Attribute reduction in the rough set theory is an important feature selection method,but finding a minimum attribute reduction has been proven to be a non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-hard problem.Therefore,it is nece...Attribute reduction in the rough set theory is an important feature selection method,but finding a minimum attribute reduction has been proven to be a non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-hard problem.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate some fast and effective approximate algorithms.A novel and enhanced quantum-inspired shuffled frog leaping based minimum attribute reduction algorithm(QSFLAR) is proposed.Evolutionary frogs are represented by multi-state quantum bits,and both quantum rotation gate and quantum mutation operators are used to exploit the mechanisms of frog population diversity and convergence to the global optimum.The decomposed attribute subsets are co-evolved by the elitist frogs with a quantum-inspired shuffled frog leaping algorithm.The experimental results validate the better feasibility and effectiveness of QSFLAR,comparing with some representative algorithms.Therefore,QSFLAR can be considered as a more competitive algorithm on the efficiency and accuracy for minimum attribute reduction.展开更多
To accelerate the selection process of feature subsets in the rough set theory(RST), an ensemble elitist roles based quantum game(EERQG) algorithm is proposed for feature selection. Firstly, the multilevel elitist rol...To accelerate the selection process of feature subsets in the rough set theory(RST), an ensemble elitist roles based quantum game(EERQG) algorithm is proposed for feature selection. Firstly, the multilevel elitist roles based dynamics equilibrium strategy is established, and both immigration and emigration of elitists are able to be self-adaptive to balance between exploration and exploitation for feature selection. Secondly, the utility matrix of trust margins is introduced to the model of multilevel elitist roles to enhance various elitist roles' performance of searching the optimal feature subsets, and the win-win utility solutions for feature selection can be attained. Meanwhile, a novel ensemble quantum game strategy is designed as an intriguing exhibiting structure to perfect the dynamics equilibrium of multilevel elitist roles. Finally, the ensemble manner of multilevel elitist roles is employed to achieve the global minimal feature subset, which will greatly improve the feasibility and effectiveness. Experiment results show the proposed EERQG algorithm has superiority compared to the existing feature selection algorithms.展开更多
Phase change materials have a key role for wearable thermal management,but suffer from poor water vapor permeability,low enthalpy value and weak shape stability caused by liquid phase leakage and intrinsic rigidity of...Phase change materials have a key role for wearable thermal management,but suffer from poor water vapor permeability,low enthalpy value and weak shape stability caused by liquid phase leakage and intrinsic rigidity of solid–liquid phase change materials.Herein,we report for the first time a versatile strategy for designed assembly of high-enthalpy flexible phase change nonwovens(GB-PCN)by wet-spinning hybrid grapheneboron nitride(GB)fiber and subsequent impregnating paraffins(e.g.,eicosane,octadecane).As a result,our GB-PCN exhibited an unprecedented enthalpy value of 206.0 J g^(−1),excellent thermal reliability and anti-leakage capacity,superb thermal cycling ability of 97.6%after 1000 cycles,and ultrahigh water vapor permeability(close to the cotton),outperforming the reported PCM films and fibers to date.Notably,the wearable thermal management systems based on GB-PCN for both clothing and face mask were demonstrated,which can maintain the human body at a comfortable temperature range for a significantly long time.Therefore,our results demonstrate huge potential of GB-PCN for human-wearable passive thermal management in real scenarios.展开更多
Dissolved organic matter(DOM)in refinery wastewater is an extremely complex mixture of various organic compounds.Using mass spectrometry,it is impossible to characterize all of the DOM molecules with only one ionizati...Dissolved organic matter(DOM)in refinery wastewater is an extremely complex mixture of various organic compounds.Using mass spectrometry,it is impossible to characterize all of the DOM molecules with only one ionization source.In this study,negative-ion,electrospray ionization(ESI),positive-ion ESI,and positive-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization(APPI)were coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS)to analyze the molecular composition of DOM in a refinery wastewater stream during the treatment process.There were obvious differences in the heteroatom composition,number of DOM constituents,and chemical properties in refinery wastewater under the three ionization modes.Acidic CHO and CHOS compounds detected by(+)ESI,basic CHN and CHON compounds detected by(þ)ESI,and hydrocarbons detected by(+)APPI were analyzed to determine the molecular transformations that occurred during treatment.In an anaerobic biological treatment process,acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a high oxygen content were preferentially removed,and acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a low oxygen content were produced.In an aerobic biological process,acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a low oxygen content were preferentially removed,and acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a high oxygen content were produced.The whole biological treatment process has a poor removal efficiency for CHN and CHON compounds,and hydrocarbons.An activated carbon(AC)adsorption process removed different heteroatom compounds mainly with a low oxygen content for acidic and basic compounds.The transformation mechanism of CHO and CHOS compounds in the biological treatment process was analyzed by the Kendrick mass defect(KMD)theory and a mass difference network analysis.In the anaerobic process,large amounts of oxygenated CHO and CHOS compounds were degraded by decarboxylation,deoxydation,demethoxylation,and dehydration reactions,and converted to lower oxygen content compounds.In the aerobic processes,these low oxygen CHO and CHOS compounds mainly underwent carboxylation and oxidation reactions.This study determined the transformation characteristics and mechanisms of different types of organic compounds in refinery wastewater during the treatment process.The results provide guidance for the design and optimization of technologies for refinery wastewater treatment.展开更多
