Heavy ion irradiation effects on charge trapping memory(CTM)capacitors with TiN/Al_(2)O_(3)/HfO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)/HfO_(2)/SiO_(2)/p-Si structure have been investigated.The ion-induced interface charges and oxide trap ch...Heavy ion irradiation effects on charge trapping memory(CTM)capacitors with TiN/Al_(2)O_(3)/HfO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)/HfO_(2)/SiO_(2)/p-Si structure have been investigated.The ion-induced interface charges and oxide trap charges were calculated and analyzed by capacitance-voltage(C-V)characteristics.The C-V curves shift towards the negative direction after swift heavy ion irradiation,due to the net positive charges accumulating in the trapping layer.The memory window decreases with the increase of ion fluence at high voltage,which results from heavy ion-induced structural damage in the blocking layer.The mechanism of heavy ion irradiation effects on CTM capacitors is discussed in detail with energy band diagrams.The results may help to better understand the physical mechanism of heavy ion-induced degradation of CTM capacitors.展开更多
Nowadays,Web browsers have become an important carrier of 3D model visualization because of their convenience and portability.During the process of large-scale 3D model visualization based on Web scenes with the probl...Nowadays,Web browsers have become an important carrier of 3D model visualization because of their convenience and portability.During the process of large-scale 3D model visualization based on Web scenes with the problems of slow rendering speed and low FPS(Frames Per Second),occlusion culling,as an important method for rendering optimization,can remove most of the occluded objects and improve rendering efficiency.The traditional occlusion culling algorithm(TOCA)is calculated by traversing all objects in the scene,which involves a large amount of repeated calculation and time consumption.To advance the rendering process and enhance rendering efficiency,this paper proposes an occlusion culling with three different optimization methods based on the WebGPU Computing Pipeline.Firstly,for the problem of large amounts of repeated calculation processes in TOCA,these units are moved from the CPU to the GPU for parallel computing,thereby accelerating the calculation of the Potential Visible Sets(PVS);Then,for the huge overhead of creating pipeline caused by too many 3D models in a certain scene,the Breaking Occlusion Culling Algorithm(BOCA)is introduced,which removes some nodes according to building a Hierarchical Bounding Volume(BVH)scene tree to reduce the overhead of creating pipelines;After that,the structure of the scene tree is transmitted to the GPU in the order of depth-first traversal and finally,the PVS is obtained by parallel computing.In the experiments,3D geological models with five different scales from 1:5,000 to 1:500,000 are used for testing.The results show that the proposed methods can reduce the time overhead of repeated calculation caused by the computing pipeline creation and scene tree recursive traversal in the occlusion culling algorithm effectively,with 97%rendering efficiency improvement compared with BOCA,thereby accelerating the rendering process on Web browsers.展开更多
Toll-like receptors(TLRs)play pivotal roles in inflammation and provide important links between the immune and skeletal systems.Although the activation of TLRs may affect osteoclast differentiation and bone metabolism...Toll-like receptors(TLRs)play pivotal roles in inflammation and provide important links between the immune and skeletal systems.Although the activation of TLRs may affect osteoclast differentiation and bone metabolism,whether and how TLRs are required for normal bone remodeling remains to be fully explored.In the current study,we show for the first time that TLR9^(-/-)mice exhibit a low bone mass and low-grade systemic chronic inflammation,which is characterized by the expansion of CD4^(+)T cells and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines,including TNFα,RANKL,and IL1β.The increased levels of these cytokines significantly promote osteoclastogenesis and induce bone loss.Importantly,TLR9 deletion alters the gut microbiota,and this dysbiosis is the basis of the systemic inflammation and bone loss observed in TLR9^(-/-)mice.Furthermore,through single-cell RNA sequencing,we identified myeloid-biased hematopoiesis in the bone marrow of TLR9^(-/-)mice and determined that the increase in myelopoiesis,likely caused by the adaptation of hematopoietic stem cells to systemic inflammation,also contributes to inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis and subsequent bone loss in TLR9^(-/-)mice.Thus,our study provides novel evidence that TLR9 signaling connects the gut microbiota,immune system,and bone and is critical in maintaining the homeostasis of inflammation,hematopoiesis,and bone metabolism under normal conditions.展开更多
