Disturbances in the microbiota-gut-brain axis may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Magnesium-L-threonate has recently been found to have protective effects on learning and memory in aged and A...Disturbances in the microbiota-gut-brain axis may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Magnesium-L-threonate has recently been found to have protective effects on learning and memory in aged and Alzheimer's disease model mice. However, the effects of magnesium-L-threonate on the gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease remain unknown. Previously, we reported that magnesium-L-threonate treatment improved cognition and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in a double-transgenic line of Alzheimer's disease model mice expressing the amyloid-β precursor protein and mutant human presenilin 1(APP/PS1). Here, we performed 16S r RNA amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze changes in the microbiome and serum metabolome following magnesium-Lthreonate exposure in a similar mouse model. Magnesium-L-threonate modulated the abundance of three genera in the gut microbiota, decreasing Allobaculum and increasing Bifidobacterium and Turicibacter. We also found that differential metabolites in the magnesiumL-threonate-regulated serum were enriched in various pathways associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The western blotting detection on intestinal tight junction proteins(zona occludens 1, occludin, and claudin-5) showed that magnesium-L-threonate repaired the intestinal barrier dysfunction of APP/PS1 mice. These findings suggest that magnesium-L-threonate may reduce the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease through the microbiota-gut-brain axis in model mice, providing an experimental basis for the clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Wavelength-tunable organic semiconductor lasers based on mechanically stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) gratings were developed. The intrinsic stretchability of PDMS was explored to modulate the period of the di...Wavelength-tunable organic semiconductor lasers based on mechanically stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) gratings were developed. The intrinsic stretchability of PDMS was explored to modulate the period of the distributed feedback gratings for fine tuning the lasing wavelength. Notably, elastic lasers based on three typical light-emitting molecules show com-parable lasing threshold values analogous to rigid devices and a continuous wavelength tunability of about 10 nm by mechanic-al stretching. In addition, the stretchability provides a simple solution for dynamically tuning the lasing wavelength in a spec-tral range that is challenging to achieve for inorganic counterparts. Our work has provided a simple and efficient method of fab-ricating tunable organic lasers that depend on stretchable distributed feedback gratings, demonstrating a significant step in the advancement of flexible organic optoelectronic devices.展开更多
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress results in the production of excess reactive oxygen species(ROS)and triggers hippocampal neuronal damage as well as occupies a key role in the pathological mechanisms of neurodegenerative d...BACKGROUND Oxidative stress results in the production of excess reactive oxygen species(ROS)and triggers hippocampal neuronal damage as well as occupies a key role in the pathological mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD).A recent study confirmed that magnesium had an inhibitory effect against oxidative stress-related malondialdehyde in vitro.However,whether Magnesium-L-threonate(MgT)is capable of suppressing oxidative stress damage in amyloidβ(Aβ)_(25-35)-treated HT22 cells and the AD mouse model still remains to be investigated.AIM To explore the neuroprotective effect of MgT against oxidative stress injury in vitro and in vivo,and investigate the mechanism.METHODS Aβ_(25-35)-induced HT22 cells were preconditioned with MgT for 12 h.APPswe/PS1dE9(APP/PS1)mice were orally administered with MgT daily for 3 mo.After MgT treatment,the viability of Aβ_(25-35)-treated HT22 cells was determined via conducting cell counting kit-8 test and the cognition of APP/PS1 mice was measured through the Morris Water Maze.Flow cytometry experiments were applied to assess the ROS levels of HT22 cells and measure the apoptosis rate of HT22 cells or hippocampal neurons.Expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X(Bax),hypoxiainducible factor(HIF)-1α,NADPH oxidase(NOX)4,Aβ_(1-42) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)pathway proteins was quantified by Western blot.RESULTS In vitro data confirmed that Aβ_(25-35)-induced HT22 cells had a significantly lower cell viability,higher ROS level and higher