The Daheishan supergiant porphyry molybdenum deposit(also referred to as the Daheishan deposit)is the second largest molybdenum deposit in Asia and ranks fifth among the top seven molybdenum deposits globally with tot...The Daheishan supergiant porphyry molybdenum deposit(also referred to as the Daheishan deposit)is the second largest molybdenum deposit in Asia and ranks fifth among the top seven molybdenum deposits globally with total molybdenum reserves of 1.65 billion tons,an average molybdenum ore grade of 0.081%,and molybdenum resources of 1.09 million tons.The main ore body is housed in the granodiorite porphyry plutons and their surrounding inequigranular granodiorite plutons,with high-grade ores largely located in the ore-bearing granodiorite porphyries in the middle-upper part of the porphyry plutons.Specifically,it appears as an ore pipe with a large upper part and a small lower part,measuring about 1700 m in length and width,extending for about 500 m vertically,and covering an area of 2.3 km^(2).Mineralogically,the main ore body consists of molybdenite,chalcopyrite,and sphalerite horizontally from its center outward and exhibits molybdenite,azurite,and pyrite vertically from top to bottom.The primary ore minerals include pyrite and molybdenite,and the secondary ore minerals include sphalerite,chalcopyrite,tetrahedrite,and scheelite,with average grades of molybdenum,copper,sulfur,gallium,and rhenium being 0.081%,0.033%,1.67%,0.001%,and 0.0012%,respectively.The ore-forming fluids of the Daheishan deposit originated as the CO_(2)-H_(2)O-NaCl multiphase magmatic fluid system,rich in CO_(2)and bearing minor amounts of CH4,N2,and H2S,and later mixed with meteoric precipitation.In various mineralization stages,the ore-forming fluids had homogenization temperatures of>420℃‒400℃,360℃‒350℃,340℃‒230℃,220℃‒210℃,and 180℃‒160℃and salinities of>41.05%‒9.8%NaCleqv,38.16%‒4.48%NaCleqv,35.78%‒4.49%NaCleqv,7.43%NaCleqv,and 7.8%‒9.5%NaCleqv,respectively.The mineralization of the Daheishan deposit occurred at 186‒167 Ma.The granites closely related to the mineralization include granodiorites(granodiorite porphyries)and monzogranites(monzogranite porphyries),which were mineralized after magmatic evolution(189‒167 Ma).Moreover,these mineralization-related granites exhibit low initial strontium content and high initial neodymium content,indicating that these granites underwent crust-mantle mixing.The Daheishan deposit formed during the Early-Middle Jurassic,during which basaltic magma underplating induced the lower-crust melting,leading to the formation of magma chambers.After the fractional crystallization of magmas,ore-bearing fluids formed.As the temperature and pressure decreased,the ore-bearing fluids boiled drops while ascending,leading to massive unloading of metal elements.Consequently,brecciated and veinlet-disseminated ore bodies formed.展开更多
The reserves of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit(also referred to as the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit)ranks first among the copper deposits in China and 33rd among the porphyry copper deposits in the worl...The reserves of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit(also referred to as the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit)ranks first among the copper deposits in China and 33rd among the porphyry copper deposits in the world.It has proven resources of copper(Cu),molybdenum(Mo),gold(Au),and silver(Ag)of 2.28×10^(6)t,80×10^(3)t,73 t,and 1046 t,respectively.The major characteristics of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit are as follows.It is located in a zone sandwiched by the Siberian,North China,and paleo-Pacific plates in an island arc tectonic setting and was formed by the Paleozoic mineralization and the Mesozoic mineralization induced by superposition and transformation.The metallogenic porphyries are the Middle Hercynian granodiorite porphyries.The alterations of surrounding rocks are distributed in a ring form.With silicified porphyries at the center,the alteration zones of K-feldspar,biotite,sericite,and propylite occur from inside to outside.This deposit is composed of 215 ore bodies(including 14 major ore bodies)in four mineralized zones.Ore body No.X in the No.3 mineralized zone has the largest resource reserves,accounting for more than 78%of the total reserves of the deposit.Major ore components include Cu,Mo,Au,Ag,Se,and Ga,which have an average content of 0.46%,0.015%,0.16 g/t,1.22 g/t,0.0003%,and 0.001%-0.003%,respectively.The ore minerals of this deposit primarily include pyrite,chalcopyrite,bornite,and molybdenite,followed by magnetite,hematite,rutile,gelenite,and sphalerite.The ore-forming fluids of this deposit were magmatic water in the early metallogenic stage and then the mixture of meteoric water and magmatic water at the late metallogenic stage.The ore-forming fluids experienced three stages.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅠhad a hydrochemical type of H_(2)O-CO_(2)-Na Cl,an ore-forming temperature of 375-650℃,and ore-forming pressure of 110-160 MPa.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅡhad a hydrochemical type of H_(2)O-CO_(2)-Na Cl,an ore-forming temperature of 310-350℃,and ore-forming pressure of 58-80 MPa.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅢhad a hydrochemical type of Na Cl-H_(2)O,an ore-forming temperature of 210-290℃,and ore-forming pressure of 5-12 MPa.The CuAu-Mo-Ag mineralization mainly occurred at stagesⅠandⅡ,with the ore-forming materials having a mixed crust-mantle source.The Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit was formed in the initial subduction environment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate during the Early Ordovician.Then,due to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and the subduction and compression of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean,a composite orogenic metallogenic model of the deposit was formed.In other words,it is a porphyry-epithermal copper-gold polymetallic mineralization system of composite orogeny consisting of Paleozoic island arcs and Mesozoic orogeny and extension.展开更多
