随着柴油车数量的增加,NO_x污染的控制成为了当今社会的一个重要议题,NO_x可以导致酸雨,光化学烟雾以及慢性健康问题.目前,具有八元环孔口的含铜CHA型分子筛(包括Cu-SSZ-13和Cu-SPAO-34)具有优异的高温水热稳定性及宽温度范围内的活性和...随着柴油车数量的增加,NO_x污染的控制成为了当今社会的一个重要议题,NO_x可以导致酸雨,光化学烟雾以及慢性健康问题.目前,具有八元环孔口的含铜CHA型分子筛(包括Cu-SSZ-13和Cu-SPAO-34)具有优异的高温水热稳定性及宽温度范围内的活性和N_2选择性,是最具有吸引力的氨选择催化还原催化剂,而且在欧洲和美国已经得到了应用.SAPO-34分子筛的一个重要缺陷就是在100 ℃以下,对水较为敏感,这主要是由于Si–O–Al键的水解造成的.研究表明,在室温下接触水蒸气后,SAPO-34的结晶度和比表面积只能部分恢复,而如果长达数月甚至更长时间的接触后,分子筛将会遭受骨架坍塌等不可逆的破坏,到目前为止,Cu-SAPO-34的低温水热稳定性相关问题并未得到清楚的阐述.本文系统研究了不同铜含量和硅含量的Cu-SAPO-34催化剂的低温水热稳定性.结果显示,低温水热处理后,所有催化剂的NH_3氧化活性和NH_3-SCR活性(主要是低温活性)都有所下降.29Si MAS NMR结果表明,在低温水热处理过程中,骨架结构的破坏在所难免,但催化剂上铜含量的增加有助于Cu-SAPO-34的骨架结构和酸性的更好保持.EPR结果表明,当催化剂上铜含量较低时,孤立Cu^(2+)的稳定性和SAPO分子筛骨架的稳定性呈现正相关的关系.具有较高铜含量(如3.67 wt%)的样品,尽管其骨架结构和酸性在低温水热处理过程中可以得到较好的保持,但活性Cu^(2+)的量仍会有明显的下降.由于部分样品在低温水处理后,NH_3氧化反应活性下降,我们推测CuO颗粒发生了聚结,从而抑制了催化剂的NH_3氧化反应活性,N_2O化学吸附实验也证实了该结论.在所有催化剂中,具有中等铜含量(1.37%)的高硅Cu-SAPO-34样品在低温水处理过程中的Cu^(2+)量和酸性质均得到了较好的保持,所以其水处理后的NH_3-SCR活性衰减最小.展开更多
Dear Editor,Mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus(MPXV).Mpox cases have been sporadic over the past few decades,with outbreaks occurring in only a limited ...Dear Editor,Mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus(MPXV).Mpox cases have been sporadic over the past few decades,with outbreaks occurring in only a limited number of countries,primarily as a result of imported cases(El Eid et al.,2022;Tan and Gao,2022).展开更多
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major etiological agent of communityacquired pneumonia that accounts for 10%to 40%of communityacquired pneumonia and exhibits distinct cyclic epidemic patterns that recur at 3-to 7-year inte...Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major etiological agent of communityacquired pneumonia that accounts for 10%to 40%of communityacquired pneumonia and exhibits distinct cyclic epidemic patterns that recur at 3-to 7-year intervals,[1-4] Nonpharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)that were used by countries worldwide during the pandemic significantly reduced the prevalence of M.pneumoniae.[5]After the lifting of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions,M.pneumoniae gradually grew globally.[6]To provide a better understanding of the growth of M.pneumoniae in 2023,we explored the hazards,incidence,diagnosis,and antibiotic resistance of M.pneumoniae.展开更多
Human astrovirus(HAstV)is one of the main pathogens that cause sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis,sometimes leading to outbreaks.This study aimed to elucidate the epidemiological and etiological character-istics ...Human astrovirus(HAstV)is one of the main pathogens that cause sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis,sometimes leading to outbreaks.This study aimed to elucidate the epidemiological and etiological character-istics of HAstV outbreaks worldwide.Literature on HAstV outbreaks published before January 2022 was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang,WeiPu,PubMed,and Web of Science databases.Date,region,population,settings,transmission modes,clinical symptoms,and etiological characteristics of the outbreaks were collected and analyzed.Thirty-one articles on 32 HAstV outbreaks reported between November 1978 and October 2018 were included.The outbreaks mainly occurred in autumn(14/32,43.75%),and more of them were reported in 1996,2004,and 2017.Outbreaks were primarily dis-tributed in the Northern Hemisphere and mainly occurred in nursery centers and kindergartens(9/29,31.03%),hospitals(5/29,17.24%),and schools(4/29,13.79%).Viral genotypes were identified during 19 outbreaks,and HAstV-1 was predominant(8/19,42.10%).Eleven outbreaks were caused by mixed infection,and norovirus(9/11,81.82%)and rotavirus(5/11,45.45%)were the most common mixed pathogens.The transmission routes were reported in 9 outbreaks of mixed infection,and most(7/9)were related to water-borne and foodborne transmission.Although HAstV outbreaks are infrequently reported,it is necessary to con-sider HAstV in norovirus-negative gastroenteritis outbreaks.In addition,local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should have the capacity to handle HAstV outbreaks and identify pathogens.展开更多
Monkeypox (mpox) is a zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus (MPXV) that has been primarily limited to Central and West African nations since its discovery. The recent spread of the West African lineage of MPXV in ...Monkeypox (mpox) is a zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus (MPXV) that has been primarily limited to Central and West African nations since its discovery. The recent spread of the West African lineage of MPXV in historically unaffected countries has raised concerns for global public health. Despite a significant decrease in global mpox cases, there is still a risk of a global resurgence. This study reports the first local case of mpox caused by an imported case in the Chinese mainland. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosed the two cases, and the viral genomes were obtained by next-generation sequencing. Genomic analysis revealed that the two strains shared an identical genome sequence and belonged to the B.1.3 branch of the West African lineage, which is the first local case of mpox caused by an imported case in the Chinese mainland, highlighting the potential threat of mpox in China and the immediate need for adequate surveillance measures.展开更多