apoptosis rates compared with those of control cells(all P<0.001).MgT prevented the Aβ_(25-35)-triggered oxidative stress damage by elevating viability and decreasing ROS formation and apoptosis of HT22 cells(all P<0.001).APP/PS1 mice exhibited worse cognitive performance and higher apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons than wild-type(WT)mice(all P<0.01).Meanwhile,significant higher expression of Aβ_(1-42) and NOX4 proteins was detected in APP/PS1 mice than those of WT mice(both P<0.01).MgT also ameliorated the cognitive deficit,suppressed the apoptosis of hippocampal neuron and downregulated the expression of Aβ_(1-42) and NOX4 proteins in APP/PS1 mouse(all P<0.05).Moreover,MgT intervention significantly downregulated HIF-1αand Bax,upregulated Bcl-2 and activated the PI3K/Akt pathway both in vitro and in vivo(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION MgT exhibits neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in Aβ_(25-35)-treated HT22 cells and APP/PS1 mice.展开更多
BACKGROUND Assessment of the vascular status following limb fracture in children is important to evaluate the risk of compartment syndrome,which is an emergency condition.AIM To establish a simple and efficient gradin...BACKGROUND Assessment of the vascular status following limb fracture in children is important to evaluate the risk of compartment syndrome,which is an emergency condition.AIM To establish a simple and efficient grading scale of limb perfusion in children undergoing surgery for limb fracture.METHODS This retrospective study included pediatric patients with a limb fracture and postoperative plaster fixation who were admitted at The Department of Pediatric Orthopedics of Xinhua Hospital between February 2017 and August 2017.The outcome was poor limb perfusion,which is defined as the postoperative use of mannitol.The children were divided into two groups:The normal perfusion group and the poor perfusion group.Key risk factors have been selected by univariable analyses to establish the Grading Scale for Vascular Status.RESULTS A total of 161 patients were included in the study:85 in the normal perfusion group and 76 in the poor perfusion group.There were no significant differences in age,sex,body mass index,ethnicity,cause of fracture,fixation,or site of fracture between the two groups.After surgery,the skin temperature(P=0.048)and skin color(P<0.001)of the affected limb were significantly different between the two groups.The relative risk and 95%confidence interval for skin temperature of the affected limb,skin color,and range of motion of the affected limb are 2.18(1.84-2.59),2.89(2.28-3.66),and 2.16(1.83-2.56),respectively.The grading scale was established based on those three factors(score range:0-3 points).Forty-one patients(32.5%)with score 0 had poor limb perfusion;all patients with scores 1(n=32)and 2(n=3)had poor limb perfusion(both 100%).CONCLUSION In children undergoing surgery for limb fracture,a higher Grading Scale for Vascular Status score is associated with a higher occurrence of poor limb perfusion.A prospective study is required for validation.展开更多
Fan Hong Hua(番红花saffron)is a natural product that has long been used in food and dye industries and fortreating various disorders.Saffron has a long history of applications in traditional Chinese medicine,following...Fan Hong Hua(番红花saffron)is a natural product that has long been used in food and dye industries and fortreating various disorders.Saffron has a long history of applications in traditional Chinese medicine,following its introduction to China in 1979.According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,saffron is sweet,slightly cold in nature and enters heart and liver meridians.Moreover,this spice can invigorate blood circulation,eliminate blood stasis,cool blood and eliminate heat toxins.Saffron has been used to treat asthma,phlegm,insomnia,Alzheimer’s disease,depression,fright,shock,hemoptysis,heartburn,and pain.Among the almost 70 bioactive ingredients of saffron,major constituents of this herb include safranal,crocin,and crocetin,which are responsible for the unique taste and color of saffron.These ingredients have been investigated using modern pharmaceutical research methods as potential therapeutics to treat disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,cardiovascular diseases,cancer,digestive system disorders,ocular issues,and COVID-19 infections.However,focus and emphasis on understanding the pharmacological effects of saffron in treating diseases are required.This article briefly reviews the history,cultivation processes,different qualities properties,and traditional and modern applications of this unique herb.展开更多
