Personalized drugs,as well as disease-specific and condition-dependent drug release,have been highly desired in drug delivery systems for effective and safe therapies.Four-dimensional(4 D)printing,as a newly emerging ...Personalized drugs,as well as disease-specific and condition-dependent drug release,have been highly desired in drug delivery systems for effective and safe therapies.Four-dimensional(4 D)printing,as a newly emerging technique to develop drug capsules,displays unique advantages that can autonomously control drug release according to the actual physiological circumstances.Herein,core-shell structured hydrogel capsules were developed using a multimaterial extrusion-based 4 D printing method,which consists of a model drug as the core and UV cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM)hydrogel as the shell.Owing to the lower critical solution temperature(LCST)-induced shrinking/swelling properties,the prepared PNIPAM hydrogel capsules showed temperature-responsive drug release along with the topography changes in the cross-linked PNIPAM network.The in vitro drug release test confirmed that the PNIPAM hydrogel capsules can autonomously control their drug release behaviors according to changes in ambient temperature.Moreover,the increased shell thickness of these capsules causes an obvious reduction in drug release rate,distinctly indicating that the drug release behavior can be well adjusted by setting the shell thickness of the capsules.The proposed 4 D printing strategy pioneers the paradigm of smart drug release by showing great potential in the smart controlled release of drugs and macromolecular active agents.展开更多
Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum composites with ordered architectures of shear-induced aligned carbon fibers were fabricated by 3D printing.The microstructures of the printed and sintered samples and mechanical prope...Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum composites with ordered architectures of shear-induced aligned carbon fibers were fabricated by 3D printing.The microstructures of the printed and sintered samples and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.Carbon fibers and aluminum powder were bonded together with resin.The spatial arrangement of the carbon fibers was fixed in the aluminum matrix by shear-induced alignment in the3D printing process.As a result,the elongation of the composites with a parallel arrangement of aligned fibers and the impact toughness of the composites with an orthogonal arrangement were 0.82%and 0.41 J/cm^(2),respectively,about 0.4 and 0.8 times higher than that of the random arrangement.展开更多
As an environmental pollutant,ambient fine particulate matter (PM_(2.5)) was linked to cardiovascular diseases.The molecular mechanisms underlying PM_(2.5)-induced extrapulmonary disease has not been elucidated clearl...As an environmental pollutant,ambient fine particulate matter (PM_(2.5)) was linked to cardiovascular diseases.The molecular mechanisms underlying PM_(2.5)-induced extrapulmonary disease has not been elucidated clearly.In this study the ambient PM_(2.5)exposure mice model we established was to explore adverse effects of vessel and potential mechanisms.Long-term PM_(2.5)exposure caused reduced lung function and vascular stiffness in mice.And chronic PM_(2.5)induced migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in BEAS-2B cells.After PM_(2.5)treatment,the circRNAs and mRNAs levels of exosomes released by BEAS-2B cells were detected by competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) array,which contained 1664 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) and 308 differentially expressed m RNAs (DE-mRNAs).By bioinformatics analysis on host genes of DE-circRNAs,vascular diseases and some pathways related to vascular diseases including focal adhesion,tight junction and adherens junction were enriched.Then,ceRNA network was constructed,and DE-mRNAs in ceRNA network were conducted functional enrichment analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis,which indicated that hsa_circ_0012627,hsa_circ_0053261and hsa_circ_0052810 were related to vascular endothelial dysfunction.Furthermore,it was verified experimentally that Exo^(PM2.5)could induce endothelial dysfunction by increased endothelial permeability and decreased relaxation in vitro.In present study,we investigated in-depth knowledge into the molecule events related to PM_(2.5) toxicity and pathogenesis of vascular diseases.展开更多