Introduction:Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni)is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and has a major impact on global public health.The objective of the present study was to conduct whole genom...Introduction:Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni)is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and has a major impact on global public health.The objective of the present study was to conduct whole genome sequencing(WGS)to determine the genetic diversity,virulence factors,and determinants of antimicrobial resistance of C.jejuni during a 3-year surveillance period in Beijing,China.Methods:A total of 184 clinical isolates were obtained from sentinel hospital surveillance between 2019 and 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the agar dilution method.WGS was employed to characterize the 184 C.jejuni strains.Results:Multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed high genetic diversity among the 184 C.jejuni strains,identifying 71 sequence types(STs)and 19 clonal complexes(CCs).The most prevalent ST was ST760(6.5%),and the most common CC was CC21(24.5%),consisting of 11 STs.High resistance rates were observed for ciprofloxacin(76.6%),nalidixic acid(76.1%),and tetracycline(71.2%).A total of 77 C.jejuni isolates(41.8%)exhibited multidrug resistance with 43 resistance patterns.Virulome analysis disclosed the differential distribution of virulence factors related to adherence,colonization,chemotaxis,as well as lipooligosaccharide and capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis.Resistome analysis demonstrated widespread resistance to quinolones and tetracycline,but low rates of macrolides resistance.The phylogeny,based on whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms,indicated a high degree of clonality and grouped the C.jejuni strains into six clades.Closely related isolates that were part of a genetic cluster mostly shared a homogenous clonal complex.Conclusions:The present study emphasizes the rising resistance to quinolones and tetracycline,as well as the virulence potential and diverse genotypes identified among C.jejuni strains isolated from diarrheal patients in Beijing.展开更多
The first indigenous incidence of Mpox(previously known as monkeypox)within Chinese mainland was documented in May 2023,with subsequent local and imported cases identified.A comprehensive understanding of the Mpox vi...The first indigenous incidence of Mpox(previously known as monkeypox)within Chinese mainland was documented in May 2023,with subsequent local and imported cases identified.A comprehensive understanding of the Mpox virus’s(MPXV)characteristics within Beijing remains incomplete.In this study,84 MPXV genomes from 82 local incidents and two imported instances,detected between May and July 2023,were analyzed.All MPXV strains fell within lineage C.1 of the West African clade,displaying limited genetic heterogeneity,encompassing 76–87 nucleotide substitutions and holding nucleotide identities between 99.996%and 100%.Phylogenetic exploration indicated that all genomes exhibited high homology to those presently prevalent in neighboring East Asian and Southeast Asian regions.Forty-six distinct haplotypes were identified among the strains,with 36.90%of genomes corresponding to four common haplotypes,suggesting repeated cross-regional introductions and restrained distribution via recurrent local transmission.These findings elucidate the genetic diversity and phylogenesis of MPXVs during their nascent transmission within Beijing and provide vital information to enhance future Mpox containment strategies.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Current research regarding hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)has primarily concentrated on the economic impacts,drawing from retrospective or sentinel hospital-based data....Summary What is already known about this topic?Current research regarding hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)has primarily concentrated on the economic impacts,drawing from retrospective or sentinel hospital-based data.This approach often overlooks cases that were either not consulted or were misdiagnosed.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)continues to evolve,the clinical manifestations resulting from different SARS-CoV-2 variants may demonstrate si...Summary What is already known about this topic?Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)continues to evolve,the clinical manifestations resulting from different SARS-CoV-2 variants may demonstrate significant variation.What is added by this report?We conducted a comparative analysis of the clinical features associated with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BF.7.14 and BA.5.2.48 infections.The results of our study indicate that there are no substantial differences in clinical manifestations,duration of illness,healthcare-seeking behaviors,or treatment between these two subvariants.What are the implications for public health practice?Timely identification of alterations in the clinical spectrum is crucial for researchers and healthcare practitioners in order to enhance their comprehension of clinical manifestations,as well as the progression of SARS-CoV-2.Furthermore,this information is beneficial for policymakers in the process of revising and implementing appropriate countermeasures.展开更多