The Riodinidae is one of the lepidopteran butterfly families. This study describes the complete mitochondrial genome of the butterfly species Abisara fylloides, the first mitochondrial genome of the Riodinidae family....The Riodinidae is one of the lepidopteran butterfly families. This study describes the complete mitochondrial genome of the butterfly species Abisara fylloides, the first mitochondrial genome of the Riodinidae family. The results show that the entire mitochondrial genome of A. fylloides is 15 301 bp in length, and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22transfer RNA genes and a 423 bp A+T-rich region. The gene content, orientation and order are identical to the majority of other lepidopteran insects. Phylogenetic reconstruction was conducted using the concatenated 13 protein-coding gene(PCG) sequences of19 available butterfly species covering all the five butterfly families(Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Peridae, Lycaenidae and Riodinidae). Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses highly supported the monophyly of Lycaenidae+Riodinidae,which was standing as the sister of Nymphalidae. In addition, we propose that the riodinids be categorized into the family Lycaenidae as a subfamilial taxon.展开更多
This paper presents a neutronics design of a 10 MW ordered-pebble-bed fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature experimental reactor. Through delicate layout, a core with ordered arranged pebble bed can be formed,which ca...This paper presents a neutronics design of a 10 MW ordered-pebble-bed fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature experimental reactor. Through delicate layout, a core with ordered arranged pebble bed can be formed,which can keep core stability and meet the space requirements for thermal hydraulics and neutronics measurements.Overall, objectives of the core include inherent safety and sufficient excess reactivity providing 120 effective full power days for experiments. Considering the requirements above, the reactive control system is designed to consist of 16 control rods distributed in the graphite reflector. Combining the large control rods worth about 18000–20000 pcm, molten salt drain supplementary means(-6980 to -3651 pcm) and negative temperature coefficient(-6.32 to -3.80 pcm/K) feedback of the whole core, the reactor can realize sufficient shutdown margin and safety under steady state. Besides, some main physical properties, such as reactivity control, neutron spectrum and flux, power density distribution, and reactivity coefficient,have been calculated and analyzed in this study. In addition, some special problems in molten salt coolant are also considered, including ~6Li depletion and tritium production.展开更多
2H-MoS_(2) is a well-studied and promising non-noble metal electrocatalyst for heterogeneous reactions,such as the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The performance is largely limited by the chemically inert basal plan...2H-MoS_(2) is a well-studied and promising non-noble metal electrocatalyst for heterogeneous reactions,such as the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The performance is largely limited by the chemically inert basal plane,which is unfavorable for surface adsorption and reactions.Herein,we report a facile method to boost the HER activities of 2H-MoS_(2) by coupling with epitaxial Bi2Te3 topological insulator films.The as-obtained MoS_(2)/Bi2Te3/SrTiO3 catalyst exhibits prominent HER catalytic activities compared to that of pure MoS_(2) structures,with a 189 mV decrease in the overpotential required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2) and a low Tafel slope of 58 mV dec−1.Theoretical investigations suggest that the enhanced catalytic activity originates from the charge redistribution at the interface between the Bi2Te3topological insulator films and the MoS_(2) layer.The delocalized sp-derived topological surface states could denote electrons to the MoS_(2) layer and activate the basal plane for hydrogen adsorption.This study demonstrates the potential of manipulating topological surface states to design high-performance electrocatalysts.展开更多
In the present study,we report the first complete mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of the Painted Jezebel,Delias hyparete.The mitogenome of Delias hyparete is 15186 bp in length,and has typical sets of 37 genes:13 prot...In the present study,we report the first complete mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of the Painted Jezebel,Delias hyparete.The mitogenome of Delias hyparete is 15186 bp in length,and has typical sets of 37 genes:13 protein-coding genes(PCGs),2 ribosomal RNAs,22 transfer RNAs and a non-coding A+T-rich region.All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATN codons,except for COI,which is tentatively designated by the CGA codon,as observed in other butterfly species.A total of 10 PCGs harbored the complete termination codon TAA or TAG,while the COI,COII and ND5 genes ended at a single T residue.All 22 tRNA genes show typical clover structures,with the exception of the tRNASer(AGN)which lacks the dihydrouridine(DHU)stem and is instead replaced by a simple loop.Thirteen intergenic spacers totaling 153 bp,and 13 overlapping regions totaling 46 bp are scattered throughout the whole genome.The 377 bp long of D.hyparete A+T-rich region is not comprised of large repetitive sequences,but harbors several features characteristic of the lepidopteran insects,including the motif ATAGA followed by an 18 bp poly-T stretch,a microsatellite-like(AT)5 element preceded by the ATTTA motif,an 10 bp polyA-like stretch(AAAAATAAAA)present immediately upstream tRNAMet.展开更多
[Objective]The research aimed to evaluate vulnerability of the lightning disaster in Guizhou and conduct zoning. [Method]According to data of the lightning monitoring network and statistical data of the lightning disa...[Objective]The research aimed to evaluate vulnerability of the lightning disaster in Guizhou and conduct zoning. [Method]According to data of the lightning monitoring network and statistical data of the lightning disaster in Guizhou during 2007-2012,by combining economy and population situations in 9 cities of Guizhou,6 indicators were used to assess vulnerability of the lightning disaster: CG lightning intensity,strong CG lightning intensity,annual average occurrence frequency of the lightning disaster,GDP per capita,population intensity and casualties frequency. By constructing principal component,determining weighing and comprehensive assessment,vulnerability grade of the lightning disaster in Guizhou was divided. [Result]Guiyang was extremely high vulnerability zone,high vulnerability zone included Zunyi,Bijie and Liupanshui,moderate vulnerability zone included Anshun,Tongren and Qianxinan,Qiannan was low vulnerability zone,and Qiandongnan was extremely low vulnerability zone. Vulnerability distribution boundary of the lightning disaster in Guizhou was along northeast to southwest,and vulnerability of the lightning disaster gradually weakened from northwest to southeast. [Conclusion]The research provided scientific basis for preventing lightning disaster and reducing damage of the lightning disaster.展开更多