The disparity between the postoperative outcomes of rhinoplasty and the expected results frequently necessitates secondary or multiple surgeries as a compensatory measure,greatly diminishing patient satisfaction.Howev...The disparity between the postoperative outcomes of rhinoplasty and the expected results frequently necessitates secondary or multiple surgeries as a compensatory measure,greatly diminishing patient satisfaction.However,there is renewed optimism for addressing these challenges through the innovative realm of Four-Dimensional(4D)printing.This groundbreaking technology enables three-dimensional objects with shape-memory properties to undergo predictable transformations under specific external stimuli.Consequently,implants crafted using 4D printing offer significant potential for dynamic adjustments.Inspired by worms in our research,we harnessed 4D printing to fabricate a Shape-Memory Polyurethane(SMPU)for use as a nasal augmentation prosthesis.The choice of SMPU was guided by its Glass Transition Temperature(Tg),which falls within the acceptable temperature range for the human body.This attribute allowed for temperature-responsive intraoperative self-deformation and postoperative remodeling.Our chosen animal model for experimentation was rabbits.Taking into account the anatomical structure of the rabbit nose,we designed and produced nasal augmentation prostheses with superior biocompatibility.These prostheses were then surgically implanted in a minimally invasive manner into the rabbit noses.Remarkably,they exhibited successful temperature-controlled in-surgery self-deformation according to the predetermined shape and non-invasive remodeling within a mere 9 days post-surgery.Subsequent histological evaluations confirmed the practical viability of these prostheses in a living organism.Our research findings posit that worm-inspired 4D-printed SMPU nasal prostheses hold significant promise for achieving dynamic aesthetic adjustments.展开更多
Morphing botanical tissues and animal muscles are all fiber-mediated composites, in which fibers play a passive and active role, respectively. Herein, inspired by the mechanism of fibers functioning in morphing botani...Morphing botanical tissues and animal muscles are all fiber-mediated composites, in which fibers play a passive and active role, respectively. Herein, inspired by the mechanism of fibers functioning in morphing botanical tissues and animal muscles, we propose two sorts of fiber-dominated composite actuators. First, inspired by the deformation of awned seeds in response to humidity change, we fabricate passive fiber-dominated actuators using non-active aligned carbon fibers via 4D printing method. The effects of process parameters, structural parameters, and fiber angles on the deformation of the printed actuators are examined. The experimental results show that the orientation degree is enhanced, resulting in a better swelling effect as the printing speed increases. Then, motivated by the actuation mechanism of skeletal muscle, we prepare active fiber-dominated actuators using active polyurethane fibers via 4D printing and pre-stretching method. The effect of fiber angle and loading on the actuation mode is experimentally analyzed. The experimental results show that the rotation angle of the actuator gradually decreases with the angle from 45° to 60°. When the fiber angle is 0° and 90°, the driver basically stops rotating while shrinking along the loading direction. Based on the above actuation mechanisms, identical contraction behaviors are realized both in passive and active fiber-dominated soft actuators. This work provides a validation method for biologically actuation mechanisms via 4D printing technique and smart materials and adds further insights to the design of bioinspired soft actuators.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Metabolic syndrome(MetS)is one of the most easily available health indicative markers for cardiovascular diseases,and it has become a major public health problem worldwid...Summary What is already known about this topic?Metabolic syndrome(MetS)is one of the most easily available health indicative markers for cardiovascular diseases,and it has become a major public health problem worldwide due to increasing urbanization and aging populations.The prevalence of MetS increased dramatically in China,however,there are no records of MetS defined by the 2017 Chinese Diabetes Society for Beijing by far.What is added by this report?In this study,the data of 24,412 participants aged 18–74 years from a large population-based study in Beijing was collected.The overall prevalence of MetS among Beijing residents was 24.5%.The prevalence was 35.2%in males and 15.4%in females.What are the implications for public health practice?Effective public health strategies should target males,people with older age,lower education,higher body mass index,smokers,those who drink alcohol,those who are unemployed or retired,and those who live in rural areas on MetS prevention and control.展开更多