Introduction:In November 2021,the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron variant was identified as the variant of concern and has since spread globally,replacing other cocirculating variant...Introduction:In November 2021,the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron variant was identified as the variant of concern and has since spread globally,replacing other cocirculating variants.To better understand the dynamic changes in viral load over time and the natural history of the virus infection,we analyzed the expression of the open reading frames 1ab(ORF1ab)and nucleocapsid(N)genes in patients infected with Omicron.Methods:We included patients initially admitted to the hospital for SARS-CoV-2 infection between November 5 and December 25,2022.We collected daily oropharyngeal swabs for quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction tests using commercial kits.We depicted the cycle threshold(Ct)values for amplification of ORF1ab and N genes from individual patients in age-specific groups in a time series.Results:A total of 480 inpatients were included in the study,with a median age of 59 years(interquartile range,42 to 78;range,16 to 106).In the<45-year-old age group,the Ct values for ORF1ab and N gene amplification remained below 35 for 9.0 and 11.5 days,respectively.In the≥80-year-old age group,the Ct values for ORF1ab and N genes stayed below 35 for 11.5 and 15.0 days,respectively,which was the longest among all age groups.The Ct values for N gene amplification took longer to rise above 35 than those for ORF1ab gene amplification.Conclusion:The time to test negative varied among different age groups,with viral nucleic acid shedding taking longer in older age groups compared to younger age groups.As a result,the time to resolution of Omicron infection increased with increasing age.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?China has repeatedly contained multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)outbreaks through a comprehensive set of targeted nonpharmaceutical int...Summary What is already known about this topic?China has repeatedly contained multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)outbreaks through a comprehensive set of targeted nonpharmaceutical interventions(NPIs).However,the effectiveness of such NPIs has not been systematically assessed.展开更多
On July 4,2022,the first case of Omicron subvariant BA.5.2 in Beijing Municipality was discovered in Yanqing District.The case was a 49-yearold Chinese male who had arrived in Shanghai Municipality via international f...On July 4,2022,the first case of Omicron subvariant BA.5.2 in Beijing Municipality was discovered in Yanqing District.The case was a 49-yearold Chinese male who had arrived in Shanghai Municipality via international flight DL9927 from North Carolina,U.S.on June 15.He stayed in a hotel for the 14-day arrival quarantine and was discharged on June 30.He arrived in Beijing via domestic flight MU5103 on July 1 and was transferred point-to-point from the airport to his residence community in Yanqing District.On July 3,his sample was collected through community mass screening and reported positive in the next morning.The case had received 3 doses of Moderna’s mRNA vaccines in the U.S.,with the last shot on May 26,2022.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Plague is an acute infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis(Y.pestis)and is primarily transmitted by rodents.Human can be infected by bites of bacterium-bearing fleas or dire...What is already known about this topic?Plague is an acute infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis(Y.pestis)and is primarily transmitted by rodents.Human can be infected by bites of bacterium-bearing fleas or direct contact with diseased or dead plagueinfected animals.In 2004,the last human plague case was reported in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region due to skinning a dead hare.What is added by this report?This is the first case of pneumonic plague imported into a major city since the founding of the People's Republic of China.Two primary pneumonic plague cases(Patients A and B)found in residents of Inner Mongolia were confirmed in Beijing on November 12,2019.Another case(Patient C)of Y.pestis was identified as bubonic plague on November 14.Patient A most likely became infected from aerosol exposure to infective droplets while digging on his farm,located in an Meriones unguiculatus(M.unguiculatus)natural plague focus.Patient B became infected from contact with Patient A(her husband).Patient C became infected after skinning a dead hare.There was no epidemiological relationship between the Patient A/B and Patient C.What are the implications for public health practice?When epizootic plague is detected,local health-care providers and the public should be alerted about any possible risks.Public education efforts should focus on promoting personal protection measures.展开更多
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS),a key sensor of intracellular DNA,is essential for eliciting innate immunity against infection,whereas aberrant activation of cGAS by endogenous DNA promotes severe autoimmune diseases.Ho...Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS),a key sensor of intracellular DNA,is essential for eliciting innate immunity against infection,whereas aberrant activation of cGAS by endogenous DNA promotes severe autoimmune diseases.However,it is largely unknown how cGAS expression is regulated during pathogen infection and autoimmunity.Here,we report that during herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)infection,two microRNAs(miR-23a and miR-23b)whose levels significantly decrease due to their interaction with the lncRNA Oasl2-209 directly regulate the expression of cGAS.Overexpression of miR-23a/b markedly dampens cytosolic DNA-induced innate immune responses,whereas inhibition of miR-23a/b enhances these responses.Mice treated with miR-23a/b agomirs exhibit increased susceptibility to HSV-1 infection.Moreover,cGAS is significantly upregulated in the Trex1^(−/−)mouse autoimmune disease model.Administration of miR-23a/b blunts self DNA-induced autoinflammatory responses in Trex1^(−/−)mice.Collectively,our study not only reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of cGAS expression by miRNAs but also identifies a potential therapy for cGAS-related autoimmune diseases.展开更多