Polynary transition-metal layered hydroxides are promising energy materials owing to their unique architecture,impressive theoretical capacities,and adjustable compositions.Regulating the dimensional morphology and ac...Polynary transition-metal layered hydroxides are promising energy materials owing to their unique architecture,impressive theoretical capacities,and adjustable compositions.Regulating the dimensional morphology and active sites/redox states are the keys to electrochemical performance enhancement.Distinguish from the reported mono-metal or binary-metal configurations,a new ternary-metal AlCoNi-LTH is coanchored onto a highly graphitized porous N-doped carbon matrix to develop superior 3D hierarchical microporous functional energy hybrids AlCoNi-LTHs/NAC.The constructed hybrids possess superior structural durability,good electrical conductivity,and rich active sites due to the strong interfacial conjunction and favorable synergistic effect between the doped porous carbon and AlCoNi nanosheets.Consequently,the AlCoNi-LTHs/NAC hybrids demonstrate high conductivity,reasonable specific surface area,and superior specific capacitance,and the assembled hybrid battery-type supercapacitor reveals an ideal energy density of 72.6 Wh kg^(-1)at a power density of 625 W kg^(-1),which is superior to the reported devices.This strategy opens a platform to rationally design polynary transition-metal layered hydroxides and their hybrids for efficient supercapacitors.展开更多
The Riodinidae is one of the lepidopteran butterfly families.This study describes the complete mitochondrial genome of the butterfly species Abisara fylloides,the first mitochondrial genome of the Riodinidae family.Th...The Riodinidae is one of the lepidopteran butterfly families.This study describes the complete mitochondrial genome of the butterfly species Abisara fylloides,the first mitochondrial genome of the Riodinidae family.The results show that the entire mitochondrial genome of A.fylloides is 15301 bp in length,and contains 13 protein-coding genes,2 ribosomal RNA genes,22 transfer RNA genes and a 423 bp A+T-rich region.The gene content,orientation and order are identical to the majority of other lepidopteran insects.Phylogenetic reconstruction was conducted using the concatenated 13 protein-coding gene(PCG)sequences of 19 available butterfly species covering all the five butterfly families(Papilionidae,Nymphalidae,Peridae,Lycaenidae and Riodinidae).Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses highly supported the monophyly of Lycaenidae+Riodinidae,which was standing as the sister of Nymphalidae.In addition,we propose that the riodinids be categorized into the family Lycaenidae as a subfamilial taxon.展开更多
A novel sunflower-like nanocomposite of SrCo_(2)S_(4)nanoflakes and functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes(f-MWCNTs)entanglement enveloped in nitrogen-reduced graphene oxide(N-RGO)is prepared by a cheap process.The...A novel sunflower-like nanocomposite of SrCo_(2)S_(4)nanoflakes and functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes(f-MWCNTs)entanglement enveloped in nitrogen-reduced graphene oxide(N-RGO)is prepared by a cheap process.The unique entanglement structure of the material exhibits higher specific surface area,better electrical conductivity and other properties.This helps to reduce the transfer resistance in the photoelectric process of the battery and improve the electrochemical activity,thus increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery.The new ternary cobalt-based sulfide material can replace platinum as the counter electrode(CE)material loaded on dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs).DSSCs with SrCo_(2)S_(4)@f-MWCNTs@N-RGO(SCS@f-M@N-R)as CE material show excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE,8.06%),even surpassing than that of Pt CE material(7.51%).The low cost,excellent electrocatalytic performance and simple preparation method of SCS@f-M@N-R nanomaterial provide feasibility for replacing platinum material as the CE material of DSSCs,which is of great significance and persuasion.展开更多
As a distributed computing platform, Hadoop provides an effective way to handle big data. In Hadoop, the completion time of job will be delayed by a straggler. Although the definitive cause of the straggler is hard to...As a distributed computing platform, Hadoop provides an effective way to handle big data. In Hadoop, the completion time of job will be delayed by a straggler. Although the definitive cause of the straggler is hard to detect, speculative execution is usually used for dealing with this problem, by simply backing up those stragglers on alternative nodes. In this paper, we design a new Speculative Execution algorithm based on C4.5 Decision Tree, SECDT, for Hadoop. In SECDT, we speculate completion time of stragglers and also of backup tasks, based on a kind of decision tree method: C4.5 decision tree. After we speculate the completion time, we compare the completion time of stragglers and of the backup tasks, calculating their differential value, and selecting the straggler with the maximum differential value to start the backup task.Experiment result shows that the SECDT can predict execution time more accurately than other speculative execution methods, hence reduce the job completion time.展开更多
Although root nodules are essential for biological nitrogen fixation in legumes,the cell types and molecular regulatory mechanisms contributing to nodule development and nitrogen fixation in determinate nodule legumes...Although root nodules are essential for biological nitrogen fixation in legumes,the cell types and molecular regulatory mechanisms contributing to nodule development and nitrogen fixation in determinate nodule legumes,such as soybean(Glycine max),remain incompletely understood.Here,we generated a single-nucleus resolution transcriptomic atlas of soybean roots and nodules at 14 days post inoculation(dpi)and annotated 17 major cell types,including six that are specific to nodules.We identified the specific cell types responsible for each step in the ureides synthesis pathway,which enables spatial compartmentalization of biochemical reactions during soybean nitrogen fixation.By utilizing RNA velocity analysis,we reconstructed the differentiation dynamics of soybean nodules,which differs from those of indeterminate nodules in Medicago truncatula.Moreover,we identified several putative regulators of soybean nodulation and two of these genes,GmbHLH93 and GmSCL1,were as-yet uncharacterized in soybean.Overexpression of each gene in soybean