Bioinspired Multi-Metal Structures(MMSs)combine distinct properties of multiple materials,benefiting from improved properties and providing superior designs.Additive Manufacturing(AM)exhibits enormous advantages in ap...Bioinspired Multi-Metal Structures(MMSs)combine distinct properties of multiple materials,benefiting from improved properties and providing superior designs.Additive Manufacturing(AM)exhibits enormous advantages in applying different materials and geometries according to the desired functions at specific locations of the structure,having great potential in fabricating multi-materials structures.However,current AM techniques have difficulty manufacturing 3D MMSs without material cross-contamination flexibly and reliably.This study demonstrates a reliable,fast,and flexible direct ink writing method to fabricate 3D MMSs.The in-situ material-switching system enables the deposition of multiple metallic materials across different layers and within the same layer.3D Fe-Cu MMSs with complex geometries and fine details are fabricated as proof of concept.The microstructures,chemical and phase compositions,and tensile fracture surfaces of the Fe-Cu interfaces indicate a well-bonded interface without cracks,delamination,or material cross-contamination.We envision this novel method making other metallic combinations and even metal-ceramic components.It paves the way for manufacturing 3D MMSs using AM and establishes the possibilities of numerous MMSs applications in engineering fields.展开更多
According to the analytically semantic linkage of“good-right-rights-justice”formed in the real conflicts among goods and especially among people,we should not confuse the global justice principle of“equal respect f...According to the analytically semantic linkage of“good-right-rights-justice”formed in the real conflicts among goods and especially among people,we should not confuse the global justice principle of“equal respect for everyone’s basic rights”with the global virtue principle of“equal satisfaction of everyone’s basic needs.”Correspondingly,while global virtues and the national interest may and can be reconciled with each other,global justice should not make compromises to the national interest precisely because of its ultimate priority.展开更多
Ancient Chinese philosophy has explored the relationship between the good and the right in a quite distinct way from modern Western philosophy.According to its insights rooted in real life,the fundamental function of ...Ancient Chinese philosophy has explored the relationship between the good and the right in a quite distinct way from modern Western philosophy.According to its insights rooted in real life,the fundamental function of the right is neither to have little to do with the good as deontology claims,nor merely to produce more good in quantitative terms as consequentialism claims,but is to ensure the primary good and prevent the primary evil,both of which are of top importance to human life first and foremost in qualitative terms.展开更多
Through a semantic analysis of such common words as ＂good,＂ ＂right,＂ and ＂rights,＂ this article tries to argue that ＂justice＂ as a value-term basically means ＂no unacceptable harm to the human＂ or ＂respecti...Through a semantic analysis of such common words as ＂good,＂ ＂right,＂ and ＂rights,＂ this article tries to argue that ＂justice＂ as a value-term basically means ＂no unacceptable harm to the human＂ or ＂respecting the deserved rights of the human＂ in the meta-ethical sense. In real life, then, the becoming of universal justice as an authentic moral virtue depends first and foremost upon the concrete and dynamic cultivation of such a universalistic ethical attitude： regarding neither merely oneself nor some persons specially related to oneself, but everyone as the ＂human,＂ and valuing all of them morally important and dignified so as not to do morally unacceptable harm to them, but to respect their deserved rights.展开更多
Viewed from the perspective of meta-ethics,there is some semantic equivalence between the good as desirability and the right as acceptability,so that we can claim that whatever is desirable for a person is also accept...Viewed from the perspective of meta-ethics,there is some semantic equivalence between the good as desirability and the right as acceptability,so that we can claim that whatever is desirable for a person is also acceptable to and thus right for her or him in terms of its very goodness.In the debate with deontology,then,this equivalence gives consequentialism an advantage,because it could prove that the good on its own is always right,and the evil on its own is always wrong.Meanwhile,it also puts consequentialism at a disadvantage,because consequentialism could hardly answer a tough question:why do we seriously need another criterion of right and wrong besides the one of good and evil in evaluation?展开更多
Through a case analysis of Christianity and Confucianism,this essay argues that if the world’s religions genuinely hope to establish a global ethic by jointly affirming some irrevocable and unconditional ethical dire...Through a case analysis of Christianity and Confucianism,this essay argues that if the world’s religions genuinely hope to establish a global ethic by jointly affirming some irrevocable and unconditional ethical directives,each on the basis of their own religious grounds,they should trust in their specific ultimate realities in a universalistic way instead of in a particularistic way;that is,they may not place these ultimate realities above the bottom-line moral principle“respecting everyone’s deserved rights”absolutely,but must assign a prior position to the latter and integrate it with their trust in their specific ultimate realities through a critical self-transformation.