American ginseng(Panax Quinquefolium L),also known as Xi Yang Shen(西洋参 Radix Panacis Quinquefolii),is indigenous to the United States and Canada.Its discovery in the 1700s paved the way for international trade,whic...American ginseng(Panax Quinquefolium L),also known as Xi Yang Shen(西洋参 Radix Panacis Quinquefolii),is indigenous to the United States and Canada.Its discovery in the 1700s paved the way for international trade,which boosted the economy of the New World and helped build commercial ties between the US and China.Due to its therapeutic effects,the demand for American ginseng grew steadily,eventually causing the volume of wild ginseng to dwindle.As a result,laws and regulations were introduced requiring farmers and exporters to engage in harvesting practices that would preserve wild American ginseng.Nowadays,wild American ginseng is considered an endangered and protected species.This article discusses the history,properties,and applications of American ginseng to optimize its use and protection.展开更多
Hemangiopericytoma is clinically rare and easily confused with meningioma.Right-sided aortic arch is also a rare disease of congenital cardiovascular variability.The intracranial hemangiopericytoma associated with the...Hemangiopericytoma is clinically rare and easily confused with meningioma.Right-sided aortic arch is also a rare disease of congenital cardiovascular variability.The intracranial hemangiopericytoma associated with the right-sided aortic arch has not been reported in the literature.We are here to register a case of right aortic arch concurrent with intracranial hemangiopericytoma;the patient was initially thought to be a simple meningioma,but he was eventually diagnosed as a hemangiopericytoma with right aortic arch and multiple intracranial vascular stenosis and malformation.Whether there was a genetic correlation between the two provides a potential research direction for us.Therefore,the diagnosis and treatment of some rare diseases should be a more comprehensive analysis and evaluation.Adequate examination and accurate diagnosis are crucial,which will directly affect the efficacy of surgery and the prognosis of patients.展开更多
With multiple microgrids(MGs)integrated into power distribution networks in a distributed manner,the penetration of renewable energy like photovoltaic(PV)power generation surges.However,the operation of power distribu...With multiple microgrids(MGs)integrated into power distribution networks in a distributed manner,the penetration of renewable energy like photovoltaic(PV)power generation surges.However,the operation of power distribution networks is challenged by the issues of multiple power flow directions and voltage security.Accordingly,an efficient voltage control strategy is needed to ensure voltage security against ever-changing operating conditions,especially when the network topology information is absent or inaccurate.In this paper,we propose a novel data-driven voltage profile improvement model,denoted as system-wide composite adaptive network(SCAN),which depends on operational data instead of network topology details in the context of power distribution networks integrated with multiple MGs.Unlike existing studies that realize topology identification and decisionmaking optimization in sequence,the proposed end-to-end model determines the optimal voltage control decisions in one shot.More specifically,the proposed model consists of four modules,Pre-training Network and modified interior point methods with adversarial networks(Modified IPMAN)as core modules,and discriminator generative adversarial network(Dis-GAN)and Volt convolutional neural network(Volt-CNN)as ancillary modules.In particular,the generator in SCAN is trained by the core modules in sequence so as to form an end-to-end mode from data to decision.Numerical experiments based on IEEE 33-bus and 123-bus systems have validated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.展开更多
A novel series of polyphosphazene-graft-polystyrene(PP-g-PS) copolymers were successfully prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) of styrene monomers and brominated poly(bis(4-methylphenoxy)phosphazene)...A novel series of polyphosphazene-graft-polystyrene(PP-g-PS) copolymers were successfully prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) of styrene monomers and brominated poly(bis(4-methylphenoxy)phosphazene) macroinitiator. The graft density and the graft length could be regulated by changing the bromination degree of the macroinitiator and the ATRP reaction time, respectively. The PP-g-PS copolymers readily underwent a regioselective sulfonation reaction, which occurred preferentially at the polystyrene sites, producing the sulfonated PP-g-PS copolymers with a range of ion exchange capacities. The resulting sulfonated PP-g-PS membranes prepared by solution casting showed high water uptake, low water swelling and considerable proton conductivity. They also exhibited good oxidative stability and high resistance to methanol crossover. Morphological studies of the membranes by transmission electron microscopy showed clear nanophase-separated structures resulted from hydrophobic polyphosphazene backbone and hydrophilic polystyrene sulfonic acid segments, indicating the formation of proton transferring tunnels. Therefore, these sulfonated copolymers may be candidate materials for proton exchange membranes in direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC) applications.展开更多