Steam flooding is a widely used technique to enhance oil recovery of heavy oil.Thermal viscosity reduction and distillation effect are considered as two main displacement mechanisms in steam flooding process.However,t...Steam flooding is a widely used technique to enhance oil recovery of heavy oil.Thermal viscosity reduction and distillation effect are considered as two main displacement mechanisms in steam flooding process.However,the molecular composition understanding and contribution for oil production are still unclear.In this study,the composition analysis of the heavy oil was investigated in the core scale steam flooding process with the temperature from 120 to 280℃.The crude oil,produced oils and residual oils were characterized comprehensively by gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry.It is found that steam flooding preferentially extracts aromatics and remains more resins in the residual oil.Viscosity reduction is the dominant mechanism when steam is injected at a low temperature.Large molecular heteroatoms with high carbon number and high double bond equivalent(DBE)are eluted into the produced oil,while compounds with low carbon number and low DBE are remained in the residual oil.As the steam temperature rises,the increased distillation effect results in the extraction of light hydrocarbons from the residual oil to the produced oil.More small heteroatoms with low carbon number and low DBE enter into the produced oil,especially in the none water cut stage.The compositional difference of produced oils is characterized in DBE versus carbon number distribution of the N and O containing compound classes.This work uses a variety of composition analysis methods to clarify the steam flooding mechanism and provides a novel understanding of steam flooding mechanisms with various temperatures and production stages from the molecular perspective.展开更多
Low-temperature oxidation(LTO)is the main reaction that affects fuel formation in the in-situ combustion process,which has important significance for the subsequent combustion propulsion and the successful extraction ...Low-temperature oxidation(LTO)is the main reaction that affects fuel formation in the in-situ combustion process,which has important significance for the subsequent combustion propulsion and the successful extraction of crude oil.In this study,heavy oil was subjected to LTO reactions at different temperatures.Three types of reaction products with varying oxidation depths were characterized in terms of the number of oxygen atoms and the polarity of the molecule to reveal the low-temperature oxidation process of the heavy oil.Ketone compounds and acid polyoxides in the oil phase and deep oxidation products with a higher number of oxygen atoms in the coke were identified with increasing oxidation depth.The experimental results showed that the oxidation reaction of the heavy oil changed from kinetic-controlled to diffusion-controlled in the open oxidation system of the heavy oil as the oxidation depth increased.The oxidation reaction of the oil phase reached a maximum and stable value in oxygen content.The molecular compositions of the ketone compound and acid polyoxide did not change significantly with further increase in reaction temperature.The molecular compositions of the deep oxidation products with a higher number of oxygen atoms in the coke phase changed significantly.The coke precursor molecules with a lower oxygen content and condensation degree participated in the coke formation,and the oxidation reaction pathway and the complexity of the oxidation product component also increased.展开更多
Blast furnace (BF) ironmaking is the most typical “black box” process, and its complexity and uncertainty bring forth great challenges for furnace condition judgment and BF operation. Rich data resources for BF iron...Blast furnace (BF) ironmaking is the most typical “black box” process, and its complexity and uncertainty bring forth great challenges for furnace condition judgment and BF operation. Rich data resources for BF ironmaking are available, and the rapid development of data science and intelligent technology will provide an effective means to solve the uncertainty problem in the BF ironmaking process. This work focused on the application of artificial intelligence technology in BF ironmaking. The current intelligent BF ironmaking technology was summarized and analyzed from five aspects. These aspects include BF data management, the analyses of time delay and correlation, the prediction of BF key variables, the evaluation of BF status, and the multi-objective intelligent optimization of BF operations. Solutions and suggestions were offered for the problems in the current progress, and some outlooks for future prospects and technological breakthroughs were added. To effectively improve the BF data quality, we comprehensively considered the data problems and the characteristics of algorithms and selected the data processing method scientifically. For analyzing important BF characteristics, the effect of the delay was eliminated to ensure an accurate logical relationship between the BF parameters and economic indicators. As for BF parameter prediction and BF status evaluation,a BF intelligence model that integrates data information and process mechanism was built to effectively achieve the accurate prediction of BF key indexes and the scientific evaluation of BF status. During the optimization of BF parameters, low risk, low cost, and high return were used as the optimization criteria, and while pursuing the optimization effect, the feasibility and site operation cost were considered comprehensively.This work will help increase the process operator’s overall awareness and understanding of intelligent BF technology. Additionally, combining big data technology with the process will improve the practicality of data models in actual production and promote the application of intelligent technology in BF ironmaking.展开更多
Most heavy crude oils underwent biodegradation and generated a significant amount of naphthenic acids. Naphthenic acids are polar compounds with the carboxylic group and are considered as a major factor affecting the ...Most heavy crude oils underwent biodegradation and generated a significant amount of naphthenic acids. Naphthenic acids are polar compounds with the carboxylic group and are considered as a major factor affecting the oil viscosity. However, the relationship between the molecular composition of naphthenic acids and oil viscosity is not well understood. This study examined a “clean” heavy oil with low contents of heteroatoms but had a high content of naphthenic acids. Naphthenic acids were fractionated by distillation and caustic extraction. The molecular composition was characterized by high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. It was found that the 2- and 3-ring naphthenic monoacids with 15–35 carbon atoms are dominant components of the acid fractions;the caustic extraction is capable of isolating naphthenic acids with less than 35 carbons, which is equivalent to the upper limit of the distillable components, but not those in the residue fraction;the total acid number of the heavy distillates is higher than that of the residue fraction;the viscosity of the distillation fraction increases exponentially with an increased boiling point of the distillates. Blending experiments indicates that there is a strong correlation between the oil viscosity and acids content, although the acid content is only a few percent of the total oil.展开更多
Phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted much attention in the field of solar thermal utilization recently,due to their outstanding thermal energy storage performance.However,PCMs usually release their stored latent...Phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted much attention in the field of solar thermal utilization recently,due to their outstanding thermal energy storage performance.However,PCMs usually release their stored latent heat spontaneously as the temperature below the phase transition temperature,rendering thermal energy storage and release uncontrollable,thus hindering their practical application in time and space.Herein,we developed erythritol/sodium carboxymethylcellulose/tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate(ERY/CMC/EDTA-4Na)composite PCMs with novel spatiotemporal thermal energy storage properties,defined as spatiotemporal PCMs(STPCMs),which exhibit the capacity of thermal energy long-term storage and controllable release.Our results show that the composite PCMs are unable to lose latent heat due to spontaneous crystallization during cooling,but can controllably release thermal energy through cold crystallization during reheating.The cold-crystallization temperature and enthalpy of composite PCMs can be adjusted by proportional addition of EDTA-4Na to the composite.When the mass fractions of CMC and EDTA-4Na are both 10%,the composite PCMs can exhibit the optical coldcrystallization temperature of 51.7℃ and enthalpy of 178.1 J/g.The supercooled composite PCMs without latent heat release can be maintained at room temperature(10-25℃)for up to more than two months,and subsequently the stored latent heat can be controllably released by means of thermal triggering or heterogeneous nucleation.Our findings provide novel insights into the design and construction of new PCMs with spatiotemporal performance of thermal energy long-term storage and controllable release,and consequently open a new door for the development of advanced solar thermal utilization techniques on the basis of STPCMs.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the efficacy and immune function of thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)suppression therapy in postoperative thyroid cancer patients.Methods:Sixty thyroid cancer patients admitted from July 2020–...Objective:To investigate the efficacy and immune function of thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)suppression therapy in postoperative thyroid cancer patients.Methods:Sixty thyroid cancer patients admitted from July 2020–July 2022 were recruited and randomly divided into two groups.The control group(30 patients)received hormone replacement therapy,while the study group(30 patients)received TSH suppression therapy.The thyroid function,clinical efficacy,immune function,and tumor markers of the two groups were compared.Results:After treatment,the levels of free triiodothyronine(FT3)and thyroxine(FT4)in both groups increased significantly,while TSH levels decreased significantly.Moreover,the magnitude of change in the study group was greater than that in the control group(P<0.05).The total effective rate in the study group was significantly higher as compared to the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of CD3+and CD4+cells in both groups of patients increased significantly,with the study group showing significantly higher levels than the control group,whereas the level of CD8+cells decreased significantly,with the study group having lower levels than the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of Tg and CEA in both groups were significantly lowered as compared to before treatment,and the levels of Tg and CEA in the study group were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:TSH suppression therapy in postoperative thyroid cancer patients can improve thyroid function,suppress the levels of tumor markers,and enhance immune function,thereby achieving good clinical outcomes.展开更多
Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma are distinct neoplasms originating from different cell layers; therefore, simultaneous development of...Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma are distinct neoplasms originating from different cell layers; therefore, simultaneous development of such carcinomas is relatively rare. Auxiliary examinations revealed coexistence of esophageal and gastric cardia carcinoma with lymph node metastasis in a 77-year-old man. Intraoperatively, an extraluminal tumor (about 6.0 cm × 5.0 cm × 6.0 cm) at the posterior wall of the gastric body, a tumor (about 2.5 cm × 2.0 cm) in the lower esophagus, and an infiltrative and stenosing tumor (about 1.0 cm × 2.0 cm) in the gastric cardia were detected. Wedge resection for extraluminal gastric tumor, radical esophagectomy for lower esophageal tumor, and cardiac resection with gastroesophageal (supra-aortic arch anastomoses) were performed. Postoperative histological examination showed synchronous occurrence of gastric GIST, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry indicated strong staining for c-Kit/CD117, Dog-1, Ki-67 and smooth muscle, while expression of S-100 and CD34 was negative.展开更多
In this paper,a new method for determining the shell layout scheme is proposed,which can make the equipment damage data by the battlefield damage test resemble as close as possible the actual combat data.This method i...In this paper,a new method for determining the shell layout scheme is proposed,which can make the equipment damage data by the battlefield damage test resemble as close as possible the actual combat data.This method is based on the analysis of the impact point distribution and effective damage area of equipment.In order to obtain the position of the impact points,an impact point distribution model under artillery fire was established.Similarly,in order to obtain the effective damage area of equipment,the concepts of generalized damage area and task-based equipment functional damage probability were demonstrated,and the corresponding calculation model was established.Through case analysis,the shell layout scheme was effectively obtained,verifying the correctness of the proposed method.展开更多
A Canadian in situ oilsands bitumen-derived vacuum residue(VR)was subjected to supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation(SFEF)into 13 extractable fractions and an unextractable end-cut and characterized by posi...A Canadian in situ oilsands bitumen-derived vacuum residue(VR)was subjected to supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation(SFEF)into 13 extractable fractions and an unextractable end-cut and characterized by positive-and negative-ion electrospray ionization(ESI)Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS).The results of negative-ion ESI FT-ICR MS showed that the N1 class species was the most abundant and the multifunctional group compounds,such as N1 O1,N1 O2,N1 S1,N1 S2,and N2 class species became abundant as the SFEF fraction became heavier.In positive-ion ESI mode,the relative abundance of N1 class species decreased gradually in the heavy SFEF fractions while that of multifunctional group compounds increased.The relative abundance of N4 V1 O1 increased dramatically in heavy fractions and the end-cut.The distributions of polar heteroatom species of VR derived from oilsands bitumen were similar with those of VR derived from the Venezuela Orinoco extra heavy oil.展开更多