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Airflow obstruction is the hallmark of many chronic respiratory diseases and may indicate the potential for the development of other progressive diseases.There are currently no r...What is already known about this topic?Airflow obstruction is the hallmark of many chronic respiratory diseases and may indicate the potential for the development of other progressive diseases.There are currently no representative studies of lung function in Beijing.An up-to-date estimation of the characteristics of lung function and airflow obstruction is thus needed.What is added by this report?The estimated prevalence of airflow obstruction was 14.68%in Beijing,2017–2018.The values of vital capacity,forced vital capacity,and forced expiratory volume in the first second were 3.09 L,2.66 L,2.22 L,respectively.What are the implications for public health practice?Effective public health strategy for lung in Beijing should target older people,current or former smokers,and individuals who live in urban environments,have a low education level,exhibit a high smoking index,and/or have an abnormal body mass index.展开更多
The unique properties of bulk metallic glass(BMG)render it an excellent material for bone-implant applications.BMG samples are difficult to produce directly because of the critical cooling rate of molding.Advancements...The unique properties of bulk metallic glass(BMG)render it an excellent material for bone-implant applications.BMG samples are difficult to produce directly because of the critical cooling rate of molding.Advancements in additive manufacturing technologies,such as selective laser melting(SLM),have enabled the development of BMG.The successful production of materials via SLM relies significantly on the processing parameters;meanwhile,the overall energy density affects the crystallization and,thus,the final properties.Therefore,to further determine the effects of the processing parameters,SLM is performed in this study to print Fe-based BMG with different properties three dimensionally using selected processing parameters but a constant energy density.The printed amorphous Fe-based BMG outperforms the typical 316 L stainless steel(316 L SS)in terms of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.Moreover,observations from nanoindentation tests indicate that the hardness and elastic modulus of the Fe-based BMG can be customized explicitly by adjusting the SLM processing parameters.Indirect cytotoxicity results show that the Fe-based BMG can enhance the viability of SAOS2 cells,as compared with 316 L SS.These intriguing results show that Fe-based BMG should be investigated further for orthopedic implant applications.展开更多
The paper focuses on the conceptualization and measurement of global justice and discusses theories,concepts,evaluative principles,and methodologies related to the study of global justice.In this paper,we seek to clar...The paper focuses on the conceptualization and measurement of global justice and discusses theories,concepts,evaluative principles,and methodologies related to the study of global justice.In this paper,we seek to clarify how to conceptualize global justice,how conceptual indicators can be selected and justified by theories,and how those indicators can be conceptually consistent with the concept of global justice.Global justice is a broad concept that is composed of multi-level and multidimensional aspects belonging to both normative and empirical realities.A coherent and integrated theoretical framework that covers the normative basis and various empirical dimensions is therefore much needed in order to address some of the basic and important questions under study.The paper seeks to synthesize the multiple theories and conceptions of global justice that exist in the academic discourse and literature into three main theoretical approaches to global justice-rights based,good based,and virtue based.These three approaches are a good sample of and reflect well the strengths of the different theoretical,intellectual and cultural traditions at play in the study of global justice.From this perspective,the synthesis of the three approaches is meant to provide us with a coherent theoretical framework that serves as the normative basis and justifies the selection of indicators for measurement.展开更多