In situ ultrafine TiC dispersion reinforced Inconel 718 alloy with enhanced mechanical properties was fabricated by the technique of reactive hot-press sintering Ti2AlC and In718 powders.The effect of Ti2AlC precursor...In situ ultrafine TiC dispersion reinforced Inconel 718 alloy with enhanced mechanical properties was fabricated by the technique of reactive hot-press sintering Ti2AlC and In718 powders.The effect of Ti2AlC precursor additions(5 vol.%,10 vol.%,15 vol.%)on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC/In718 composites were investigated.A relationship of microstructural characteristics,room and elevated temperature mechanical performance,and underlying strengthening mechanisms were analyzed.The results show that initial Ti2AlC precursor transformed completely into ultrafine TiC particulate(~230 nm)and distributed uniformly in the matrix after sintering 5 and 10 vol.%Ti2AlC/In718.However,TiC particulates tended to aggregate to stripes with the addition of Ti2AlC up to 15 vol.%,which,in adverse,weaken the properties of In718.The 5 vol.%Ti2AlC/In718 sample showed a higher tensile strength of 1404±13 MPa with a noticeable elongation of 9.8%at room temperature compared to the pure In718(ultimate tensile strength(UTS)=1310 MPa,elongation=21.5%).At 600℃,700℃,800℃and 900℃,tensile strength of the as-sintered 5 vol.%Ti2AlC/In718 composite was determined to be 1333±13 MPa,1010±10 MPa,685±25 MPa and 276±3 MPa,increased by 9.2%,14.6%,14.2%and 55%,respectively,compared with that of monolithic In718 alloy.The excellent tensile properties of TiC/In718 composite can be ascribed to the combined mechanisms in term of increased dislocation density,dispersive Orowan and load transfer mechanisms.展开更多
Over the past two decades,layer-by-layer(LbL) assembly of micro/nanocapsules has been of interest for the investigation of bio-nano interactions to explore bio-applications,such as drug delivery.The choice of an appro...Over the past two decades,layer-by-layer(LbL) assembly of micro/nanocapsules has been of interest for the investigation of bio-nano interactions to explore bio-applications,such as drug delivery.The choice of an appropriate template that can be easily dissolved under mild conditions is one of the challenges for the assembly of LbL capsules.Herein,we report the engineering of LbL capsules with tunable morphologies using cuprous oxide(Cu_2O) particles as templates.Cu_2O particles with cubic,tetradecahedral or spherical morphologies were synthesized via hydrothermal processes,which can be dissolved under mild condition(e.g.,sodium thiosulfate solution).The influence of capsule morphologies on cell association was investigated,which indicates that LbL capsules with cubic geometry promoted cell association up to 4 and 9-fold than tetradecahedral and spherical capsules,respectively.The reported method provides a new avenue for the assembly of LbL capsules with different morphologies,which has the potential for better understanding of biological interactions of LbL capsules.展开更多
The construction of all-carbon molecule frameworks remains challenging. Herein, we report a facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of a novel all-carbon stair containing dimerized pentalene core using inexpensive cycl...The construction of all-carbon molecule frameworks remains challenging. Herein, we report a facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of a novel all-carbon stair containing dimerized pentalene core using inexpensive cyclopropyl alkyne catalyzed by in situ generated Cu(I) from the comproportionation reaction of Cu(II) salt and Cu powder under mild reaction conditions. The reaction proceeds via sequential acetylenic coupling, followed by cyclization and [2 + 2] cycloaddition to directly produce pentalene dimer, which is difficult to access by other established methods. Different mechanistic paths were studied for the pentalene formation using density functional theory, suggesting that the reaction also proceeds through acetylenic coupling followed by cyclization and [2 + 2] cycloaddition. Based on the activation energy barriers, Path 1 has the rate-determining step of 38.63 kcal/mol, which is the most thermodynamically preferred one among the four paths.展开更多