Ionic liquid (IL), [BMIM]Cl-water was applied in cellulose pretreatment process and the pretreated cellulose was used in subsequent polyethylene glycol liquefaction process as a new application method. Cellulose recov...Ionic liquid (IL), [BMIM]Cl-water was applied in cellulose pretreatment process and the pretreated cellulose was used in subsequent polyethylene glycol liquefaction process as a new application method. Cellulose recovery rate and molecular weight value of pretreated cellulose were investigated to understand the influence of IL-water mixtures by adding the different amount of catalysis on cellulose crystalline structure. Gel permeation chromatograph, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and thermo gravimetric/differential thermal analysis were used to clarify the changes of pretreated cellulose. The results showed that the pretreated cellulose was improved in crystalline structure, molecular weight distribution and thermal stability. The liquefied residues from untreated cellulose and pretreated cellulose were considered as a significant index to determine the effect of IL-water mixture on cellulose. It suggested that the lower molecular weight of cellulose was obtained, the crystalline structure was disrupted and less order was formed. The liquefied residues result suggested that the lower residues at the latter stages of the reaction from the pretreated cellulose were observed.展开更多
Lead(Pb)-free Tin(Sn)-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been favored by the community due to their low toxicity,preferable bandgaps,and great potential to achieve high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs).Interfac...Lead(Pb)-free Tin(Sn)-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been favored by the community due to their low toxicity,preferable bandgaps,and great potential to achieve high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs).Interfaces engineering plays important roles in developing highly efficient Sn-based PSCs via passivation of trap defects,alignment of energy levels,and incorporation of low-dimensional Sn-based perovskites.In this review,we summarize the development of Pb-free Sn-based perovskites and their applications in devices,especially the strategies of improving the interfaces.We also provide perspectives for future research.Our aim is to help the development of new and advanced approaches to achieving high-performance environment-friendly Pb-free Sn-based PSCs.展开更多
The ionic liquid (IL)-water mixture pretreated bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) samples were applied in the research of thermal decomposition. [BMIM]Cl (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)- water and [BMIM]BF4 (1-Butyl...The ionic liquid (IL)-water mixture pretreated bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) samples were applied in the research of thermal decomposition. [BMIM]Cl (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)- water and [BMIM]BF4 (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate)-water were used in pretreatment process. Compositions of the untreated bamboo and pretreated bamboo were compared. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were analyzed to explain the effect of ILs mixture on cellulose crystalline structure. The pretreated cellulose with [BMIM]Cl- water mixture was tend to produce the more gaseous products, which were associated with the decomposition rate. The behavior of more CO and CH4 gaseous products and less tar in the thermal decomposition products could be attributed to ILs-water mixture pretreatment process. The potential and some problems of ILs-water mixture pretreatment method applied in thermal chemical conversion methods were also discussed.展开更多
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was pretreated by using ionic liquids (ILs)-water mixtures solvent with solid acid catalysts. Different amount of water was considerate as the main variable. The peak shift of pretreat...Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was pretreated by using ionic liquids (ILs)-water mixtures solvent with solid acid catalysts. Different amount of water was considerate as the main variable. The peak shift of pretreated sample was determined by FT-IR related to the water content. The XRD was applied to characterize the change in MCC crystalline structure. Thermal decomposition technique was applied to investigate the thermal stability of pretreated MCC. The result indicated that three state of samples were occurred in pretreated MCC sample which was related the amount of water in ILs mixture system. XRD result suggested that the raw sample was distorted and transformed into a less ordered intermediate structure and the smaller crystallite size in lump state sample was obtained which could lead to lower thermal stability. This study revealed the physical chemicals properties, characteristic of molecular structures in MCC using ILs-water mixtures.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Current literature underscores the significance of appropriate physical activity in managing diabetes,primarily utilizing self-reported data.Yet,the impact of objectively...Summary What is already known about this topic?Current literature underscores the significance of appropriate physical activity in managing diabetes,primarily utilizing self-reported data.Yet,the impact of objectively measured physical activity in older diabetic populations remains unclear.What is added by this report?Our research on elderly diabetic patients indicated a correlation between an increased number of daily steps and improved metabolic profiles,as well as a decrease in the incidence of cardiovascular complications.What are the implications for public health practice?Elevated daily step counts may confer significant benefits to elderly individuals with diabetes.The use of devices to monitor these steps could serve as a potent cardiovascular marker,and hold great potential as a screening or intervention tool in community-oriented settings.展开更多