Difference equations or discrete systems are mathematical models of various fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, and economics and have been subjects of extensive study of both pure mathematicians and applied m...Difference equations or discrete systems are mathematical models of various fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, and economics and have been subjects of extensive study of both pure mathematicians and applied mathematicians. Through its interaction with modern integrable systems, the theory of difference equations is enriched greatly and has been undergoing a rapid development. SIDE-10, the tenth of a series of biennial conferences devoted to Symmetries and Integrability of Difference Equations and related topics, was held during 10-16 June, 2012 at Ningbo, China. It was sponsored and supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ningbo Association of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China University of Mining and Technology （Beijing）, Tsinghua University, and Shanghai University. The conference attracted over 100 participants from more than a dozen of countries. During the conference, 44 contributed talks were arranged and the topics covered by the meeting include展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1105100)。
文摘Personalized drugs,as well as disease-specific and condition-dependent drug release,have been highly desired in drug delivery systems for effective and safe therapies.Four-dimensional(4 D)printing,as a newly emerging technique to develop drug capsules,displays unique advantages that can autonomously control drug release according to the actual physiological circumstances.Herein,core-shell structured hydrogel capsules were developed using a multimaterial extrusion-based 4 D printing method,which consists of a model drug as the core and UV cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM)hydrogel as the shell.Owing to the lower critical solution temperature(LCST)-induced shrinking/swelling properties,the prepared PNIPAM hydrogel capsules showed temperature-responsive drug release along with the topography changes in the cross-linked PNIPAM network.The in vitro drug release test confirmed that the PNIPAM hydrogel capsules can autonomously control their drug release behaviors according to changes in ambient temperature.Moreover,the increased shell thickness of these capsules causes an obvious reduction in drug release rate,distinctly indicating that the drug release behavior can be well adjusted by setting the shell thickness of the capsules.The proposed 4 D printing strategy pioneers the paradigm of smart drug release by showing great potential in the smart controlled release of drugs and macromolecular active agents.
基金supported by the Projects of National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0703300,2018YFB1105100,2018YFC2001300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(5167050531,51822504,91848204)+1 种基金Key Scientific and Technological Project of Jilin Province(20180201051GX)Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(2017TD-04)。
文摘Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum composites with ordered architectures of shear-induced aligned carbon fibers were fabricated by 3D printing.The microstructures of the printed and sintered samples and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.Carbon fibers and aluminum powder were bonded together with resin.The spatial arrangement of the carbon fibers was fixed in the aluminum matrix by shear-induced alignment in the3D printing process.As a result,the elongation of the composites with a parallel arrangement of aligned fibers and the impact toughness of the composites with an orthogonal arrangement were 0.82%and 0.41 J/cm^(2),respectively,about 0.4 and 0.8 times higher than that of the random arrangement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 92043202, 91643108, and 81973074)Foundation by Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (No. QN2020175)。
文摘As an environmental pollutant,ambient fine particulate matter (PM_(2.5)) was linked to cardiovascular diseases.The molecular mechanisms underlying PM_(2.5)-induced extrapulmonary disease has not been elucidated clearly.In this study the ambient PM_(2.5)exposure mice model we established was to explore adverse effects of vessel and potential mechanisms.Long-term PM_(2.5)exposure caused reduced lung function and vascular stiffness in mice.And chronic PM_(2.5)induced migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in BEAS-2B cells.After PM_(2.5)treatment,the circRNAs and mRNAs levels of exosomes released by BEAS-2B cells were detected by competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) array,which contained 1664 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) and 308 differentially expressed m RNAs (DE-mRNAs).By bioinformatics analysis on host genes of DE-circRNAs,vascular diseases and some pathways related to vascular diseases including focal adhesion,tight junction and adherens junction were enriched.Then,ceRNA network was constructed,and DE-mRNAs in ceRNA network were conducted functional enrichment analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis,which indicated that hsa_circ_0012627,hsa_circ_0053261and hsa_circ_0052810 were related to vascular endothelial dysfunction.Furthermore,it was verified experimentally that Exo^(PM2.5)could induce endothelial dysfunction by increased endothelial permeability and decreased relaxation in vitro.In present study,we investigated in-depth knowledge into the molecule events related to PM_(2.5) toxicity and pathogenesis of vascular diseases.
