filling sublobe defect could be shown through contrast medium. Normal esophagus was no unpack obviously over pathological changes. Enhanced computed tomography showed tumors in the intrathoracic esophagus and 8 lymph nodes metastases in 3 cases. Histologically, carcinomatous and sarcomatous components coexist. Microscopically, the tumor comprised poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and spindleshaped cells resembling leiomyosarcoma. Immu nohistochemically, spindleshaped sarcomatous cells displayed weekly positive reaction to cytokeratin AE1/AE3. Transitional zone was seen between sarcomatous and carcinomatous elements in 5 cases. The 17 lymph nodes metastases in 5 cases （53 lymph nodes） among 23 cases esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma （187 lymph nodes） were observed. Conclusion： The clinical and radiologic features of esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma overlap with those of other esophageal neoplasms. There are the radiologic imaging changes such as a large, intraluminal, polypoid mass, major filling sublobe defect and pedicle skin flap tumor in esophageal lumen, esophageal lumen extension partly, dissepiment rigidity wall no obviously, etc. Histologically, carcinomatous and sarcomatous components coexist and the biphasic pattern is the key diagnostic feature. However, esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma has a more favorable prognosis than other malignant esophageal neoplasms. Immunohistochemical staining seems necessary to distinguish these lesions from other esophageal neoplasms.展开更多
In this study, several vegetation indices were examined in order to determine the most sensitive vegetation index for monitoring southern Appalachian wetlands. Three levels of platforms (in situ, airborne, and satelli...In this study, several vegetation indices were examined in order to determine the most sensitive vegetation index for monitoring southern Appalachian wetlands. Three levels of platforms (in situ, airborne, and satellite) for sensors were also examined in conjunction with vegetation indices. Net primary production (NPP) data were gathered to use as a measure of wetland function. Along with the in situ radiometers, National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) data and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data were gathered in order to calculate vegetation indices at three platforms. At the in situ level, VARI700 was the most sensitive vegetation index in terms of NPP (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.65, p < 0.05). At the airborne level, the NDVI was the most sensitive vegetation index to NPP (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.35, p = 0.11). At the satellite level, the DVI appeared to have a positive relationship with NPP. For most indices there was a drop in the coefficient of determination with NPP when the platform altitude increased, with the exception of NDVI when increasing altitude from in situ to airborne. This study provides a novel methodology comparing reflectance and vegetation indices at three platform levels.展开更多
文摘Objective： The purpose of this study was to study the clinical, imaging characters and pathological characteristics of esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma. Methods： We reviewed 23 cases of esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma from Janu ary 2006 to December 2013 in four hospitals. The data of patients who were esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma operated were retrospectively analyzed. All cases had completed upper gastrointestinal barium images materials and 14 of these cases had completed CT images materials. Upper gastrointestinal barium images and CT imaging features include tumor location, size, shape, and strengthen, etc. The biological parameters of lesions including the express of cytokeratin AE1/AE3, 34E12,, Vimentin, desmin, Actin, S100 and Ki67 detected by immunhistochemical UltraSensitiveTM SP method （n = 23）, and the patients＇ data of contrastographic picture （n = 23）, imaging characters of CT scan （n = 14）, and their relationship were studied. Results： Upper gastrointestinal barium images, CT imaging and gastrointestinal fiberscopy revealed Iobulated intraluminal filling defect 0.4 cm to 5.7 cm x 3.5 cmx 1.3 cm （mean = 3. 7 cm） in the mid （n = 14）, lower （n = 7） and upper （n = 2） intrathoracic esophagus. Among 23 cases of esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma, 19 patients were of mushroom type, 2 patients was of ulcer type, and 2 patients were of medulla type; 19 patients were pedunculated, and 4 patients were no pedunculated （2 patients was of ulcer type）. The tumor surface was relatively smooth and esophageal compliance was maintained. The pathological changes of esophagus such as lightly locked, rigid wall nomanifest partly, esophageal lumens expand partly, major filling sublobe defect could be shown through contrast medium. Normal esophagus was no unpack obviously over pathological changes. Enhanced computed tomography showed tumors in the intrathoracic esophagus and 8 lymph nodes metastases in 3 cases. Histologically, carcinomatous and sarcomatous components coexist. Microscopically, the tumor comprised poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and spindleshaped cells resembling leiomyosarcoma. Immu nohistochemically, spindleshaped sarcomatous cells displayed weekly positive reaction to cytokeratin AE1/AE3. Transitional zone was seen between sarcomatous and carcinomatous elements in 5 cases. The 17 lymph nodes metastases in 5 cases （53 lymph nodes） among 23 cases esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma （187 lymph nodes） were observed. Conclusion： The clinical and radiologic features of esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma overlap with those of other esophageal neoplasms. There are the radiologic imaging changes such as a large, intraluminal, polypoid mass, major filling sublobe defect and pedicle skin flap tumor in esophageal lumen, esophageal lumen extension partly, dissepiment rigidity wall no obviously, etc. Histologically, carcinomatous and sarcomatous components coexist and the biphasic pattern is the key diagnostic feature. However, esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma has a more favorable prognosis than other malignant esophageal neoplasms. Immunohistochemical staining seems necessary to distinguish these lesions from other esophageal neoplasms.
文摘In this study, several vegetation indices were examined in order to determine the most sensitive vegetation index for monitoring southern Appalachian wetlands. Three levels of platforms (in situ, airborne, and satellite) for sensors were also examined in conjunction with vegetation indices. Net primary production (NPP) data were gathered to use as a measure of wetland function. Along with the in situ radiometers, National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) data and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data were gathered in order to calculate vegetation indices at three platforms. At the in situ level, VARI700 was the most sensitive vegetation index in terms of NPP (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.65, p < 0.05). At the airborne level, the NDVI was the most sensitive vegetation index to NPP (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.35, p = 0.11). At the satellite level, the DVI appeared to have a positive relationship with NPP. For most indices there was a drop in the coefficient of determination with NPP when the platform altitude increased, with the exception of NDVI when increasing altitude from in situ to airborne. This study provides a novel methodology comparing reflectance and vegetation indices at three platform levels.