On January 15,2022,a 26 years old female(Case A)went to a sampling site for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)testing due to excessive fatigue and fever for two days.This patient preliminarily tested positive for seve...On January 15,2022,a 26 years old female(Case A)went to a sampling site for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)testing due to excessive fatigue and fever for two days.This patient preliminarily tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)using a quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)method.展开更多
Omicron(B.1.1.529),the fifth variant of concern(VOC)of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2),was firstly identified in November 2021 in South Africa.Omicron contains far more genome mutations t...Omicron(B.1.1.529),the fifth variant of concern(VOC)of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2),was firstly identified in November 2021 in South Africa.Omicron contains far more genome mutations than any other VOCs ever found,raising significant concerns about its increased transmissibility and immune evasion.Here,we report the importation of the Omicron variant into Beijing,China,in December 2021.Full‐length genome sequences of five imported strains were obtained,with their genetic features characterized.Each strain contained 57 to 61 nucleotide substitutions,39 deletions,and 9 insertions in the genome.Thirty to thirty‐two amino acid changes were found in the spike proteins of the five strains.The phylogenetic tree constructed by the maximum likelihood method showed that all five imported genomes belonged to Omicron(BA.1)(alias of B.1.1.529.1),which is leading to the current surge of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)cases worldwide.The globally increased COVID‐19 cases driven by the Omicron variant pose a significant challenge to disease prevention and control in China.Continuous viral genetic surveillance and increased testing among international travellers are required to contain this highly contagious variant.展开更多
After 56 days without coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases,reemergent cases were reported in Beijing,China on June 11,2020.Here,we report the genetic characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus...After 56 days without coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases,reemergent cases were reported in Beijing,China on June 11,2020.Here,we report the genetic characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)sequenced from the clinical specimens of 4 human cases and 2 environmental samples.The nucleotide similarity among six SARS-CoV-2 genomes ranged from 99.98%to 99.99%.Compared with the reference strain of SARS-CoV-2(GenBank No.NC_045512),all six genome sequences shared the same substitutions at nt241(C→T),nt3037(C→T),nt14408(C→T),nt23403(A→G),nt28881(G→A),nt28882(G→A),and nt28883(G→C),which are the characteristic nucleotide substitutions of L-lineage European branch I.This was also proved by themaximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the full-length genome of SARS-CoV-2.They also have a unique shared nucleotide substitution,nt6026(C→T),which is the characteristic nucleotide substitution of SARS-CoV-2 in Beijing's Xinfadi outbreak.It is noteworthy that there is an amino acid D614Gmutation caused by nt23403 substitution in all six genomes,which may enhance the virus's infectivity in humans and help it become the leading strain of the virus to spread around the world today.It is necessary to continuously monitor the genetic variation of SARS-CoV-2,focusing on the influence of key mutation sites of SARS-CoV-2 on viral transmission,clinical manifestations,severity,and course of disease.展开更多
For a long time,vaccination and herd immunity were considered to be the magic solution for controlling coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the emergence of new variants altered people’s expectations and prolon...For a long time,vaccination and herd immunity were considered to be the magic solution for controlling coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the emergence of new variants altered people’s expectations and prolonged the pandemic duration,especially the Omicron strain with substantially increased transmissibility and decreased vaccine efficacy.Therefore,we are in urgent need of a practical solution to resume regular life to some extent,while mitigating COVID-19 risks in the tight race between vaccine rollouts and virus variation.This commentary proposed that bubble strategy(or closed loop management),utilized in Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and to be implemented in Beijing 2022 Winter Games,could serve as a novel technique of nonpharmaceutical interventions in coping with such a situation.展开更多