hairy root systems validated their respective roles in nodulation.Notably,enrichment for cytokinin-related genes in soybean nodules led to identification of the cytokinin receptor,GmCRE1,as a prominent component of the nodulation pathway.GmCRE1 knockout in soybean resulted in a striking nodule phenotype with decreased nitrogen fixation zone and depletion of leghemoglobins,accompanied by downregulation of nodule-specific gene expression,as well as almost complete abrogation of biological nitrogen fixation.In summary,this study provides a comprehensive perspective of the cellular landscape during soybean nodulation,shedding light on the underlying metabolic and developmental mechanisms of soybean nodule formation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1(hnRNPA1)has been reported to enhance the Warburg effect and promote colon cancer(CC)cell proliferation,but the role and mechanism of the miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in ...BACKGROUND Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1(hnRNPA1)has been reported to enhance the Warburg effect and promote colon cancer(CC)cell proliferation,but the role and mechanism of the miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in CC have not yet been elucidated.AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of a novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in enhancing the Warburg effect and promoting CC cell proliferation through the PI3K/AKT pathway.METHODS Paraffin-embedded pathological sections from 220 CC patients were collected and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression of hnRNPA1-b.The relationship between the expression values and the clinicopathological features of the patients was investigated.Differences in mRNA expression were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,while differences in protein expression were analyzed using western blot.Cell proliferation was evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine assays,and cell cycle and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometric assays.The targeted binding of miR-490-3p to hnRNPA1-b was validated using a dual luciferase reporter assay.The Warburg effect was evaluated by glucose uptake and lactic acid production assays.RESULTS The expression of hnRNPA1-b was significantly increased in CC tissues and cells compared to normal controls(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical results demonstrated significant variations in the expression of the hnRNPA1-b antigen in different stages of CC,including stage I,II-III,and IV.Furthermore,the clinicopathologic characterization revealed a significant correlation between hnRNPA1-b expression and clinical stage as well as T classification.HnRNPA1-b was found to enhance the Warburg effect through the PI3K/AKT pathway,thereby promoting proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells.However,the proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells was inhibited when miR-490-3p targeted and bound to hnRNPA1-b,effectively blocking the Warburg effect.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis could provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of CC.展开更多
铝基非晶合金具有密度低、强度高、耐腐蚀等诸多优异性能;然而,铝基非晶合金形成能力差,一般需要非常高的冷却速率,这限制了铝基非晶合金的应用.玻璃形成理论认为形成能力与过冷液体密切相关.但在一般升温测量时,铝基非晶合金不显示玻...铝基非晶合金具有密度低、强度高、耐腐蚀等诸多优异性能;然而,铝基非晶合金形成能力差,一般需要非常高的冷却速率,这限制了铝基非晶合金的应用.玻璃形成理论认为形成能力与过冷液体密切相关.但在一般升温测量时,铝基非晶合金不显示玻璃转变或过冷液体,而是直接变成晶态.目前为止,关于铝基非晶合金的玻璃转变和过冷液体属性仍然是未知的.本文采用超快速差热分析方法(Flash DSC)使得升温速度达到10000 K s^-1,测量了20余种常见铝基非晶合金的玻璃转变行为和过冷液体特征.发现铝基非晶合金普遍具有很高的液体脆度系数(m),其中某些成分m>160,已经接近理论上预测的脆度系数上限m^175.通过系统研究这些成分的形成能力,发现铝基非晶合金的玻璃形成能力与脆度系数成反相关,而且这种相关不是线性的.只有m<100时,降低m才会对玻璃形成能力有明显影响;相反, m>100的玻璃形成力普遍较弱,而且随m变化不显著.因此,过高的液体脆度系数可能是铝基非晶合金形成能力差的一个重要原因.展开更多
Recently N-glycosylation was found to be required for the postembryonic development and metamorphosis of the holometabolous beetle Tribolium castaneum. However, the role of N-glycosylation in the development of hemime...Recently N-glycosylation was found to be required for the postembryonic development and metamorphosis of the holometabolous beetle Tribolium castaneum. However, the role of N-glycosylation in the development of hemimetabolous insects is unknown. To further elucidate the role of N-glycosylation in the development of insects, a functional characterization of the N-glycosylation-related genes (NGRGs) was performed in a model insect for hemimetabolous development, namely the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. In this project, we report the effects of RNAi-mediated silencing of 15 NGRGs on the postembryonic development of N. lugens. Two major observations were made. First, interruption of the early steps of N-glycan processing led to a lethal phenotype during the transition from nymph to adult as was observed in T. castaneum. Second, we report here on an essential function for the α-1,6-fucosyl transferase in the ecdysis event of N. lugens between nymphal instars, since gene-silencing by RNAi led to failure of ecdysis and subsequent mortality of the treated insect.展开更多
Remarkable diversity is observed in dislocation interactions that are responsible for intermittent and sudden crystal slips.While large crystal slips can be easily observed on the surface of deformed crystals,unraveli...Remarkable diversity is observed in dislocation interactions that are responsible for intermittent and sudden crystal slips.While large crystal slips can be easily observed on the surface of deformed crystals,unraveling the underlying dislocation interaction mechanisms,however,has been a longstanding challenge in the study of single-crystal plasticity.A recent study demonstrated that the sluggish dislocation dynamics in the high entropy alloy(HEA)of Al_(0.1)CoCrFeNi enables the observation of slip bands for a direct link to dislocation avalanches in a nanopillar.Here,we further examined the dislocation structure of slip bands in the HEA nanopillars oriented for single slip.Experimental evidence was provided on the dislocation organization in a slip band based on groups of primary dislocations,secondary dislocations,and dislocation pileups.The results were compared with the previously proposed slip band models.The unique aspects of the HEA that enable such observations were also investigated through an examination of the dislocation microstructure and its response to applied forces in the HEA nanopillars.展开更多
基金This study was jointly funded by a project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42102087)a project of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712966)a key special project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021QZKK0304).