The intrinsic hypoxic tumor microenvironment and limited accumulation of photosensitizers(PSs) result in unsatisfied efficiency of photodynamic therapy(PDT).To enhance the PDT efficiency against solid tumors,a functio...The intrinsic hypoxic tumor microenvironment and limited accumulation of photosensitizers(PSs) result in unsatisfied efficiency of photodynamic therapy(PDT).To enhance the PDT efficiency against solid tumors,a functional oxygen self-supplying and PS-delivering nanosystem is fabricated via the combination of catalase(CAT),chlorin e6(Ce6) and metal-phenolic network(MPN) capsule.It is demonstrated that the CAT encapsulated in the capsules(named CCM capsules) could catalyze the degradation of hydrogen peroxide(H;O;) to produce molecular oxygen(O;),which could be converted into cytotoxicity reactive oxygen species(ROS) by surface-loaded Ce6 under 660 nm laser irradiation,leading to synergistic anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo.Therefore,the application of CCM capsule could be a promising strategy to improve PDT effectiveness.展开更多
We report the synthesis of pseudo triazole-sialoside protein conjugates of various valency that are resistant to neuraminidase for the adsorption of influenza viruses. The glycotriazole monomer bearing an amine-functi...We report the synthesis of pseudo triazole-sialoside protein conjugates of various valency that are resistant to neuraminidase for the adsorption of influenza viruses. The glycotriazole monomer bearing an amine-functionalized linker was synthesized by click chemistry and grafted to the lysine residues of bovine serum albumin(BSA) or human serum albumin(HSA) via diethyl squarate and adipate-based strategy. The binding of hemagglutinin(HA) and neuraminidase(NA) on the virion surface by the synthetic neoglycoproteins were evaluated by hemagglutination and neuraminidase inhibition assay,respectively. The results demonstrated that these synthetic glycoproteins have significantly higher affinity with NA than HA. The interactions between these neoglycoproteins and intact influenza viruses were further investigated by Dynamic Light Scattering(DLS) technique. The pronounced agglutination indicated that these glycoconjugates can be used as adsorbents to prevent virus from invading host cells as well as the release of newly synthesized viral particles, which are crucial in the life cycle of the influenza virus. With the high binding affinity to intact influenza viruses, these neoglycoproteins can also be used as probe to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the sialic acid-influenza recognition and biosensors for influenza detection.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82101271 (to WL),82171178 (to JL)Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,Nos.2020A1515110317 (to WL),2021A1515010705 (to WL)+1 种基金Young Talent Support Project of Guangzhou Association for Science and Technology (to WL)Technology Key Project of Shenzhen,No.JCYJ202001091 14612308 (to ZS)。
文摘Disturbances in the microbiota-gut-brain axis may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Magnesium-L-threonate has recently been found to have protective effects on learning and memory in aged and Alzheimer's disease model mice. However, the effects of magnesium-L-threonate on the gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease remain unknown. Previously, we reported that magnesium-L-threonate treatment improved cognition and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in a double-transgenic line of Alzheimer's disease model mice expressing the amyloid-β precursor protein and mutant human presenilin 1(APP/PS1). Here, we performed 16S r RNA amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze changes in the microbiome and serum metabolome following magnesium-Lthreonate exposure in a similar mouse model. Magnesium-L-threonate modulated the abundance of three genera in the gut microbiota, decreasing Allobaculum and increasing Bifidobacterium and Turicibacter. We also found that differential metabolites in the magnesiumL-threonate-regulated serum were enriched in various pathways associated with neurodegenerative diseases. The western blotting detection on intestinal tight junction proteins(zona occludens 1, occludin, and claudin-5) showed that magnesium-L-threonate repaired the intestinal barrier dysfunction of APP/PS1 mice. These findings suggest that magnesium-L-threonate may reduce the clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease through the microbiota-gut-brain axis in model mice, providing an experimental basis for the clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21835003, 91833304,21422402, 62274097, 21674050, 62004106)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2014CB648300,2017YFB0404501)+11 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BE2019120, BK20160888)Program for Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor (RK030STP15001)the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province (TD-XCL-009)the333 Project of Jiangsu Province (BRA2017402)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (20KJB140005)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M671553)the NUPT"1311 Project"and Scientific Foundation (NY217169, NY215062, NY215107,NY217087)the Leading Talent of Technological Innovation of National Ten-Thousands Talents Program of Chinathe Excellent Scientific and Technological Innovative Teams of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (TJ217038)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (SJCX21-0297)the Synergetic Innovation Center for Organic Electronics and Information Displaysthe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