基金financially supported by the talent reserve program of the first hospital of Jilin University(Grant Nos.JDYY-TRP-2024002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82372391,82001971,82102358 and 82202698)+4 种基金Scientific Development Program of Jilin Province(Grant Nos.20200403088SF,20220204117YY,YDZJ202201ZYTS086,20200404202YY and 20200802008GH)Program of Jilin Provincial Health Department(Grant No.2020SC2T064 and 2020SC2T065)Project of"Medical+X"Interdisciplinary Innovation Team of Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University(Grant No.2022JBGS06)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M701384)Bethune Plan of Jilin University(Grant No.2022B27,2022B03).
文摘The disparity between the postoperative outcomes of rhinoplasty and the expected results frequently necessitates secondary or multiple surgeries as a compensatory measure,greatly diminishing patient satisfaction.However,there is renewed optimism for addressing these challenges through the innovative realm of Four-Dimensional(4D)printing.This groundbreaking technology enables three-dimensional objects with shape-memory properties to undergo predictable transformations under specific external stimuli.Consequently,implants crafted using 4D printing offer significant potential for dynamic adjustments.Inspired by worms in our research,we harnessed 4D printing to fabricate a Shape-Memory Polyurethane(SMPU)for use as a nasal augmentation prosthesis.The choice of SMPU was guided by its Glass Transition Temperature(Tg),which falls within the acceptable temperature range for the human body.This attribute allowed for temperature-responsive intraoperative self-deformation and postoperative remodeling.Our chosen animal model for experimentation was rabbits.Taking into account the anatomical structure of the rabbit nose,we designed and produced nasal augmentation prostheses with superior biocompatibility.These prostheses were then surgically implanted in a minimally invasive manner into the rabbit noses.Remarkably,they exhibited successful temperature-controlled in-surgery self-deformation according to the predetermined shape and non-invasive remodeling within a mere 9 days post-surgery.Subsequent histological evaluations confirmed the practical viability of these prostheses in a living organism.Our research findings posit that worm-inspired 4D-printed SMPU nasal prostheses hold significant promise for achieving dynamic aesthetic adjustments.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52005209,Grant 91948302,Grant 52021003,Grant No 52105295in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province under Grant 20210101053JCThis work also supported in part by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52021003).
文摘Morphing botanical tissues and animal muscles are all fiber-mediated composites, in which fibers play a passive and active role, respectively. Herein, inspired by the mechanism of fibers functioning in morphing botanical tissues and animal muscles, we propose two sorts of fiber-dominated composite actuators. First, inspired by the deformation of awned seeds in response to humidity change, we fabricate passive fiber-dominated actuators using non-active aligned carbon fibers via 4D printing method. The effects of process parameters, structural parameters, and fiber angles on the deformation of the printed actuators are examined. The experimental results show that the orientation degree is enhanced, resulting in a better swelling effect as the printing speed increases. Then, motivated by the actuation mechanism of skeletal muscle, we prepare active fiber-dominated actuators using active polyurethane fibers via 4D printing and pre-stretching method. The effect of fiber angle and loading on the actuation mode is experimentally analyzed. The experimental results show that the rotation angle of the actuator gradually decreases with the angle from 45° to 60°. When the fiber angle is 0° and 90°, the driver basically stops rotating while shrinking along the loading direction. Based on the above actuation mechanisms, identical contraction behaviors are realized both in passive and active fiber-dominated soft actuators. This work provides a validation method for biologically actuation mechanisms via 4D printing technique and smart materials and adds further insights to the design of bioinspired soft actuators.