文摘The Daheishan supergiant porphyry molybdenum deposit(also referred to as the Daheishan deposit)is the second largest molybdenum deposit in Asia and ranks fifth among the top seven molybdenum deposits globally with total molybdenum reserves of 1.65 billion tons,an average molybdenum ore grade of 0.081%,and molybdenum resources of 1.09 million tons.The main ore body is housed in the granodiorite porphyry plutons and their surrounding inequigranular granodiorite plutons,with high-grade ores largely located in the ore-bearing granodiorite porphyries in the middle-upper part of the porphyry plutons.Specifically,it appears as an ore pipe with a large upper part and a small lower part,measuring about 1700 m in length and width,extending for about 500 m vertically,and covering an area of 2.3 km^(2).Mineralogically,the main ore body consists of molybdenite,chalcopyrite,and sphalerite horizontally from its center outward and exhibits molybdenite,azurite,and pyrite vertically from top to bottom.The primary ore minerals include pyrite and molybdenite,and the secondary ore minerals include sphalerite,chalcopyrite,tetrahedrite,and scheelite,with average grades of molybdenum,copper,sulfur,gallium,and rhenium being 0.081%,0.033%,1.67%,0.001%,and 0.0012%,respectively.The ore-forming fluids of the Daheishan deposit originated as the CO_(2)-H_(2)O-NaCl multiphase magmatic fluid system,rich in CO_(2)and bearing minor amounts of CH4,N2,and H2S,and later mixed with meteoric precipitation.In various mineralization stages,the ore-forming fluids had homogenization temperatures of>420℃‒400℃,360℃‒350℃,340℃‒230℃,220℃‒210℃,and 180℃‒160℃and salinities of>41.05%‒9.8%NaCleqv,38.16%‒4.48%NaCleqv,35.78%‒4.49%NaCleqv,7.43%NaCleqv,and 7.8%‒9.5%NaCleqv,respectively.The mineralization of the Daheishan deposit occurred at 186‒167 Ma.The granites closely related to the mineralization include granodiorites(granodiorite porphyries)and monzogranites(monzogranite porphyries),which were mineralized after magmatic evolution(189‒167 Ma).Moreover,these mineralization-related granites exhibit low initial strontium content and high initial neodymium content,indicating that these granites underwent crust-mantle mixing.The Daheishan deposit formed during the Early-Middle Jurassic,during which basaltic magma underplating induced the lower-crust melting,leading to the formation of magma chambers.After the fractional crystallization of magmas,ore-bearing fluids formed.As the temperature and pressure decreased,the ore-bearing fluids boiled drops while ascending,leading to massive unloading of metal elements.Consequently,brecciated and veinlet-disseminated ore bodies formed.
基金funded by the National Scientific and Technological Basic Resources Investigation Program(2022FY101800)a project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42102087)+1 种基金a project of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M712966)a major project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2021QZKK0304)。
文摘The reserves of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit(also referred to as the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit)ranks first among the copper deposits in China and 33rd among the porphyry copper deposits in the world.It has proven resources of copper(Cu),molybdenum(Mo),gold(Au),and silver(Ag)of 2.28×10^(6)t,80×10^(3)t,73 t,and 1046 t,respectively.The major characteristics of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit are as follows.It is located in a zone sandwiched by the Siberian,North China,and paleo-Pacific plates in an island arc tectonic setting and was formed by the Paleozoic mineralization and the Mesozoic mineralization induced by superposition and transformation.The metallogenic porphyries are the Middle Hercynian granodiorite porphyries.The alterations of surrounding rocks are distributed in a ring form.With silicified porphyries at the center,the alteration zones of K-feldspar,biotite,sericite,and propylite occur from inside to outside.This deposit is composed of 215 ore bodies(including 14 major ore bodies)in four mineralized zones.Ore body No.X in the No.3 mineralized zone has the largest resource reserves,accounting for more than 78%of the total reserves of the deposit.Major ore components include Cu,Mo,Au,Ag,Se,and Ga,which have an average content of 0.46%,0.015%,0.16 g/t,1.22 g/t,0.0003%,and 0.001%-0.003%,respectively.The ore minerals of this deposit primarily include pyrite,chalcopyrite,bornite,and molybdenite,followed by magnetite,hematite,rutile,gelenite,and sphalerite.The ore-forming fluids of this deposit were magmatic water in the early metallogenic stage and then the mixture of meteoric water and magmatic water at the late metallogenic stage.The ore-forming fluids experienced three stages.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅠhad a hydrochemical type of H_(2)O-CO_(2)-Na Cl,an ore-forming temperature of 375-650℃,and ore-forming pressure of 110-160 MPa.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅡhad a hydrochemical type of H_(2)O-CO_(2)-Na Cl,an ore-forming temperature of 310-350℃,and ore-forming pressure of 58-80 MPa.The ore-forming fluids of stageⅢhad a hydrochemical type of Na Cl-H_(2)O,an ore-forming temperature of 210-290℃,and ore-forming pressure of 5-12 MPa.The CuAu-Mo-Ag mineralization mainly occurred at stagesⅠandⅡ,with the ore-forming materials having a mixed crust-mantle source.The Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit was formed in the initial subduction environment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate during the Early Ordovician.Then,due to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and the subduction and compression of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean,a composite orogenic metallogenic model of the deposit was formed.In other words,it is a porphyry-epithermal copper-gold polymetallic mineralization system of composite orogeny consisting of Paleozoic island arcs and Mesozoic orogeny and extension.