Diesel hydrotreatment removes heteroatoms and polycyclic aromatics in diesel in the presence of highpressure hydrogen gas.The hydrogen solubility is the basis for hydrogen consumption prediction and process design/opt...Diesel hydrotreatment removes heteroatoms and polycyclic aromatics in diesel in the presence of highpressure hydrogen gas.The hydrogen solubility is the basis for hydrogen consumption prediction and process design/optimization.In the presented study,we established a method to predict the hydrogen solubility of diesel molecules and mixture.A modified Henry equation was proposed to illustrate the hydrogen solubility variation among the temperature and pressure.The parameters of the modified Henry equation for typical molecules were regressed from literature data.Then we established an empirical correlation between the parameter and the structure and property of molecules.The method was then combined with a molecular-level compositional model to accurately predict the hydrogen solubility in diesel,illustrating the validity of the method.展开更多
The access to high-density hydrocarbon fuels from biomass for the reduction of dependence on fossil resources has been a research highlight in recent years. It is well known that cycloalkanes are the components of fue...The access to high-density hydrocarbon fuels from biomass for the reduction of dependence on fossil resources has been a research highlight in recent years. It is well known that cycloalkanes are the components of fuels with higher energy density than straight or branched alkanes. Herein, we developed a new catalytic pattern to synthesize dimethyltetradecahydroanthracenes(DMTHA), a kind of tricyclic alkane, from biomass-derived isoprene and p-benzoquinone via a cascade Diels-Alder reaction followed by a hydrodeoxygenation reaction. Vanadium supported on titanium dioxide(V-TiO_(2)) was applied to catalyze the cascade Diels-Alder reaction and it was disclosed that V with appropriate V^(4+)/V^(5+) ratio on the surface of TiO_(2) could activate quinones. Experimental tests showed that the heating value of final products was up to 45.7 MJ/kg. The development of new high-density fuel molecules is a long-term trend for the future renewable and sustainable fuel energy application.展开更多
The formation mechanism of nanocone structure on silicon(Si)surface irradiated by helium plasma has been investigated by experiments and simulations.Impurity(molybdenum)aggregated as shields on Si was found to be a ke...The formation mechanism of nanocone structure on silicon(Si)surface irradiated by helium plasma has been investigated by experiments and simulations.Impurity(molybdenum)aggregated as shields on Si was found to be a key factor to form a high density of nanocone in our previous study.Here to concrete this theory,a simulation work has been developed with SURO code based on the impurity concentration measurement of the nanocones by using electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy.The formation process of the nanocone from a flat surface was presented.The modeling structure under an inclining ion incident direction was in good agreement with the experimental result.Moreover,the redeposition effect was proposed as another important process of nanocone formation based on results from the comparison of the cone diameter and sputtering yield between cases with and without the redeposition effect.展开更多
The cycloaddition reaction between epoxides and CO_(2) is an effective method to utilize CO_(2) resource.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)provide a promising platform for the catalytic CO_(2) transformations on accoun...The cycloaddition reaction between epoxides and CO_(2) is an effective method to utilize CO_(2) resource.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)provide a promising platform for the catalytic CO_(2) transformations on account of their remarkable chemical and physical properties.Herein,a family of novel vinylene-linked ionic COFs named TE-COFs(TTE-COF,TME-COF,TPE-COF,TBE-COF)has been facilely synthesized from N-ethyl2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium bromide and a series of triphenyl aromatic aldehydes involving different numbers of nitrogen atoms in the central aromatic ring.The resulting catalyst TTE-COF with excellent adsorption capacity(45.6 cm3·g^(-1),273 K)exhibited outstanding catalytic performance,remarkable recyclability and great substrate tolerance.Moreover,it was also observed that the introduction of nitrogen atom in the precursor led to a great improvement in the crystallinity and CO_(2) adsorption capacity of TE-COFs,thus resulting to a progressively improved catalytic performance.This work not only illustrated the influence of monomer nitrogen content on the crystallinity and CO_(2) adsorption capacity of TE-COFs but also provided a green heterogeneous candidate for catalyzing the cycloaddition between CO_(2) and epoxides,which shed a light on improving the catalytic performance of the CO_(2) cycloaddition reaction by designing the covalent organic frameworks structures.展开更多
Dissolved organic matter(DOM) in the ocean is one of the largest carbon pools on Earth. Microbial metabolism is an important process that shapes the marine DOM pool. Current studies on the interactions between microor...Dissolved organic matter(DOM) in the ocean is one of the largest carbon pools on Earth. Microbial metabolism is an important process that shapes the marine DOM pool. Current studies on the interactions between microorganisms and DOM focus mainly on oxic environments. Few studies have addressed the molecular characteristics of DOM in microbial-mediated transformation under anoxic/hypoxic conditions. As a result of deteriorating water quality due to eutrophication and global warming, anoxia occurs frequently in coastal waters. In this study, we performed an experiment to investigate changes in microbial community responses and the molecular characteristics of DOM in microbial-mediated transformation under hypoxic conditions. We compared microbial-mediated DOM transformation at different dissolved oxygen levels(7, 5, and 2 mg L^(-1)) and in different media(natural and artificial seawater with and without laminarin). We also investigated differences in DOM composition between groups using spectroscopic analysis and ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The results showed decreased microbial metabolic activity and delayed community succession at low oxygen(≤2 mg L^(-1)) in natural seawater supplemented with laminarin. The growth of strictly aerobic bacteria such as Pseudomonadaceae and Sphingomonadaceae was inhibited and the total organic carbon utilization rate was reduced by 36.9–46.7% from 4 to 32days. Moreover, tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like components were preserved, while DOM humification and modified aromaticity indices were significantly reduced under low oxygen conditions. This experiment provides justification for further study of the processes and mechanisms of improved labile DOM preservation in anoxic estuarine and coastal waters.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6113900261171132)+4 种基金the Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education(CXZZ11 0219)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Education Department(12KJB520013)the Applying Study Foundation of Nantong(BK2011062)the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology,Nanjing University(KFKT2012B28)the Natural Science Pre-Research Foundation of Nantong University(12ZY016)