基金Research Special Fund for Municipal Medical Public Welfare Institute(2017-BJYJ-15)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81373014)CNS-ZD Tizhi and Health Fund(CNSZD2020-115).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Metabolic syndrome(MetS)is one of the most easily available health indicative markers for cardiovascular diseases,and it has become a major public health problem worldwide due to increasing urbanization and aging populations.The prevalence of MetS increased dramatically in China,however,there are no records of MetS defined by the 2017 Chinese Diabetes Society for Beijing by far.What is added by this report?In this study,the data of 24,412 participants aged 18–74 years from a large population-based study in Beijing was collected.The overall prevalence of MetS among Beijing residents was 24.5%.The prevalence was 35.2%in males and 15.4%in females.What are the implications for public health practice?Effective public health strategies should target males,people with older age,lower education,higher body mass index,smokers,those who drink alcohol,those who are unemployed or retired,and those who live in rural areas on MetS prevention and control.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant ID:52105343 and 52021003)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,China(Grant ID:2021M701387 and 2022T150259)Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province,China(Grant ID:2020122214JC).
文摘Bioinspired Multi-Metal Structures(MMSs)combine distinct properties of multiple materials,benefiting from improved properties and providing superior designs.Additive Manufacturing(AM)exhibits enormous advantages in applying different materials and geometries according to the desired functions at specific locations of the structure,having great potential in fabricating multi-materials structures.However,current AM techniques have difficulty manufacturing 3D MMSs without material cross-contamination flexibly and reliably.This study demonstrates a reliable,fast,and flexible direct ink writing method to fabricate 3D MMSs.The in-situ material-switching system enables the deposition of multiple metallic materials across different layers and within the same layer.3D Fe-Cu MMSs with complex geometries and fine details are fabricated as proof of concept.The microstructures,chemical and phase compositions,and tensile fracture surfaces of the Fe-Cu interfaces indicate a well-bonded interface without cracks,delamination,or material cross-contamination.We envision this novel method making other metallic combinations and even metal-ceramic components.It paves the way for manufacturing 3D MMSs using AM and establishes the possibilities of numerous MMSs applications in engineering fields.
文摘According to the analytically semantic linkage of“good-right-rights-justice”formed in the real conflicts among goods and especially among people,we should not confuse the global justice principle of“equal respect for everyone’s basic rights”with the global virtue principle of“equal satisfaction of everyone’s basic needs.”Correspondingly,while global virtues and the national interest may and can be reconciled with each other,global justice should not make compromises to the national interest precisely because of its ultimate priority.
文摘Ancient Chinese philosophy has explored the relationship between the good and the right in a quite distinct way from modern Western philosophy.According to its insights rooted in real life,the fundamental function of the right is neither to have little to do with the good as deontology claims,nor merely to produce more good in quantitative terms as consequentialism claims,but is to ensure the primary good and prevent the primary evil,both of which are of top importance to human life first and foremost in qualitative terms.
文摘Through a semantic analysis of such common words as ＂good,＂ ＂right,＂ and ＂rights,＂ this article tries to argue that ＂justice＂ as a value-term basically means ＂no unacceptable harm to the human＂ or ＂respecting the deserved rights of the human＂ in the meta-ethical sense. In real life, then, the becoming of universal justice as an authentic moral virtue depends first and foremost upon the concrete and dynamic cultivation of such a universalistic ethical attitude： regarding neither merely oneself nor some persons specially related to oneself, but everyone as the ＂human,＂ and valuing all of them morally important and dignified so as not to do morally unacceptable harm to them, but to respect their deserved rights.
文摘Viewed from the perspective of meta-ethics,there is some semantic equivalence between the good as desirability and the right as acceptability,so that we can claim that whatever is desirable for a person is also acceptable to and thus right for her or him in terms of its very goodness.In the debate with deontology,then,this equivalence gives consequentialism an advantage,because it could prove that the good on its own is always right,and the evil on its own is always wrong.Meanwhile,it also puts consequentialism at a disadvantage,because consequentialism could hardly answer a tough question:why do we seriously need another criterion of right and wrong besides the one of good and evil in evaluation?
