Adverse variations of abiotic environmental cues that deviate from an optimal range impose stresses to plants.Abiotic stresses severely impede plant physiology and development.Consequently,such stresses dramatically r...Adverse variations of abiotic environmental cues that deviate from an optimal range impose stresses to plants.Abiotic stresses severely impede plant physiology and development.Consequently,such stresses dramatically reduce crop yield and negatively impact on ecosystem stability and composition.Physical components of abiotic stresses can be,for example,suboptimal temperature and osmotic perturbations,while representative chemical facets of abiotic stresses can be toxic ions or suboptimal nutrient availability.The sheer complexity of abiotic stresses causes a multitude of diverse components and mechanisms for their sensing and signal transduction.Ca^(2+),as a versatile second messenger,plays multifaceted roles in almost all abiotic stress responses in that,for a certain abiotic stress,Ca^(2+)is not only reciprocally connected with its perception,but also multifunctionally ensures subsequent signal transduction.Here,we will focus on salt/osmotic stress and responses to altered nutrient availability as model cases to detail novel insights into the identity of components that link stress perception to Ca^(2+)signal formation as well as on new insights into mechanisms of Ca^(2+)signal implementation.Finally,we will deduce emerging conceptual consequences of these novel insights and outline arising avenues of future research on the role of Ca^(2+)signaling in abiotic stress responses in plants.展开更多
Efficient synthetic routs for the direct and rapid construction of[5-6-6]ABC tricyclic systems of daphmanidin A-type and calyciphylline A-type alkaloids have been successfully developed.For the daphmanidin A-type,the ...Efficient synthetic routs for the direct and rapid construction of[5-6-6]ABC tricyclic systems of daphmanidin A-type and calyciphylline A-type alkaloids have been successfully developed.For the daphmanidin A-type,the synthesis of[5-6-6]tricyclic framework utilize a HCl-mediated intramolecular Aldol reaction to construct the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane core and a thermal condensation to afford the ABC ring system.In addition,for the calyciphylline A-type,an improved synthesis of ABC[5-6-6]tricyclic system was developed,featuring an introduction of methyl ester group at C2 before the Pd-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative alkylation to construct the desired bowl-shape tricyclic core with stereochemical control.展开更多
基金support through grants provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG391703796,264387517,410758888,and INST211/853-1 FUGG)by the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program,King Saud University,Saudi Arabia。
文摘Adverse variations of abiotic environmental cues that deviate from an optimal range impose stresses to plants.Abiotic stresses severely impede plant physiology and development.Consequently,such stresses dramatically reduce crop yield and negatively impact on ecosystem stability and composition.Physical components of abiotic stresses can be,for example,suboptimal temperature and osmotic perturbations,while representative chemical facets of abiotic stresses can be toxic ions or suboptimal nutrient availability.The sheer complexity of abiotic stresses causes a multitude of diverse components and mechanisms for their sensing and signal transduction.Ca^(2+),as a versatile second messenger,plays multifaceted roles in almost all abiotic stress responses in that,for a certain abiotic stress,Ca^(2+)is not only reciprocally connected with its perception,but also multifunctionally ensures subsequent signal transduction.Here,we will focus on salt/osmotic stress and responses to altered nutrient availability as model cases to detail novel insights into the identity of components that link stress perception to Ca^(2+)signal formation as well as on new insights into mechanisms of Ca^(2+)signal implementation.Finally,we will deduce emerging conceptual consequences of these novel insights and outline arising avenues of future research on the role of Ca^(2+)signaling in abiotic stress responses in plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21502011)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Chongqing Science&Technology Commission Project(No.cstc2016jcyjA0168)。
文摘Efficient synthetic routs for the direct and rapid construction of[5-6-6]ABC tricyclic systems of daphmanidin A-type and calyciphylline A-type alkaloids have been successfully developed.For the daphmanidin A-type,the synthesis of[5-6-6]tricyclic framework utilize a HCl-mediated intramolecular Aldol reaction to construct the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane core and a thermal condensation to afford the ABC ring system.In addition,for the calyciphylline A-type,an improved synthesis of ABC[5-6-6]tricyclic system was developed,featuring an introduction of methyl ester group at C2 before the Pd-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative alkylation to construct the desired bowl-shape tricyclic core with stereochemical control.