Monkey B virus(BV),initially isolated in 1932,is currently designated as Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses(1).BV is an alphaherpesvirus enzootic in macaques of the genus...Monkey B virus(BV),initially isolated in 1932,is currently designated as Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses(1).BV is an alphaherpesvirus enzootic in macaques of the genus Macaca,normally transmitted horizontally via direct contact and exchange of bodily secretions,just like herpes simplex virus(HSV)in humans.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Inhalational anthrax,also known as pulmonary anthrax,is an infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis.The patients are usually infected by inhaling aerosolized B.ant...Summary What is already known about this topic?Inhalational anthrax,also known as pulmonary anthrax,is an infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis.The patients are usually infected by inhaling aerosolized B.anthracis spores from dead animals or animal products.Compared to cutaneous anthrax,inhalational anthrax is rare and deadly and few cases in China were reported.What is added by this report?This report covers all information of clinical features,laboratory testing,and epidemiological characteristics as well as exposure history of a recent primary inhalational anthrax patient who was seeking medical treatment in Beijing Municipality in August 2021.New laboratory techniques,including second-generation sequencing,polymerase chain reaction,and rapid test for serum antibody,played an important role in the process.What are the implications for public health practice?The information provided in this report,including the correct sample type,epidemiological investigation details,and application of the new diagnostic criteria of anthrax,could assist public health professionals in dealing with anthrax epidemics.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676262,21506207,21606221)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(QYZDB-SSW-JSC040)~~
文摘随着柴油车数量的增加,NO_x污染的控制成为了当今社会的一个重要议题,NO_x可以导致酸雨,光化学烟雾以及慢性健康问题.目前,具有八元环孔口的含铜CHA型分子筛(包括Cu-SSZ-13和Cu-SPAO-34)具有优异的高温水热稳定性及宽温度范围内的活性和N_2选择性,是最具有吸引力的氨选择催化还原催化剂,而且在欧洲和美国已经得到了应用.SAPO-34分子筛的一个重要缺陷就是在100 ℃以下,对水较为敏感,这主要是由于Si–O–Al键的水解造成的.研究表明,在室温下接触水蒸气后,SAPO-34的结晶度和比表面积只能部分恢复,而如果长达数月甚至更长时间的接触后,分子筛将会遭受骨架坍塌等不可逆的破坏,到目前为止,Cu-SAPO-34的低温水热稳定性相关问题并未得到清楚的阐述.本文系统研究了不同铜含量和硅含量的Cu-SAPO-34催化剂的低温水热稳定性.结果显示,低温水热处理后,所有催化剂的NH_3氧化活性和NH_3-SCR活性(主要是低温活性)都有所下降.29Si MAS NMR结果表明,在低温水热处理过程中,骨架结构的破坏在所难免,但催化剂上铜含量的增加有助于Cu-SAPO-34的骨架结构和酸性的更好保持.EPR结果表明,当催化剂上铜含量较低时,孤立Cu^(2+)的稳定性和SAPO分子筛骨架的稳定性呈现正相关的关系.具有较高铜含量(如3.67 wt%)的样品,尽管其骨架结构和酸性在低温水热处理过程中可以得到较好的保持,但活性Cu^(2+)的量仍会有明显的下降.由于部分样品在低温水处理后,NH_3氧化反应活性下降,我们推测CuO颗粒发生了聚结,从而抑制了催化剂的NH_3氧化反应活性,N_2O化学吸附实验也证实了该结论.在所有催化剂中,具有中等铜含量(1.37%)的高硅Cu-SAPO-34样品在低温水处理过程中的Cu^(2+)量和酸性质均得到了较好的保持,所以其水处理后的NH_3-SCR活性衰减最小.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2303401, 2021YFA1201003, 2021YFC2301605, 2022YFC2304100, 2022YFC2304101, 2022YFC0869900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82241066)。
文摘Dear Editor,Mpox(formerly known as monkeypox)is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus(MPXV).Mpox cases have been sporadic over the past few decades,with outbreaks occurring in only a limited number of countries,primarily as a result of imported cases(El Eid et al.,2022;Tan and Gao,2022).
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021ZD0114103)the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2022-4G-30117).
文摘Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major etiological agent of communityacquired pneumonia that accounts for 10%to 40%of communityacquired pneumonia and exhibits distinct cyclic epidemic patterns that recur at 3-to 7-year intervals,[1-4] Nonpharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)that were used by countries worldwide during the pandemic significantly reduced the prevalence of M.pneumoniae.[5]After the lifting of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions,M.pneumoniae gradually grew globally.[6]To provide a better understanding of the growth of M.pneumoniae in 2023,we explored the hazards,incidence,diagnosis,and antibiotic resistance of M.pneumoniae.
基金This work was supported by Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2020-2-1011,2022-1G-3014)High-level Public Health Technical Talents Construction Project(Academic Leader 02-07).
文摘Human astrovirus(HAstV)is one of the main pathogens that cause sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis,sometimes leading to outbreaks.This study aimed to elucidate the epidemiological and etiological character-istics of HAstV outbreaks worldwide.Literature on HAstV outbreaks published before January 2022 was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang,WeiPu,PubMed,and Web of Science databases.Date,region,population,settings,transmission modes,clinical symptoms,and etiological characteristics of the outbreaks were collected and analyzed.Thirty-one articles on 32 HAstV outbreaks reported between November 1978 and October 2018 were included.The outbreaks mainly occurred in autumn(14/32,43.75%),and more of them were reported in 1996,2004,and 2017.Outbreaks were primarily dis-tributed in the Northern Hemisphere and mainly occurred in nursery centers and kindergartens(9/29,31.03%),hospitals(5/29,17.24%),and schools(4/29,13.79%).Viral genotypes were identified during 19 outbreaks,and HAstV-1 was predominant(8/19,42.10%).Eleven outbreaks were caused by mixed infection,and norovirus(9/11,81.82%)and rotavirus(5/11,45.45%)were the most common mixed pathogens.The transmission routes were reported in 9 outbreaks of mixed infection,and most(7/9)were related to water-borne and foodborne transmission.Although HAstV outbreaks are infrequently reported,it is necessary to con-sider HAstV in norovirus-negative gastroenteritis outbreaks.In addition,local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should have the capacity to handle HAstV outbreaks and identify pathogens.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021ZD0114103)the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2022-2G-30115).