Microgrid as an important part of smart grid comprises distributed generators(DGs),adjustable loads,energy storage systems(ESSs)and control units.It can be operated either connected with the external system or islande...Microgrid as an important part of smart grid comprises distributed generators(DGs),adjustable loads,energy storage systems(ESSs)and control units.It can be operated either connected with the external system or islanded with the support of ESSs.While the daily output of DGs strongly depends on the temporal distribution of natural resources such as wind and solar,unregulated electric vehicle(EV)charging demand will deteriorate the unbalance between the daily load curve and generation curve.In this paper,a statistic model is presented to describe daily EV charging/discharging behaviors considering the randomness of the initial state of charge(SOC)of EV batteries.The optimization problem is proposed to obtain the economic operation for the microgrid based on this model.In dayahead scheduling,with the estimated power generation and load demand,the optimal charging/discharging scheduling of EVs during 24 h is achieved by serial quadratic programming.With the optimal charging/discharging scheduling of EVs,the daily load curve can better track the generation curve.The network loss in grid-connected operation mode and required ESS capacity in islanded operation mode are both decreased.展开更多
Various aspects of the organisms adapt to cyclically changing environmental conditions via transcriptional regulation.However,the role of rhythmicity in altering the global aspects of metabolism is poorly characterize...Various aspects of the organisms adapt to cyclically changing environmental conditions via transcriptional regulation.However,the role of rhythmicity in altering the global aspects of metabolism is poorly characterized.Here,we subjected four rice(Oryza sativa)varieties to a range of metabolic profiles and RNA-seq to investigate the temporal relationships of rhythm between transcription and metabolism.More than 40%of the rhythmic genes and a quarter of metabolites conservatively oscillated across four rice accessions.Compared with the metabolome,the transcriptome was more strongly regulated by rhythm;however,the rhythm of metabolites had an obvious opposite trend between day and night.Through association analysis,the time delay of rhythmic transmission from the transcript to the metabolite level was~4 h under long-day conditions,although the transmission was nearly synchronous for carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism.The rhythmic accumulation of metabolites maintained highly coordinated temporal relationships in the metabolic network,whereas the correlation of some rhythmic metabolites,such as branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs),was significantly different intervariety.We further demonstrated that the cumulative diversity of BCAAs was due to the differential expression of branched-chain aminotransferase 2 at dawn.Our research reveals the flexible pattern of rice metabolic rhythm existing with conservation and diversity.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12105340,12035019,and12075290)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2020412)。
文摘Heavy ion irradiation effects on charge trapping memory(CTM)capacitors with TiN/Al_(2)O_(3)/HfO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)/HfO_(2)/SiO_(2)/p-Si structure have been investigated.The ion-induced interface charges and oxide trap charges were calculated and analyzed by capacitance-voltage(C-V)characteristics.The C-V curves shift towards the negative direction after swift heavy ion irradiation,due to the net positive charges accumulating in the trapping layer.The memory window decreases with the increase of ion fluence at high voltage,which results from heavy ion-induced structural damage in the blocking layer.The mechanism of heavy ion irradiation effects on CTM capacitors is discussed in detail with energy band diagrams.The results may help to better understand the physical mechanism of heavy ion-induced degradation of CTM capacitors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42172333,41902304,U1711267)the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology (2021)+1 种基金Science and Technology Strategic Prospecting Project of Guizhou Province ( [2022]ZD003)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Shuguang Project (2022010801020206).