基金This study is financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （grant nos. 40221301, 40634022, and 40572118） and Ministry of Education in China （grant nos. 306007 and 20060284008）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41172004)Provincial Key Projects of the Natural Science Foundation in the Colleges of Anhui province(KJ2010A142)+1 种基金Opening Funds from the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(104143)the Program for Innovative Research Teams in Anhui Normal University
文摘The Riodinidae is one of the lepidopteran butterfly families. This study describes the complete mitochondrial genome of the butterfly species Abisara fylloides, the first mitochondrial genome of the Riodinidae family. The results show that the entire mitochondrial genome of A. fylloides is 15 301 bp in length, and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22transfer RNA genes and a 423 bp A+T-rich region. The gene content, orientation and order are identical to the majority of other lepidopteran insects. Phylogenetic reconstruction was conducted using the concatenated 13 protein-coding gene(PCG) sequences of19 available butterfly species covering all the five butterfly families(Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Peridae, Lycaenidae and Riodinidae). Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses highly supported the monophyly of Lycaenidae+Riodinidae,which was standing as the sister of Nymphalidae. In addition, we propose that the riodinids be categorized into the family Lycaenidae as a subfamilial taxon.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences TMSR Strategic Pioneer Science and Technology Project(No.XDA02010000)Thorium uranium fuel cycle characteristics and key problem research Project(No.QYZDY-SSW-JSC016)
文摘This paper presents a neutronics design of a 10 MW ordered-pebble-bed fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature experimental reactor. Through delicate layout, a core with ordered arranged pebble bed can be formed,which can keep core stability and meet the space requirements for thermal hydraulics and neutronics measurements.Overall, objectives of the core include inherent safety and sufficient excess reactivity providing 120 effective full power days for experiments. Considering the requirements above, the reactive control system is designed to consist of 16 control rods distributed in the graphite reflector. Combining the large control rods worth about 18000–20000 pcm, molten salt drain supplementary means(-6980 to -3651 pcm) and negative temperature coefficient(-6.32 to -3.80 pcm/K) feedback of the whole core, the reactor can realize sufficient shutdown margin and safety under steady state. Besides, some main physical properties, such as reactivity control, neutron spectrum and flux, power density distribution, and reactivity coefficient,have been calculated and analyzed in this study. In addition, some special problems in molten salt coolant are also considered, including ~6Li depletion and tritium production.
基金Foundation items： This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China （Grant No.41172004）, the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams, Chinese Academy of Sciences （Grant No. KZCX22YW2JC104）, and the Opening Funds from the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences （Grant No. 104143）
基金This work was financially supported by the European Research Council(ERC Advanced Grant No.291472'Idea Heusler1)and the ERC Advanced Grant(No.742068)TOPMAT.K.C.was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12074038)J.H.and S.P.were supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)No.314790414.
文摘2H-MoS_(2) is a well-studied and promising non-noble metal electrocatalyst for heterogeneous reactions,such as the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).The performance is largely limited by the chemically inert basal plane,which is unfavorable for surface adsorption and reactions.Herein,we report a facile method to boost the HER activities of 2H-MoS_(2) by coupling with epitaxial Bi2Te3 topological insulator films.The as-obtained MoS_(2)/Bi2Te3/SrTiO3 catalyst exhibits prominent HER catalytic activities compared to that of pure MoS_(2) structures,with a 189 mV decrease in the overpotential required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm^(−2) and a low Tafel slope of 58 mV dec−1.Theoretical investigations suggest that the enhanced catalytic activity originates from the charge redistribution at the interface between the Bi2Te3topological insulator films and the MoS_(2) layer.The delocalized sp-derived topological surface states could denote electrons to the MoS_(2) layer and activate the basal plane for hydrogen adsorption.This study demonstrates the potential of manipulating topological surface states to design high-performance electrocatalysts.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41172004)the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX22YW2JC104)the Opening Funds from the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.104143)。
文摘In the present study,we report the first complete mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of the Painted Jezebel,Delias hyparete.The mitogenome of Delias hyparete is 15186 bp in length,and has typical sets of 37 genes:13 protein-coding genes(PCGs),2 ribosomal RNAs,22 transfer RNAs and a non-coding A+T-rich region.All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATN codons,except for COI,which is tentatively designated by the CGA codon,as observed in other butterfly species.A total of 10 PCGs harbored the complete termination codon TAA or TAG,while the COI,COII and ND5 genes ended at a single T residue.All 22 tRNA genes show typical clover structures,with the exception of the tRNASer(AGN)which lacks the dihydrouridine(DHU)stem and is instead replaced by a simple loop.Thirteen intergenic spacers totaling 153 bp,and 13 overlapping regions totaling 46 bp are scattered throughout the whole genome.The 377 bp long of D.hyparete A+T-rich region is not comprised of large repetitive sequences,but harbors several features characteristic of the lepidopteran insects,including the motif ATAGA followed by an 18 bp poly-T stretch,a microsatellite-like(AT)5 element preceded by the ATTTA motif,an 10 bp polyA-like stretch(AAAAATAAAA)present immediately upstream tRNAMet.
基金Supported by Youth Fund Item of Guizhou Meteorological Bureau(Qianqikehe QN[2012]13)
文摘[Objective]The research aimed to evaluate vulnerability of the lightning disaster in Guizhou and conduct zoning. [Method]According to data of the lightning monitoring network and statistical data of the lightning disaster in Guizhou during 2007-2012,by combining economy and population situations in 9 cities of Guizhou,6 indicators were used to assess vulnerability of the lightning disaster: CG lightning intensity,strong CG lightning intensity,annual average occurrence frequency of the lightning disaster,GDP per capita,population intensity and casualties frequency. By constructing principal component,determining weighing and comprehensive assessment,vulnerability grade of the lightning disaster in Guizhou was divided. [Result]Guiyang was extremely high vulnerability zone,high vulnerability zone included Zunyi,Bijie and Liupanshui,moderate vulnerability zone included Anshun,Tongren and Qianxinan,Qiannan was low vulnerability zone,and Qiandongnan was extremely low vulnerability zone. Vulnerability distribution boundary of the lightning disaster in Guizhou was along northeast to southwest,and vulnerability of the lightning disaster gradually weakened from northwest to southeast. [Conclusion]The research provided scientific basis for preventing lightning disaster and reducing damage of the lightning disaster.