文摘Attribute reduction in the rough set theory is an important feature selection method,but finding a minimum attribute reduction has been proven to be a non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-hard problem.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate some fast and effective approximate algorithms.A novel and enhanced quantum-inspired shuffled frog leaping based minimum attribute reduction algorithm(QSFLAR) is proposed.Evolutionary frogs are represented by multi-state quantum bits,and both quantum rotation gate and quantum mutation operators are used to exploit the mechanisms of frog population diversity and convergence to the global optimum.The decomposed attribute subsets are co-evolved by the elitist frogs with a quantum-inspired shuffled frog leaping algorithm.The experimental results validate the better feasibility and effectiveness of QSFLAR,comparing with some representative algorithms.Therefore,QSFLAR can be considered as a more competitive algorithm on the efficiency and accuracy for minimum attribute reduction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6113900261171132+4 种基金61300167)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Education Department(12KJB520013)the Open Project Program of Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Information Processing Technologythe Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Provincethe Starting Foundation for Doctoral Scientific Research,Nantong University(14B20)
文摘To accelerate the selection process of feature subsets in the rough set theory(RST), an ensemble elitist roles based quantum game(EERQG) algorithm is proposed for feature selection. Firstly, the multilevel elitist roles based dynamics equilibrium strategy is established, and both immigration and emigration of elitists are able to be self-adaptive to balance between exploration and exploitation for feature selection. Secondly, the utility matrix of trust margins is introduced to the model of multilevel elitist roles to enhance various elitist roles' performance of searching the optimal feature subsets, and the win-win utility solutions for feature selection can be attained. Meanwhile, a novel ensemble quantum game strategy is designed as an intriguing exhibiting structure to perfect the dynamics equilibrium of multilevel elitist roles. Finally, the ensemble manner of multilevel elitist roles is employed to achieve the global minimal feature subset, which will greatly improve the feasibility and effectiveness. Experiment results show the proposed EERQG algorithm has superiority compared to the existing feature selection algorithms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21903082,22003065,22125903,51872283,22075279,21805273,22273100)Dalian Innovation Support Plan for High Level Talents(2019RT09)+3 种基金Dalian National Laboratory For Clean Energy(DNL),CAS,DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL201912,DNL201915,DNL202016,DNL202019)DICP(DICP I2020032,DICP I202036,I202218)The Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(YLU-DNL Fund 2021002,YLU-DNL 2021007,YLU-DNL 2021009)Q.Shi would like to thank Dalian Outstanding Young Scientific Talent Program(Grant 2019RJ10).
文摘Phase change materials have a key role for wearable thermal management,but suffer from poor water vapor permeability,low enthalpy value and weak shape stability caused by liquid phase leakage and intrinsic rigidity of solid–liquid phase change materials.Herein,we report for the first time a versatile strategy for designed assembly of high-enthalpy flexible phase change nonwovens(GB-PCN)by wet-spinning hybrid grapheneboron nitride(GB)fiber and subsequent impregnating paraffins(e.g.,eicosane,octadecane).As a result,our GB-PCN exhibited an unprecedented enthalpy value of 206.0 J g^(−1),excellent thermal reliability and anti-leakage capacity,superb thermal cycling ability of 97.6%after 1000 cycles,and ultrahigh water vapor permeability(close to the cotton),outperforming the reported PCM films and fibers to date.Notably,the wearable thermal management systems based on GB-PCN for both clothing and face mask were demonstrated,which can maintain the human body at a comfortable temperature range for a significantly long time.Therefore,our results demonstrate huge potential of GB-PCN for human-wearable passive thermal management in real scenarios.
基金financial support the Key Research Project of Zhejiang Laboratory(2021PE0AC02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11704239,61922053,and 11674210)。
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0605800 and 2020YFA0607600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42003059)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462021XKBH005).
文摘Dissolved organic matter(DOM)in refinery wastewater is an extremely complex mixture of various organic compounds.Using mass spectrometry,it is impossible to characterize all of the DOM molecules with only one ionization source.In this study,negative-ion,electrospray ionization(ESI),positive-ion ESI,and positive-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization(APPI)were coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS)to analyze the molecular composition of DOM in a refinery wastewater stream during the treatment process.There were obvious differences in the heteroatom composition,number of DOM constituents,and chemical properties in refinery wastewater under the three ionization modes.Acidic CHO and CHOS compounds detected by(+)ESI,basic CHN and CHON compounds detected by(þ)ESI,and hydrocarbons detected by(+)APPI were analyzed to determine the molecular transformations that occurred during treatment.In an anaerobic biological treatment process,acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a high oxygen content were preferentially removed,and acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a low oxygen content were produced.In an aerobic biological process,acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a low oxygen content were preferentially removed,and acidic CHO and CHOS compounds with a high oxygen content were produced.The whole biological treatment process has a poor removal efficiency for CHN and CHON compounds,and hydrocarbons.An activated carbon(AC)adsorption process removed different heteroatom compounds mainly with a low oxygen content for acidic and basic compounds.The transformation mechanism of CHO and CHOS compounds in the biological treatment process was analyzed by the Kendrick mass defect(KMD)theory and a mass difference network analysis.In the anaerobic process,large amounts of oxygenated CHO and CHOS compounds were degraded by decarboxylation,deoxydation,demethoxylation,and dehydration reactions,and converted to lower oxygen content compounds.In the aerobic processes,these low oxygen CHO and CHOS compounds mainly underwent carboxylation and oxidation reactions.This study determined the transformation characteristics and mechanisms of different types of organic compounds in refinery wastewater during the treatment process.The results provide guidance for the design and optimization of technologies for refinery wastewater treatment.
