Objective: This study is designed to observe the chronic toxicity after the administration of mulberry sea-buckthorn beverage concentrate for 3 months on rats and to predict the possible adverse effect and the potenti...Objective: This study is designed to observe the chronic toxicity after the administration of mulberry sea-buckthorn beverage concentrate for 3 months on rats and to predict the possible adverse effect and the potential toxicity target organs. Method: The rats (SPF level) were randomly divided into high-dose (20 mL/kg BW), middle-dose (10 mL/kg BW), low-dose (5 mL/kg BW) groups and negative control group (20 mL/kg BW of purified water) with 30 rats in each group. Each group was orally given mulberry sea-buckthorn beverage concentrate for 3 months and recovered by stop feeding samples for 2 weeks for a recovery observation. The rats’ general condition, the organ coefficient, the indexes of hematology and blood biochemistry and the histological changes of the main organs were determined. Result: The appearance and behavior of activity in rats showed no anomalies in all these groups and all the rats put on weight during this period. Comparing to the negative control group, no obvious differences were observed in the weekly weight and organ coefficient of each dose group. After 3 months of administration, HGB in both mulberry sea-buckthorn beverage concentrate low-dose group and high-dose group were increased. No significant differences were observed in the indexes of hematology after 2 weeks of recovery. CREA in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose groups were significantly increased after 3 months of administration and it remained in the high level in middle-dose and high-dose group even after 2 weeks of recovery. No drug-related lesions were observed in the histological changes of major organs. Conclusion: The results show that long term use of mulberry concentrated sea-buckthorn beverage can lead to increased CREA, which suggested kidney toxicity. Although no obvious pathological change was found in kidney, we should pay attention to chronic kidney damage in the further research.展开更多
This paper addresses the challenge of reconstructing randomly distributed second-phase particlestrengthened microstructure of AA7075-O aluminum sheet material for computational analysis.The particle characteristics in...This paper addresses the challenge of reconstructing randomly distributed second-phase particlestrengthened microstructure of AA7075-O aluminum sheet material for computational analysis.The particle characteristics in 3D space were obtained from focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM)and SEM-based Electron Backscatter Diffraction/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry(EBSD/EDS)techniques.A theoretical framework for analysis of elastic-plastic deformation of such3D microstructures is developed.Slip-induced shear band formation,void initiation,growth and linkage at large plastic strains during uniaxial tensile loading were investigated based on reconstructed 3D representative volume element(RVE)models with real-distribution of particles and the results compared with experimental observations.In-situ SEM interrupted tension tests along transverse direction(TD)and rolling direction(RD),employing microscopic-digital image correlation(μ-DIC)technique,were carried out to investigate slip bands,micro-voids formation and obtain microstructural strain maps.The resulting local strain maps were analyzed in relation to the experimentally observed plastic flow localization,failure modes and local stress maps from simulations of RVE models.The influences of particle size,shape,orientation,volume fraction as well as matrix-particle interface properties on local plastic deformation,global stress-strain/strain-hardening curves and interfacial failure mechanisms were studied based on 3D RVE models.When possible,the model results were compared with in-situ tensile test data.In general,good agreement was observed,indicating that the real 3D microstructure-based RVE models can accurately predict the plastic deformation and interfacial failure evolution in AA7075-O aluminum sheet.展开更多
文摘Objective: This study is designed to observe the chronic toxicity after the administration of mulberry sea-buckthorn beverage concentrate for 3 months on rats and to predict the possible adverse effect and the potential toxicity target organs. Method: The rats (SPF level) were randomly divided into high-dose (20 mL/kg BW), middle-dose (10 mL/kg BW), low-dose (5 mL/kg BW) groups and negative control group (20 mL/kg BW of purified water) with 30 rats in each group. Each group was orally given mulberry sea-buckthorn beverage concentrate for 3 months and recovered by stop feeding samples for 2 weeks for a recovery observation. The rats’ general condition, the organ coefficient, the indexes of hematology and blood biochemistry and the histological changes of the main organs were determined. Result: The appearance and behavior of activity in rats showed no anomalies in all these groups and all the rats put on weight during this period. Comparing to the negative control group, no obvious differences were observed in the weekly weight and organ coefficient of each dose group. After 3 months of administration, HGB in both mulberry sea-buckthorn beverage concentrate low-dose group and high-dose group were increased. No significant differences were observed in the indexes of hematology after 2 weeks of recovery. CREA in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose groups were significantly increased after 3 months of administration and it remained in the high level in middle-dose and high-dose group even after 2 weeks of recovery. No drug-related lesions were observed in the histological changes of major organs. Conclusion: The results show that long term use of mulberry concentrated sea-buckthorn beverage can lead to increased CREA, which suggested kidney toxicity. Although no obvious pathological change was found in kidney, we should pay attention to chronic kidney damage in the further research.
基金The authors axe grateful for the financial support of this work from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Project Nos. 11532010 and 11602176） and the Hong Kong Research Grants Council （GRF Project No. 16214215）.
基金the financial and technical support of Novelis Global Research and Technology Center of Novelis Inc.,in Kennesaw,GA,USAfunding from National Science and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada under its Collaborative Research and Development(CRD)program。
文摘This paper addresses the challenge of reconstructing randomly distributed second-phase particlestrengthened microstructure of AA7075-O aluminum sheet material for computational analysis.The particle characteristics in 3D space were obtained from focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM)and SEM-based Electron Backscatter Diffraction/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry(EBSD/EDS)techniques.A theoretical framework for analysis of elastic-plastic deformation of such3D microstructures is developed.Slip-induced shear band formation,void initiation,growth and linkage at large plastic strains during uniaxial tensile loading were investigated based on reconstructed 3D representative volume element(RVE)models with real-distribution of particles and the results compared with experimental observations.In-situ SEM interrupted tension tests along transverse direction(TD)and rolling direction(RD),employing microscopic-digital image correlation(μ-DIC)technique,were carried out to investigate slip bands,micro-voids formation and obtain microstructural strain maps.The resulting local strain maps were analyzed in relation to the experimentally observed plastic flow localization,failure modes and local stress maps from simulations of RVE models.The influences of particle size,shape,orientation,volume fraction as well as matrix-particle interface properties on local plastic deformation,global stress-strain/strain-hardening curves and interfacial failure mechanisms were studied based on 3D RVE models.When possible,the model results were compared with in-situ tensile test data.In general,good agreement was observed,indicating that the real 3D microstructure-based RVE models can accurately predict the plastic deformation and interfacial failure evolution in AA7075-O aluminum sheet.