文摘Nowadays,Web browsers have become an important carrier of 3D model visualization because of their convenience and portability.During the process of large-scale 3D model visualization based on Web scenes with the problems of slow rendering speed and low FPS(Frames Per Second),occlusion culling,as an important method for rendering optimization,can remove most of the occluded objects and improve rendering efficiency.The traditional occlusion culling algorithm(TOCA)is calculated by traversing all objects in the scene,which involves a large amount of repeated calculation and time consumption.To advance the rendering process and enhance rendering efficiency,this paper proposes an occlusion culling with three different optimization methods based on the WebGPU Computing Pipeline.Firstly,for the problem of large amounts of repeated calculation processes in TOCA,these units are moved from the CPU to the GPU for parallel computing,thereby accelerating the calculation of the Potential Visible Sets(PVS);Then,for the huge overhead of creating pipeline caused by too many 3D models in a certain scene,the Breaking Occlusion Culling Algorithm(BOCA)is introduced,which removes some nodes according to building a Hierarchical Bounding Volume(BVH)scene tree to reduce the overhead of creating pipelines;After that,the structure of the scene tree is transmitted to the GPU in the order of depth-first traversal and finally,the PVS is obtained by parallel computing.In the experiments,3D geological models with five different scales from 1:5,000 to 1:500,000 are used for testing.The results show that the proposed methods can reduce the time overhead of repeated calculation caused by the computing pipeline creation and scene tree recursive traversal in the occlusion culling algorithm effectively,with 97%rendering efficiency improvement compared with BOCA,thereby accelerating the rendering process on Web browsers.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.81820100820 and 81372845 to C.Z.,no.81400855 to C.Y.and no.82170893 to Q.T.)supported by National Key R&D Program of China grant no.2018YFC1106300(to C.Z.)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai grant no.21ZR1448600(to C.Y.)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality grant no.14pj1407200(to C.Y.)。
文摘Toll-like receptors(TLRs)play pivotal roles in inflammation and provide important links between the immune and skeletal systems.Although the activation of TLRs may affect osteoclast differentiation and bone metabolism,whether and how TLRs are required for normal bone remodeling remains to be fully explored.In the current study,we show for the first time that TLR9^(-/-)mice exhibit a low bone mass and low-grade systemic chronic inflammation,which is characterized by the expansion of CD4^(+)T cells and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines,including TNFα,RANKL,and IL1β.The increased levels of these cytokines significantly promote osteoclastogenesis and induce bone loss.Importantly,TLR9 deletion alters the gut microbiota,and this dysbiosis is the basis of the systemic inflammation and bone loss observed in TLR9^(-/-)mice.Furthermore,through single-cell RNA sequencing,we identified myeloid-biased hematopoiesis in the bone marrow of TLR9^(-/-)mice and determined that the increase in myelopoiesis,likely caused by the adaptation of hematopoietic stem cells to systemic inflammation,also contributes to inflammation-induced osteoclastogenesis and subsequent bone loss in TLR9^(-/-)mice.Thus,our study provides novel evidence that TLR9 signaling connects the gut microbiota,immune system,and bone and is critical in maintaining the homeostasis of inflammation,hematopoiesis,and bone metabolism under normal conditions.
文摘Ionic liquid (IL), [BMIM]Cl-water was applied in cellulose pretreatment process and the pretreated cellulose was used in subsequent polyethylene glycol liquefaction process as a new application method. Cellulose recovery rate and molecular weight value of pretreated cellulose were investigated to understand the influence of IL-water mixtures by adding the different amount of catalysis on cellulose crystalline structure. Gel permeation chromatograph, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and thermo gravimetric/differential thermal analysis were used to clarify the changes of pretreated cellulose. The results showed that the pretreated cellulose was improved in crystalline structure, molecular weight distribution and thermal stability. The liquefied residues from untreated cellulose and pretreated cellulose were considered as a significant index to determine the effect of IL-water mixture on cellulose. It suggested that the lower molecular weight of cellulose was obtained, the crystalline structure was disrupted and less order was formed. The liquefied residues result suggested that the lower residues at the latter stages of the reaction from the pretreated cellulose were observed.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province(Nos.2017GZ0052,2020YFH0079,and 2020JDJQ0030)National Energy Novel Materials Center Project(No.NENMC-I-1701)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.YJ201722,YJ201955)support by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1804132)。
文摘Lead(Pb)-free Tin(Sn)-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have been favored by the community due to their low toxicity,preferable bandgaps,and great potential to achieve high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs).Interfaces engineering plays important roles in developing highly efficient Sn-based PSCs via passivation of trap defects,alignment of energy levels,and incorporation of low-dimensional Sn-based perovskites.In this review,we summarize the development of Pb-free Sn-based perovskites and their applications in devices,especially the strategies of improving the interfaces.We also provide perspectives for future research.Our aim is to help the development of new and advanced approaches to achieving high-performance environment-friendly Pb-free Sn-based PSCs.