基金financial support from the Chang Jiang Scholars Program(51073047)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773049)+5 种基金the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation-Harbin Institute of Technology Joint Center for Technology Innovation Fund(HIT15-1A01)the Harbin city science and technology projects(2013DB4BP031 and RC2014QN017035)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HIT.OCEF.2021028)the Natural Science Funds of Heilongjiang Province(ZD2019B001)the Heilongjiang Touyan Team(HITTY-20190033)the funds from Chongqing Research Institute of HIT。
文摘Polynary transition-metal layered hydroxides are promising energy materials owing to their unique architecture,impressive theoretical capacities,and adjustable compositions.Regulating the dimensional morphology and active sites/redox states are the keys to electrochemical performance enhancement.Distinguish from the reported mono-metal or binary-metal configurations,a new ternary-metal AlCoNi-LTH is coanchored onto a highly graphitized porous N-doped carbon matrix to develop superior 3D hierarchical microporous functional energy hybrids AlCoNi-LTHs/NAC.The constructed hybrids possess superior structural durability,good electrical conductivity,and rich active sites due to the strong interfacial conjunction and favorable synergistic effect between the doped porous carbon and AlCoNi nanosheets.Consequently,the AlCoNi-LTHs/NAC hybrids demonstrate high conductivity,reasonable specific surface area,and superior specific capacitance,and the assembled hybrid battery-type supercapacitor reveals an ideal energy density of 72.6 Wh kg^(-1)at a power density of 625 W kg^(-1),which is superior to the reported devices.This strategy opens a platform to rationally design polynary transition-metal layered hydroxides and their hybrids for efficient supercapacitors.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41172004)Provincial Key Projects of the Natural Science Foundation in the Colleges of Anhui province(KJ2010A142)+1 种基金Opening Funds from the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(104143)the Program for Innovative Research Teams in Anhui Normal University。
文摘The Riodinidae is one of the lepidopteran butterfly families.This study describes the complete mitochondrial genome of the butterfly species Abisara fylloides,the first mitochondrial genome of the Riodinidae family.The results show that the entire mitochondrial genome of A.fylloides is 15301 bp in length,and contains 13 protein-coding genes,2 ribosomal RNA genes,22 transfer RNA genes and a 423 bp A+T-rich region.The gene content,orientation and order are identical to the majority of other lepidopteran insects.Phylogenetic reconstruction was conducted using the concatenated 13 protein-coding gene(PCG)sequences of 19 available butterfly species covering all the five butterfly families(Papilionidae,Nymphalidae,Peridae,Lycaenidae and Riodinidae).Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses highly supported the monophyly of Lycaenidae+Riodinidae,which was standing as the sister of Nymphalidae.In addition,we propose that the riodinids be categorized into the family Lycaenidae as a subfamilial taxon.
基金The 0rganizing and Executive Committees of IPC2006 would like to thank all the sponsors who provided financial and professional support, including China Association for Science and Technology （CAST）, Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC）, International Palaeontologiclal Association （IPA）, International Union of Geological Sciences （IUGS） and Geological Society of China （GSC）. We greatly appreciate the efforts of the co-organizers from China University of Geosciences （Wuhan and Beijing）, State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy （Nanjing, NIGPAS）, Research Center of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, Jilin University, China Geological Survey （CGS）, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing Natural history Museum, China Museum of Geology, Northwest University （Xi＇an） and China Dinosaur Park （Changzhou）. Special thanks are due to the University of Science and Technology of China Press for publishing the special volume of the congress abstracts over a very short time frame.
We also would like to express our thanks to the young staff, graduate students and volunteers from Peking University, Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology, CAS, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS, for providing excellent service in the preparation stages and duration of the congress.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11674001)National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0403503)+3 种基金Open fund for Discipline Construction,Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1708085MA07,1708085QE116)Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology(S01003103,Anhui University)the Doctoral research start-up funds projects of Anhui University(J01003201)the Key Natural Science Research Program of Anhui Educational Committee(KJ2018ZD001).
文摘A novel sunflower-like nanocomposite of SrCo_(2)S_(4)nanoflakes and functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes(f-MWCNTs)entanglement enveloped in nitrogen-reduced graphene oxide(N-RGO)is prepared by a cheap process.The unique entanglement structure of the material exhibits higher specific surface area,better electrical conductivity and other properties.This helps to reduce the transfer resistance in the photoelectric process of the battery and improve the electrochemical activity,thus increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery.The new ternary cobalt-based sulfide material can replace platinum as the counter electrode(CE)material loaded on dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs).DSSCs with SrCo_(2)S_(4)@f-MWCNTs@N-RGO(SCS@f-M@N-R)as CE material show excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE,8.06%),even surpassing than that of Pt CE material(7.51%).The low cost,excellent electrocatalytic performance and simple preparation method of SCS@f-M@N-R nanomaterial provide feasibility for replacing platinum material as the CE material of DSSCs,which is of great significance and persuasion.
文摘As a distributed computing platform, Hadoop provides an effective way to handle big data. In Hadoop, the completion time of job will be delayed by a straggler. Although the definitive cause of the straggler is hard to detect, speculative execution is usually used for dealing with this problem, by simply backing up those stragglers on alternative nodes. In this paper, we design a new Speculative Execution algorithm based on C4.5 Decision Tree, SECDT, for Hadoop. In SECDT, we speculate completion time of stragglers and also of backup tasks, based on a kind of decision tree method: C4.5 decision tree. After we speculate the completion time, we compare the completion time of stragglers and of the backup tasks, calculating their differential value, and selecting the straggler with the maximum differential value to start the backup task.Experiment result shows that the SECDT can predict execution time more accurately than other speculative execution methods, hence reduce the job completion time.