文摘Steam flooding is a widely used technique to enhance oil recovery of heavy oil.Thermal viscosity reduction and distillation effect are considered as two main displacement mechanisms in steam flooding process.However,the molecular composition understanding and contribution for oil production are still unclear.In this study,the composition analysis of the heavy oil was investigated in the core scale steam flooding process with the temperature from 120 to 280℃.The crude oil,produced oils and residual oils were characterized comprehensively by gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry.It is found that steam flooding preferentially extracts aromatics and remains more resins in the residual oil.Viscosity reduction is the dominant mechanism when steam is injected at a low temperature.Large molecular heteroatoms with high carbon number and high double bond equivalent(DBE)are eluted into the produced oil,while compounds with low carbon number and low DBE are remained in the residual oil.As the steam temperature rises,the increased distillation effect results in the extraction of light hydrocarbons from the residual oil to the produced oil.More small heteroatoms with low carbon number and low DBE enter into the produced oil,especially in the none water cut stage.The compositional difference of produced oils is characterized in DBE versus carbon number distribution of the N and O containing compound classes.This work uses a variety of composition analysis methods to clarify the steam flooding mechanism and provides a novel understanding of steam flooding mechanisms with various temperatures and production stages from the molecular perspective.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0702400)the PetroChina Exploration&Production Company(KS2020-01-05).
文摘Low-temperature oxidation(LTO)is the main reaction that affects fuel formation in the in-situ combustion process,which has important significance for the subsequent combustion propulsion and the successful extraction of crude oil.In this study,heavy oil was subjected to LTO reactions at different temperatures.Three types of reaction products with varying oxidation depths were characterized in terms of the number of oxygen atoms and the polarity of the molecule to reveal the low-temperature oxidation process of the heavy oil.Ketone compounds and acid polyoxides in the oil phase and deep oxidation products with a higher number of oxygen atoms in the coke were identified with increasing oxidation depth.The experimental results showed that the oxidation reaction of the heavy oil changed from kinetic-controlled to diffusion-controlled in the open oxidation system of the heavy oil as the oxidation depth increased.The oxidation reaction of the oil phase reached a maximum and stable value in oxygen content.The molecular compositions of the ketone compound and acid polyoxide did not change significantly with further increase in reaction temperature.The molecular compositions of the deep oxidation products with a higher number of oxygen atoms in the coke phase changed significantly.The coke precursor molecules with a lower oxygen content and condensation degree participated in the coke formation,and the oxidation reaction pathway and the complexity of the oxidation product component also increased.
基金financially supported by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274326)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.2125018 and 2225008)China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(BWLCF202109)。
文摘Blast furnace (BF) ironmaking is the most typical “black box” process, and its complexity and uncertainty bring forth great challenges for furnace condition judgment and BF operation. Rich data resources for BF ironmaking are available, and the rapid development of data science and intelligent technology will provide an effective means to solve the uncertainty problem in the BF ironmaking process. This work focused on the application of artificial intelligence technology in BF ironmaking. The current intelligent BF ironmaking technology was summarized and analyzed from five aspects. These aspects include BF data management, the analyses of time delay and correlation, the prediction of BF key variables, the evaluation of BF status, and the multi-objective intelligent optimization of BF operations. Solutions and suggestions were offered for the problems in the current progress, and some outlooks for future prospects and technological breakthroughs were added. To effectively improve the BF data quality, we comprehensively considered the data problems and the characteristics of algorithms and selected the data processing method scientifically. For analyzing important BF characteristics, the effect of the delay was eliminated to ensure an accurate logical relationship between the BF parameters and economic indicators. As for BF parameter prediction and BF status evaluation,a BF intelligence model that integrates data information and process mechanism was built to effectively achieve the accurate prediction of BF key indexes and the scientific evaluation of BF status. During the optimization of BF parameters, low risk, low cost, and high return were used as the optimization criteria, and while pursuing the optimization effect, the feasibility and site operation cost were considered comprehensively.This work will help increase the process operator’s overall awareness and understanding of intelligent BF technology. Additionally, combining big data technology with the process will improve the practicality of data models in actual production and promote the application of intelligent technology in BF ironmaking.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0702400)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(ZX20210029).
文摘Most heavy crude oils underwent biodegradation and generated a significant amount of naphthenic acids. Naphthenic acids are polar compounds with the carboxylic group and are considered as a major factor affecting the oil viscosity. However, the relationship between the molecular composition of naphthenic acids and oil viscosity is not well understood. This study examined a “clean” heavy oil with low contents of heteroatoms but had a high content of naphthenic acids. Naphthenic acids were fractionated by distillation and caustic extraction. The molecular composition was characterized by high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. It was found that the 2- and 3-ring naphthenic monoacids with 15–35 carbon atoms are dominant components of the acid fractions;the caustic extraction is capable of isolating naphthenic acids with less than 35 carbons, which is equivalent to the upper limit of the distillable components, but not those in the residue fraction;the total acid number of the heavy distillates is higher than that of the residue fraction;the viscosity of the distillation fraction increases exponentially with an increased boiling point of the distillates. Blending experiments indicates that there is a strong correlation between the oil viscosity and acids content, although the acid content is only a few percent of the total oil.