文摘The ionic liquid (IL)-water mixture pretreated bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) samples were applied in the research of thermal decomposition. [BMIM]Cl (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)- water and [BMIM]BF4 (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate)-water were used in pretreatment process. Compositions of the untreated bamboo and pretreated bamboo were compared. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were analyzed to explain the effect of ILs mixture on cellulose crystalline structure. The pretreated cellulose with [BMIM]Cl- water mixture was tend to produce the more gaseous products, which were associated with the decomposition rate. The behavior of more CO and CH4 gaseous products and less tar in the thermal decomposition products could be attributed to ILs-water mixture pretreatment process. The potential and some problems of ILs-water mixture pretreatment method applied in thermal chemical conversion methods were also discussed.
文摘Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was pretreated by using ionic liquids (ILs)-water mixtures solvent with solid acid catalysts. Different amount of water was considerate as the main variable. The peak shift of pretreated sample was determined by FT-IR related to the water content. The XRD was applied to characterize the change in MCC crystalline structure. Thermal decomposition technique was applied to investigate the thermal stability of pretreated MCC. The result indicated that three state of samples were occurred in pretreated MCC sample which was related the amount of water in ILs mixture system. XRD result suggested that the raw sample was distorted and transformed into a less ordered intermediate structure and the smaller crystallite size in lump state sample was obtained which could lead to lower thermal stability. This study revealed the physical chemicals properties, characteristic of molecular structures in MCC using ILs-water mixtures.
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Current literature underscores the significance of appropriate physical activity in managing diabetes,primarily utilizing self-reported data.Yet,the impact of objectively measured physical activity in older diabetic populations remains unclear.What is added by this report?Our research on elderly diabetic patients indicated a correlation between an increased number of daily steps and improved metabolic profiles,as well as a decrease in the incidence of cardiovascular complications.What are the implications for public health practice?Elevated daily step counts may confer significant benefits to elderly individuals with diabetes.The use of devices to monitor these steps could serve as a potent cardiovascular marker,and hold great potential as a screening or intervention tool in community-oriented settings.
基金The research of this paper was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51577032)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20160679)+1 种基金EPSRC UK-China joint research consortium(EP/F061242/1)Science bridge award(EP/G042594/1).
文摘Microgrid as an important part of smart grid comprises distributed generators(DGs),adjustable loads,energy storage systems(ESSs)and control units.It can be operated either connected with the external system or islanded with the support of ESSs.While the daily output of DGs strongly depends on the temporal distribution of natural resources such as wind and solar,unregulated electric vehicle(EV)charging demand will deteriorate the unbalance between the daily load curve and generation curve.In this paper,a statistic model is presented to describe daily EV charging/discharging behaviors considering the randomness of the initial state of charge(SOC)of EV batteries.The optimization problem is proposed to obtain the economic operation for the microgrid based on this model.In dayahead scheduling,with the estimated power generation and load demand,the optimal charging/discharging scheduling of EVs during 24 h is achieved by serial quadratic programming.With the optimal charging/discharging scheduling of EVs,the daily load curve can better track the generation curve.The network loss in grid-connected operation mode and required ESS capacity in islanded operation mode are both decreased.
基金This work was supported by the Hainan Major Science and Technology Project(ZDKJ202002)the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31530052)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Hainan(ZDYF2020066)the Hainan Academician Innovation Platform(HD-YSZX-202003 and HD-YSZX-202004)the Hainan University Startup Fund(KYQD(ZR)1866).
文摘Various aspects of the organisms adapt to cyclically changing environmental conditions via transcriptional regulation.However,the role of rhythmicity in altering the global aspects of metabolism is poorly characterized.Here,we subjected four rice(Oryza sativa)varieties to a range of metabolic profiles and RNA-seq to investigate the temporal relationships of rhythm between transcription and metabolism.More than 40%of the rhythmic genes and a quarter of metabolites conservatively oscillated across four rice accessions.Compared with the metabolome,the transcriptome was more strongly regulated by rhythm;however,the rhythm of metabolites had an obvious opposite trend between day and night.Through association analysis,the time delay of rhythmic transmission from the transcript to the metabolite level was~4 h under long-day conditions,although the transmission was nearly synchronous for carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism.The rhythmic accumulation of metabolites maintained highly coordinated temporal relationships in the metabolic network,whereas the correlation of some rhythmic metabolites,such as branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs),was significantly different intervariety.We further demonstrated that the cumulative diversity of BCAAs was due to the differential expression of branched-chain aminotransferase 2 at dawn.Our research reveals the flexible pattern of rice metabolic rhythm existing with conservation and diversity.