文摘Monkeypox (mpox) is a zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus (MPXV) that has been primarily limited to Central and West African nations since its discovery. The recent spread of the West African lineage of MPXV in historically unaffected countries has raised concerns for global public health. Despite a significant decrease in global mpox cases, there is still a risk of a global resurgence. This study reports the first local case of mpox caused by an imported case in the Chinese mainland. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosed the two cases, and the viral genomes were obtained by next-generation sequencing. Genomic analysis revealed that the two strains shared an identical genome sequence and belonged to the B.1.3 branch of the West African lineage, which is the first local case of mpox caused by an imported case in the Chinese mainland, highlighting the potential threat of mpox in China and the immediate need for adequate surveillance measures.
文摘Introduction:Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni)is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and has a major impact on global public health.The objective of the present study was to conduct whole genome sequencing(WGS)to determine the genetic diversity,virulence factors,and determinants of antimicrobial resistance of C.jejuni during a 3-year surveillance period in Beijing,China.Methods:A total of 184 clinical isolates were obtained from sentinel hospital surveillance between 2019 and 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the agar dilution method.WGS was employed to characterize the 184 C.jejuni strains.Results:Multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed high genetic diversity among the 184 C.jejuni strains,identifying 71 sequence types(STs)and 19 clonal complexes(CCs).The most prevalent ST was ST760(6.5%),and the most common CC was CC21(24.5%),consisting of 11 STs.High resistance rates were observed for ciprofloxacin(76.6%),nalidixic acid(76.1%),and tetracycline(71.2%).A total of 77 C.jejuni isolates(41.8%)exhibited multidrug resistance with 43 resistance patterns.Virulome analysis disclosed the differential distribution of virulence factors related to adherence,colonization,chemotaxis,as well as lipooligosaccharide and capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis.Resistome analysis demonstrated widespread resistance to quinolones and tetracycline,but low rates of macrolides resistance.The phylogeny,based on whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms,indicated a high degree of clonality and grouped the C.jejuni strains into six clades.Closely related isolates that were part of a genetic cluster mostly shared a homogenous clonal complex.Conclusions:The present study emphasizes the rising resistance to quinolones and tetracycline,as well as the virulence potential and diverse genotypes identified among C.jejuni strains isolated from diarrheal patients in Beijing.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021ZD0114103)support was also provided by the High-Level Public Health Technical Talent Training Plan(Reference:lingjunrencai-01-02).
文摘The first indigenous incidence of Mpox(previously known as monkeypox)within Chinese mainland was documented in May 2023,with subsequent local and imported cases identified.A comprehensive understanding of the Mpox virus’s(MPXV)characteristics within Beijing remains incomplete.In this study,84 MPXV genomes from 82 local incidents and two imported instances,detected between May and July 2023,were analyzed.All MPXV strains fell within lineage C.1 of the West African clade,displaying limited genetic heterogeneity,encompassing 76–87 nucleotide substitutions and holding nucleotide identities between 99.996%and 100%.Phylogenetic exploration indicated that all genomes exhibited high homology to those presently prevalent in neighboring East Asian and Southeast Asian regions.Forty-six distinct haplotypes were identified among the strains,with 36.90%of genomes corresponding to four common haplotypes,suggesting repeated cross-regional introductions and restrained distribution via recurrent local transmission.These findings elucidate the genetic diversity and phylogenesis of MPXVs during their nascent transmission within Beijing and provide vital information to enhance future Mpox containment strategies.
基金Supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7202073)Key research projects of Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Haidian District Joint Fund(L192012)High Level Public Health Technical Talent Training Plan(Xuekegugan-01-019).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Current research regarding hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)has primarily concentrated on the economic impacts,drawing from retrospective or sentinel hospital-based data.This approach often overlooks cases that were either not consulted or were misdiagnosed.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021ZD0114103).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)continues to evolve,the clinical manifestations resulting from different SARS-CoV-2 variants may demonstrate significant variation.What is added by this report?We conducted a comparative analysis of the clinical features associated with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BF.7.14 and BA.5.2.48 infections.The results of our study indicate that there are no substantial differences in clinical manifestations,duration of illness,healthcare-seeking behaviors,or treatment between these two subvariants.What are the implications for public health practice?Timely identification of alterations in the clinical spectrum is crucial for researchers and healthcare practitioners in order to enhance their comprehension of clinical manifestations,as well as the progression of SARS-CoV-2.Furthermore,this information is beneficial for policymakers in the process of revising and implementing appropriate countermeasures.