基金the financial support from the Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(YLU-DNL Fund 2021007)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(21903082 and 22273100)+2 种基金the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP I202036,and I202218)the DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL202012)Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 2022-MS-020。
文摘Phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted much attention in the field of solar thermal utilization recently,due to their outstanding thermal energy storage performance.However,PCMs usually release their stored latent heat spontaneously as the temperature below the phase transition temperature,rendering thermal energy storage and release uncontrollable,thus hindering their practical application in time and space.Herein,we developed erythritol/sodium carboxymethylcellulose/tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate(ERY/CMC/EDTA-4Na)composite PCMs with novel spatiotemporal thermal energy storage properties,defined as spatiotemporal PCMs(STPCMs),which exhibit the capacity of thermal energy long-term storage and controllable release.Our results show that the composite PCMs are unable to lose latent heat due to spontaneous crystallization during cooling,but can controllably release thermal energy through cold crystallization during reheating.The cold-crystallization temperature and enthalpy of composite PCMs can be adjusted by proportional addition of EDTA-4Na to the composite.When the mass fractions of CMC and EDTA-4Na are both 10%,the composite PCMs can exhibit the optical coldcrystallization temperature of 51.7℃ and enthalpy of 178.1 J/g.The supercooled composite PCMs without latent heat release can be maintained at room temperature(10-25℃)for up to more than two months,and subsequently the stored latent heat can be controllably released by means of thermal triggering or heterogeneous nucleation.Our findings provide novel insights into the design and construction of new PCMs with spatiotemporal performance of thermal energy long-term storage and controllable release,and consequently open a new door for the development of advanced solar thermal utilization techniques on the basis of STPCMs.
文摘Objective:To investigate the efficacy and immune function of thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)suppression therapy in postoperative thyroid cancer patients.Methods:Sixty thyroid cancer patients admitted from July 2020–July 2022 were recruited and randomly divided into two groups.The control group(30 patients)received hormone replacement therapy,while the study group(30 patients)received TSH suppression therapy.The thyroid function,clinical efficacy,immune function,and tumor markers of the two groups were compared.Results:After treatment,the levels of free triiodothyronine(FT3)and thyroxine(FT4)in both groups increased significantly,while TSH levels decreased significantly.Moreover,the magnitude of change in the study group was greater than that in the control group(P<0.05).The total effective rate in the study group was significantly higher as compared to the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of CD3+and CD4+cells in both groups of patients increased significantly,with the study group showing significantly higher levels than the control group,whereas the level of CD8+cells decreased significantly,with the study group having lower levels than the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of Tg and CEA in both groups were significantly lowered as compared to before treatment,and the levels of Tg and CEA in the study group were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:TSH suppression therapy in postoperative thyroid cancer patients can improve thyroid function,suppress the levels of tumor markers,and enhance immune function,thereby achieving good clinical outcomes.
文摘Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma are distinct neoplasms originating from different cell layers; therefore, simultaneous development of such carcinomas is relatively rare. Auxiliary examinations revealed coexistence of esophageal and gastric cardia carcinoma with lymph node metastasis in a 77-year-old man. Intraoperatively, an extraluminal tumor (about 6.0 cm × 5.0 cm × 6.0 cm) at the posterior wall of the gastric body, a tumor (about 2.5 cm × 2.0 cm) in the lower esophagus, and an infiltrative and stenosing tumor (about 1.0 cm × 2.0 cm) in the gastric cardia were detected. Wedge resection for extraluminal gastric tumor, radical esophagectomy for lower esophageal tumor, and cardiac resection with gastroesophageal (supra-aortic arch anastomoses) were performed. Postoperative histological examination showed synchronous occurrence of gastric GIST, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry indicated strong staining for c-Kit/CD117, Dog-1, Ki-67 and smooth muscle, while expression of S-100 and CD34 was negative.
基金Key projects of pre-research fund(No.9140A27040414JB34001).
文摘In this paper,a new method for determining the shell layout scheme is proposed,which can make the equipment damage data by the battlefield damage test resemble as close as possible the actual combat data.This method is based on the analysis of the impact point distribution and effective damage area of equipment.In order to obtain the position of the impact points,an impact point distribution model under artillery fire was established.Similarly,in order to obtain the effective damage area of equipment,the concepts of generalized damage area and task-based equipment functional damage probability were demonstrated,and the corresponding calculation model was established.Through case analysis,the shell layout scheme was effectively obtained,verifying the correctness of the proposed method.