基金supported by the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-011)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000103)。
文摘Although root nodules are essential for biological nitrogen fixation in legumes,the cell types and molecular regulatory mechanisms contributing to nodule development and nitrogen fixation in determinate nodule legumes,such as soybean(Glycine max),remain incompletely understood.Here,we generated a single-nucleus resolution transcriptomic atlas of soybean roots and nodules at 14 days post inoculation(dpi)and annotated 17 major cell types,including six that are specific to nodules.We identified the specific cell types responsible for each step in the ureides synthesis pathway,which enables spatial compartmentalization of biochemical reactions during soybean nitrogen fixation.By utilizing RNA velocity analysis,we reconstructed the differentiation dynamics of soybean nodules,which differs from those of indeterminate nodules in Medicago truncatula.Moreover,we identified several putative regulators of soybean nodulation and two of these genes,GmbHLH93 and GmSCL1,were as-yet uncharacterized in soybean.Overexpression of each gene in soybean hairy root systems validated their respective roles in nodulation.Notably,enrichment for cytokinin-related genes in soybean nodules led to identification of the cytokinin receptor,GmCRE1,as a prominent component of the nodulation pathway.GmCRE1 knockout in soybean resulted in a striking nodule phenotype with decreased nitrogen fixation zone and depletion of leghemoglobins,accompanied by downregulation of nodule-specific gene expression,as well as almost complete abrogation of biological nitrogen fixation.In summary,this study provides a comprehensive perspective of the cellular landscape during soybean nodulation,shedding light on the underlying metabolic and developmental mechanisms of soybean nodule formation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82160405Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.20232BAB206131,No.20212ACB206016,and No.20224BAB206114+1 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Health Commission Project,No.202310887the Development Fund of Jiangxi Cancer Hospital,No.2021J10.
文摘BACKGROUND Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1(hnRNPA1)has been reported to enhance the Warburg effect and promote colon cancer(CC)cell proliferation,but the role and mechanism of the miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in CC have not yet been elucidated.AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of a novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis in enhancing the Warburg effect and promoting CC cell proliferation through the PI3K/AKT pathway.METHODS Paraffin-embedded pathological sections from 220 CC patients were collected and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis to determine the expression of hnRNPA1-b.The relationship between the expression values and the clinicopathological features of the patients was investigated.Differences in mRNA expression were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,while differences in protein expression were analyzed using western blot.Cell proliferation was evaluated using the cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine assays,and cell cycle and apoptosis were detected using flow cytometric assays.The targeted binding of miR-490-3p to hnRNPA1-b was validated using a dual luciferase reporter assay.The Warburg effect was evaluated by glucose uptake and lactic acid production assays.RESULTS The expression of hnRNPA1-b was significantly increased in CC tissues and cells compared to normal controls(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical results demonstrated significant variations in the expression of the hnRNPA1-b antigen in different stages of CC,including stage I,II-III,and IV.Furthermore,the clinicopathologic characterization revealed a significant correlation between hnRNPA1-b expression and clinical stage as well as T classification.HnRNPA1-b was found to enhance the Warburg effect through the PI3K/AKT pathway,thereby promoting proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells.However,the proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells was inhibited when miR-490-3p targeted and bound to hnRNPA1-b,effectively blocking the Warburg effect.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the novel miR-490-3p/hnRNPA1-b/PKM2 axis could provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of CC.
基金the supports from the National Thousand Young Talents Program of China
文摘铝基非晶合金具有密度低、强度高、耐腐蚀等诸多优异性能;然而,铝基非晶合金形成能力差,一般需要非常高的冷却速率,这限制了铝基非晶合金的应用.玻璃形成理论认为形成能力与过冷液体密切相关.但在一般升温测量时,铝基非晶合金不显示玻璃转变或过冷液体,而是直接变成晶态.目前为止,关于铝基非晶合金的玻璃转变和过冷液体属性仍然是未知的.本文采用超快速差热分析方法(Flash DSC)使得升温速度达到10000 K s^-1,测量了20余种常见铝基非晶合金的玻璃转变行为和过冷液体特征.发现铝基非晶合金普遍具有很高的液体脆度系数(m),其中某些成分m>160,已经接近理论上预测的脆度系数上限m^175.通过系统研究这些成分的形成能力,发现铝基非晶合金的玻璃形成能力与脆度系数成反相关,而且这种相关不是线性的.只有m<100时,降低m才会对玻璃形成能力有明显影响;相反, m>100的玻璃形成力普遍较弱,而且随m变化不显著.因此,过高的液体脆度系数可能是铝基非晶合金形成能力差的一个重要原因.
文摘Recently N-glycosylation was found to be required for the postembryonic development and metamorphosis of the holometabolous beetle Tribolium castaneum. However, the role of N-glycosylation in the development of hemimetabolous insects is unknown. To further elucidate the role of N-glycosylation in the development of insects, a functional characterization of the N-glycosylation-related genes (NGRGs) was performed in a model insect for hemimetabolous development, namely the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. In this project, we report the effects of RNAi-mediated silencing of 15 NGRGs on the postembryonic development of N. lugens. Two major observations were made. First, interruption of the early steps of N-glycan processing led to a lethal phenotype during the transition from nymph to adult as was observed in T. castaneum. Second, we report here on an essential function for the α-1,6-fucosyl transferase in the ecdysis event of N. lugens between nymphal instars, since gene-silencing by RNAi led to failure of ecdysis and subsequent mortality of the treated insect.
基金supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation(No.DMR-1410596 to J.M.Z)supported by the centre for High-resolution Electron Microscopy(ChEM)of SPST at Shanghai Tech University(No.EM02161943)。
文摘Remarkable diversity is observed in dislocation interactions that are responsible for intermittent and sudden crystal slips.While large crystal slips can be easily observed on the surface of deformed crystals,unraveling the underlying dislocation interaction mechanisms,however,has been a longstanding challenge in the study of single-crystal plasticity.A recent study demonstrated that the sluggish dislocation dynamics in the high entropy alloy(HEA)of Al_(0.1)CoCrFeNi enables the observation of slip bands for a direct link to dislocation avalanches in a nanopillar.Here,we further examined the dislocation structure of slip bands in the HEA nanopillars oriented for single slip.Experimental evidence was provided on the dislocation organization in a slip band based on groups of primary dislocations,secondary dislocations,and dislocation pileups.The results were compared with the previously proposed slip band models.The unique aspects of the HEA that enable such observations were also investigated through an examination of the dislocation microstructure and its response to applied forces in the HEA nanopillars.