基金Funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2021ZD0114103)the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2022-4G-30117)the Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project of Beijing Science and Technology Commission(Z211100002521015 and Z211100002521019).
文摘Introduction:In November 2021,the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron variant was identified as the variant of concern and has since spread globally,replacing other cocirculating variants.To better understand the dynamic changes in viral load over time and the natural history of the virus infection,we analyzed the expression of the open reading frames 1ab(ORF1ab)and nucleocapsid(N)genes in patients infected with Omicron.Methods:We included patients initially admitted to the hospital for SARS-CoV-2 infection between November 5 and December 25,2022.We collected daily oropharyngeal swabs for quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction tests using commercial kits.We depicted the cycle threshold(Ct)values for amplification of ORF1ab and N genes from individual patients in age-specific groups in a time series.Results:A total of 480 inpatients were included in the study,with a median age of 59 years(interquartile range,42 to 78;range,16 to 106).In the<45-year-old age group,the Ct values for ORF1ab and N gene amplification remained below 35 for 9.0 and 11.5 days,respectively.In the≥80-year-old age group,the Ct values for ORF1ab and N genes stayed below 35 for 11.5 and 15.0 days,respectively,which was the longest among all age groups.The Ct values for N gene amplification took longer to rise above 35 than those for ORF1ab gene amplification.Conclusion:The time to test negative varied among different age groups,with viral nucleic acid shedding taking longer in older age groups compared to younger age groups.As a result,the time to resolution of Omicron infection increased with increasing age.
基金Supported by grants from the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130093)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(ZD2021CY001).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?China has repeatedly contained multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)outbreaks through a comprehensive set of targeted nonpharmaceutical interventions(NPIs).However,the effectiveness of such NPIs has not been systematically assessed.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021ZD0114103).
文摘On July 4,2022,the first case of Omicron subvariant BA.5.2 in Beijing Municipality was discovered in Yanqing District.The case was a 49-yearold Chinese male who had arrived in Shanghai Municipality via international flight DL9927 from North Carolina,U.S.on June 15.He stayed in a hotel for the 14-day arrival quarantine and was discharged on June 30.He arrived in Beijing via domestic flight MU5103 on July 1 and was transferred point-to-point from the airport to his residence community in Yanqing District.On July 3,his sample was collected through community mass screening and reported positive in the next morning.The case had received 3 doses of Moderna’s mRNA vaccines in the U.S.,with the last shot on May 26,2022.
基金supported by National Key Scientific and Technology Project(2018ZX10101002-002)National Mega-Projects for Infectious Disease(2018ZX10201002-008-002)the National Natural Science Foundation(NSFC,71934002)。
文摘What is already known about this topic?Plague is an acute infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis(Y.pestis)and is primarily transmitted by rodents.Human can be infected by bites of bacterium-bearing fleas or direct contact with diseased or dead plagueinfected animals.In 2004,the last human plague case was reported in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region due to skinning a dead hare.What is added by this report?This is the first case of pneumonic plague imported into a major city since the founding of the People's Republic of China.Two primary pneumonic plague cases(Patients A and B)found in residents of Inner Mongolia were confirmed in Beijing on November 12,2019.Another case(Patient C)of Y.pestis was identified as bubonic plague on November 14.Patient A most likely became infected from aerosol exposure to infective droplets while digging on his farm,located in an Meriones unguiculatus(M.unguiculatus)natural plague focus.Patient B became infected from contact with Patient A(her husband).Patient C became infected after skinning a dead hare.There was no epidemiological relationship between the Patient A/B and Patient C.What are the implications for public health practice?When epizootic plague is detected,local health-care providers and the public should be alerted about any possible risks.Public education efforts should focus on promoting personal protection measures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801076)the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFA0501800)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20180555)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630641)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines(SKLNMZZCX201802)the“Double First-Class”Project of China Pharmaceutical University(CPU2018GF10)the Jiangsu Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents Program.
文摘Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS),a key sensor of intracellular DNA,is essential for eliciting innate immunity against infection,whereas aberrant activation of cGAS by endogenous DNA promotes severe autoimmune diseases.However,it is largely unknown how cGAS expression is regulated during pathogen infection and autoimmunity.Here,we report that during herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)infection,two microRNAs(miR-23a and miR-23b)whose levels significantly decrease due to their interaction with the lncRNA Oasl2-209 directly regulate the expression of cGAS.Overexpression of miR-23a/b markedly dampens cytosolic DNA-induced innate immune responses,whereas inhibition of miR-23a/b enhances these responses.Mice treated with miR-23a/b agomirs exhibit increased susceptibility to HSV-1 infection.Moreover,cGAS is significantly upregulated in the Trex1^(−/−)mouse autoimmune disease model.Administration of miR-23a/b blunts self DNA-induced autoinflammatory responses in Trex1^(−/−)mice.Collectively,our study not only reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of cGAS expression by miRNAs but also identifies a potential therapy for cGAS-related autoimmune diseases.