文摘Through a case analysis of Christianity and Confucianism,this essay argues that if the world’s religions genuinely hope to establish a global ethic by jointly affirming some irrevocable and unconditional ethical directives,each on the basis of their own religious grounds,they should trust in their specific ultimate realities in a universalistic way instead of in a particularistic way;that is,they may not place these ultimate realities above the bottom-line moral principle“respecting everyone’s deserved rights”absolutely,but must assign a prior position to the latter and integrate it with their trust in their specific ultimate realities through a critical self-transformation.
基金Supported by the Research Special Fund for Municipal Medical Public Welfare Institute(2017-BJYJ-15).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Airflow obstruction is the hallmark of many chronic respiratory diseases and may indicate the potential for the development of other progressive diseases.There are currently no representative studies of lung function in Beijing.An up-to-date estimation of the characteristics of lung function and airflow obstruction is thus needed.What is added by this report?The estimated prevalence of airflow obstruction was 14.68%in Beijing,2017–2018.The values of vital capacity,forced vital capacity,and forced expiratory volume in the first second were 3.09 L,2.66 L,2.22 L,respectively.What are the implications for public health practice?Effective public health strategy for lung in Beijing should target older people,current or former smokers,and individuals who live in urban environments,have a low education level,exhibit a high smoking index,and/or have an abnormal body mass index.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51875379,52105342)China Scholarship Council via a research collaboration with National University of Singapore Additive Manufacturing Centre.
文摘The unique properties of bulk metallic glass(BMG)render it an excellent material for bone-implant applications.BMG samples are difficult to produce directly because of the critical cooling rate of molding.Advancements in additive manufacturing technologies,such as selective laser melting(SLM),have enabled the development of BMG.The successful production of materials via SLM relies significantly on the processing parameters;meanwhile,the overall energy density affects the crystallization and,thus,the final properties.Therefore,to further determine the effects of the processing parameters,SLM is performed in this study to print Fe-based BMG with different properties three dimensionally using selected processing parameters but a constant energy density.The printed amorphous Fe-based BMG outperforms the typical 316 L stainless steel(316 L SS)in terms of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.Moreover,observations from nanoindentation tests indicate that the hardness and elastic modulus of the Fe-based BMG can be customized explicitly by adjusting the SLM processing parameters.Indirect cytotoxicity results show that the Fe-based BMG can enhance the viability of SAOS2 cells,as compared with 316 L SS.These intriguing results show that Fe-based BMG should be investigated further for orthopedic implant applications.
文摘The paper focuses on the conceptualization and measurement of global justice and discusses theories,concepts,evaluative principles,and methodologies related to the study of global justice.In this paper,we seek to clarify how to conceptualize global justice,how conceptual indicators can be selected and justified by theories,and how those indicators can be conceptually consistent with the concept of global justice.Global justice is a broad concept that is composed of multi-level and multidimensional aspects belonging to both normative and empirical realities.A coherent and integrated theoretical framework that covers the normative basis and various empirical dimensions is therefore much needed in order to address some of the basic and important questions under study.The paper seeks to synthesize the multiple theories and conceptions of global justice that exist in the academic discourse and literature into three main theoretical approaches to global justice-rights based,good based,and virtue based.These three approaches are a good sample of and reflect well the strengths of the different theoretical,intellectual and cultural traditions at play in the study of global justice.From this perspective,the synthesis of the three approaches is meant to provide us with a coherent theoretical framework that serves as the normative basis and justifies the selection of indicators for measurement.
文摘Difference equations or discrete systems are mathematical models of various fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, and economics and have been subjects of extensive study of both pure mathematicians and applied mathematicians. Through its interaction with modern integrable systems, the theory of difference equations is enriched greatly and has been undergoing a rapid development. SIDE-10, the tenth of a series of biennial conferences devoted to Symmetries and Integrability of Difference Equations and related topics, was held during 10-16 June, 2012 at Ningbo, China. It was sponsored and supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ningbo Association of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China University of Mining and Technology （Beijing）, Tsinghua University, and Shanghai University. The conference attracted over 100 participants from more than a dozen of countries. During the conference, 44 contributed talks were arranged and the topics covered by the meeting include