文摘A Canadian in situ oilsands bitumen-derived vacuum residue(VR)was subjected to supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation(SFEF)into 13 extractable fractions and an unextractable end-cut and characterized by positive-and negative-ion electrospray ionization(ESI)Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS).The results of negative-ion ESI FT-ICR MS showed that the N1 class species was the most abundant and the multifunctional group compounds,such as N1 O1,N1 O2,N1 S1,N1 S2,and N2 class species became abundant as the SFEF fraction became heavier.In positive-ion ESI mode,the relative abundance of N1 class species decreased gradually in the heavy SFEF fractions while that of multifunctional group compounds increased.The relative abundance of N4 V1 O1 increased dramatically in heavy fractions and the end-cut.The distributions of polar heteroatom species of VR derived from oilsands bitumen were similar with those of VR derived from the Venezuela Orinoco extra heavy oil.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0702400)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Nos.2462018BJC003 and 2462018QZDX04)。
文摘Diesel hydrotreatment removes heteroatoms and polycyclic aromatics in diesel in the presence of highpressure hydrogen gas.The hydrogen solubility is the basis for hydrogen consumption prediction and process design/optimization.In the presented study,we established a method to predict the hydrogen solubility of diesel molecules and mixture.A modified Henry equation was proposed to illustrate the hydrogen solubility variation among the temperature and pressure.The parameters of the modified Henry equation for typical molecules were regressed from literature data.Then we established an empirical correlation between the parameter and the structure and property of molecules.The method was then combined with a molecular-level compositional model to accurately predict the hydrogen solubility in diesel,illustrating the validity of the method.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFC1905303, 2018YFB1501600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21908218, 21872139)DICP Grant (I201944) for providing financial support to do this scientific research。
文摘The access to high-density hydrocarbon fuels from biomass for the reduction of dependence on fossil resources has been a research highlight in recent years. It is well known that cycloalkanes are the components of fuels with higher energy density than straight or branched alkanes. Herein, we developed a new catalytic pattern to synthesize dimethyltetradecahydroanthracenes(DMTHA), a kind of tricyclic alkane, from biomass-derived isoprene and p-benzoquinone via a cascade Diels-Alder reaction followed by a hydrodeoxygenation reaction. Vanadium supported on titanium dioxide(V-TiO_(2)) was applied to catalyze the cascade Diels-Alder reaction and it was disclosed that V with appropriate V^(4+)/V^(5+) ratio on the surface of TiO_(2) could activate quinones. Experimental tests showed that the heating value of final products was up to 45.7 MJ/kg. The development of new high-density fuel molecules is a long-term trend for the future renewable and sustainable fuel energy application.
基金supported in part by a Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research (Nos.17KK0132, 19H01874) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)supported by National MCF Energy R&D Program of China (Nos.2018YFE0311100 and 2018YFE0303105)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.12075047)
文摘The formation mechanism of nanocone structure on silicon(Si)surface irradiated by helium plasma has been investigated by experiments and simulations.Impurity(molybdenum)aggregated as shields on Si was found to be a key factor to form a high density of nanocone in our previous study.Here to concrete this theory,a simulation work has been developed with SURO code based on the impurity concentration measurement of the nanocones by using electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy.The formation process of the nanocone from a flat surface was presented.The modeling structure under an inclining ion incident direction was in good agreement with the experimental result.Moreover,the redeposition effect was proposed as another important process of nanocone formation based on results from the comparison of the cone diameter and sputtering yield between cases with and without the redeposition effect.
基金financially supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2022A1515011606)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations.
文摘The cycloaddition reaction between epoxides and CO_(2) is an effective method to utilize CO_(2) resource.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)provide a promising platform for the catalytic CO_(2) transformations on account of their remarkable chemical and physical properties.Herein,a family of novel vinylene-linked ionic COFs named TE-COFs(TTE-COF,TME-COF,TPE-COF,TBE-COF)has been facilely synthesized from N-ethyl2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium bromide and a series of triphenyl aromatic aldehydes involving different numbers of nitrogen atoms in the central aromatic ring.The resulting catalyst TTE-COF with excellent adsorption capacity(45.6 cm3·g^(-1),273 K)exhibited outstanding catalytic performance,remarkable recyclability and great substrate tolerance.Moreover,it was also observed that the introduction of nitrogen atom in the precursor led to a great improvement in the crystallinity and CO_(2) adsorption capacity of TE-COFs,thus resulting to a progressively improved catalytic performance.This work not only illustrated the influence of monomer nitrogen content on the crystallinity and CO_(2) adsorption capacity of TE-COFs but also provided a green heterogeneous candidate for catalyzing the cycloaddition between CO_(2) and epoxides,which shed a light on improving the catalytic performance of the CO_(2) cycloaddition reaction by designing the covalent organic frameworks structures.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2021QZKK0102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42222604,42188102,92251306,42141003,41861144018 and 42106040)the President’s Fund of Xiamen University(Grant Nos.20720170107 and 20720210076)。
文摘Dissolved organic matter(DOM) in the ocean is one of the largest carbon pools on Earth. Microbial metabolism is an important process that shapes the marine DOM pool. Current studies on the interactions between microorganisms and DOM focus mainly on oxic environments. Few studies have addressed the molecular characteristics of DOM in microbial-mediated transformation under anoxic/hypoxic conditions. As a result of deteriorating water quality due to eutrophication and global warming, anoxia occurs frequently in coastal waters. In this study, we performed an experiment to investigate changes in microbial community responses and the molecular characteristics of DOM in microbial-mediated transformation under hypoxic conditions. We compared microbial-mediated DOM transformation at different dissolved oxygen levels(7, 5, and 2 mg L^(-1)) and in different media(natural and artificial seawater with and without laminarin). We also investigated differences in DOM composition between groups using spectroscopic analysis and ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The results showed decreased microbial metabolic activity and delayed community succession at low oxygen(≤2 mg L^(-1)) in natural seawater supplemented with laminarin. The growth of strictly aerobic bacteria such as Pseudomonadaceae and Sphingomonadaceae was inhibited and the total organic carbon utilization rate was reduced by 36.9–46.7% from 4 to 32days. Moreover, tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like components were preserved, while DOM humification and modified aromaticity indices were significantly reduced under low oxygen conditions. This experiment provides justification for further study of the processes and mechanisms of improved labile DOM preservation in anoxic estuarine and coastal waters.