基金Funded by The Capital Health Development and Research of Special(2021-1G-3012)Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project(Z201100005420010)and(Z211100002521019)Beijing Talent Project(2020A050,2020A051).
文摘On January 15,2022,a 26 years old female(Case A)went to a sampling site for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)testing due to excessive fatigue and fever for two days.This patient preliminarily tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)using a quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)method.
基金supported by the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(Project No.2021-1G-3012,2022-2G-30115)the Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project of Beijing Science and Technology Commission(Project No.Z211100002521019).
文摘Omicron(B.1.1.529),the fifth variant of concern(VOC)of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2),was firstly identified in November 2021 in South Africa.Omicron contains far more genome mutations than any other VOCs ever found,raising significant concerns about its increased transmissibility and immune evasion.Here,we report the importation of the Omicron variant into Beijing,China,in December 2021.Full‐length genome sequences of five imported strains were obtained,with their genetic features characterized.Each strain contained 57 to 61 nucleotide substitutions,39 deletions,and 9 insertions in the genome.Thirty to thirty‐two amino acid changes were found in the spike proteins of the five strains.The phylogenetic tree constructed by the maximum likelihood method showed that all five imported genomes belonged to Omicron(BA.1)(alias of B.1.1.529.1),which is leading to the current surge of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)cases worldwide.The globally increased COVID‐19 cases driven by the Omicron variant pose a significant challenge to disease prevention and control in China.Continuous viral genetic surveillance and increased testing among international travellers are required to contain this highly contagious variant.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Project No.2017ZX10104001,2018ZX10711001).
文摘After 56 days without coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases,reemergent cases were reported in Beijing,China on June 11,2020.Here,we report the genetic characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)sequenced from the clinical specimens of 4 human cases and 2 environmental samples.The nucleotide similarity among six SARS-CoV-2 genomes ranged from 99.98%to 99.99%.Compared with the reference strain of SARS-CoV-2(GenBank No.NC_045512),all six genome sequences shared the same substitutions at nt241(C→T),nt3037(C→T),nt14408(C→T),nt23403(A→G),nt28881(G→A),nt28882(G→A),and nt28883(G→C),which are the characteristic nucleotide substitutions of L-lineage European branch I.This was also proved by themaximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the full-length genome of SARS-CoV-2.They also have a unique shared nucleotide substitution,nt6026(C→T),which is the characteristic nucleotide substitution of SARS-CoV-2 in Beijing's Xinfadi outbreak.It is noteworthy that there is an amino acid D614Gmutation caused by nt23403 substitution in all six genomes,which may enhance the virus's infectivity in humans and help it become the leading strain of the virus to spread around the world today.It is necessary to continuously monitor the genetic variation of SARS-CoV-2,focusing on the influence of key mutation sites of SARS-CoV-2 on viral transmission,clinical manifestations,severity,and course of disease.
基金National Key Research and Development Programme(2021YFF0306003)Scientific and Technological Innovation 2030(2021ZD0114103).
文摘For a long time,vaccination and herd immunity were considered to be the magic solution for controlling coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the emergence of new variants altered people’s expectations and prolonged the pandemic duration,especially the Omicron strain with substantially increased transmissibility and decreased vaccine efficacy.Therefore,we are in urgent need of a practical solution to resume regular life to some extent,while mitigating COVID-19 risks in the tight race between vaccine rollouts and virus variation.This commentary proposed that bubble strategy(or closed loop management),utilized in Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and to be implemented in Beijing 2022 Winter Games,could serve as a novel technique of nonpharmaceutical interventions in coping with such a situation.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500301)and Viral Center of National Pathogen Resource Center,China CDC(NPRC-32).
文摘Monkey B virus(BV),initially isolated in 1932,is currently designated as Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses(1).BV is an alphaherpesvirus enzootic in macaques of the genus Macaca,normally transmitted horizontally via direct contact and exchange of bodily secretions,just like herpes simplex virus(HSV)in humans.
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Inhalational anthrax,also known as pulmonary anthrax,is an infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis.The patients are usually infected by inhaling aerosolized B.anthracis spores from dead animals or animal products.Compared to cutaneous anthrax,inhalational anthrax is rare and deadly and few cases in China were reported.What is added by this report?This report covers all information of clinical features,laboratory testing,and epidemiological characteristics as well as exposure history of a recent primary inhalational anthrax patient who was seeking medical treatment in Beijing Municipality in August 2021.New laboratory techniques,including second-generation sequencing,polymerase chain reaction,and rapid test for serum antibody,played an important role in the process.What are the implications for public health practice?The information provided in this report,including the correct sample type,epidemiological investigation details,and application of the new diagnostic criteria of anthrax,could assist public health professionals in dealing with anthrax epidemics.