文摘Wavelength-tunable organic semiconductor lasers based on mechanically stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) gratings were developed. The intrinsic stretchability of PDMS was explored to modulate the period of the distributed feedback gratings for fine tuning the lasing wavelength. Notably, elastic lasers based on three typical light-emitting molecules show com-parable lasing threshold values analogous to rigid devices and a continuous wavelength tunability of about 10 nm by mechanic-al stretching. In addition, the stretchability provides a simple solution for dynamically tuning the lasing wavelength in a spec-tral range that is challenging to achieve for inorganic counterparts. Our work has provided a simple and efficient method of fab-ricating tunable organic lasers that depend on stretchable distributed feedback gratings, demonstrating a significant step in the advancement of flexible organic optoelectronic devices.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81870836Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China,No. 2020A1515010210+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China,No. 202007030010Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China,No. 2020A1515110317 and No. 2021A1515010705
文摘BACKGROUND Oxidative stress results in the production of excess reactive oxygen species(ROS)and triggers hippocampal neuronal damage as well as occupies a key role in the pathological mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD).A recent study confirmed that magnesium had an inhibitory effect against oxidative stress-related malondialdehyde in vitro.However,whether Magnesium-L-threonate(MgT)is capable of suppressing oxidative stress damage in amyloidβ(Aβ)_(25-35)-treated HT22 cells and the AD mouse model still remains to be investigated.AIM To explore the neuroprotective effect of MgT against oxidative stress injury in vitro and in vivo,and investigate the mechanism.METHODS Aβ_(25-35)-induced HT22 cells were preconditioned with MgT for 12 h.APPswe/PS1dE9(APP/PS1)mice were orally administered with MgT daily for 3 mo.After MgT treatment,the viability of Aβ_(25-35)-treated HT22 cells was determined via conducting cell counting kit-8 test and the cognition of APP/PS1 mice was measured through the Morris Water Maze.Flow cytometry experiments were applied to assess the ROS levels of HT22 cells and measure the apoptosis rate of HT22 cells or hippocampal neurons.Expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X(Bax),hypoxiainducible factor(HIF)-1α,NADPH oxidase(NOX)4,Aβ_(1-42) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)pathway proteins was quantified by Western blot.RESULTS In vitro data confirmed that Aβ_(25-35)-induced HT22 cells had a significantly lower cell viability,higher ROS level and higher apoptosis rates compared with those of control cells(all P<0.001).MgT prevented the Aβ_(25-35)-triggered oxidative stress damage by elevating viability and decreasing ROS formation and apoptosis of HT22 cells(all P<0.001).APP/PS1 mice exhibited worse cognitive performance and higher apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons than wild-type(WT)mice(all P<0.01).Meanwhile,significant higher expression of Aβ_(1-42) and NOX4 proteins was detected in APP/PS1 mice than those of WT mice(both P<0.01).MgT also ameliorated the cognitive deficit,suppressed the apoptosis of hippocampal neuron and downregulated the expression of Aβ_(1-42) and NOX4 proteins in APP/PS1 mouse(all P<0.05).Moreover,MgT intervention significantly downregulated HIF-1αand Bax,upregulated Bcl-2 and activated the PI3K/Akt pathway both in vitro and in vivo(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION MgT exhibits neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in Aβ_(25-35)-treated HT22 cells and APP/PS1 mice.
基金Supported by The Hospital-Funded Clinical Research of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,No.17CSY01.
文摘BACKGROUND Assessment of the vascular status following limb fracture in children is important to evaluate the risk of compartment syndrome,which is an emergency condition.AIM To establish a simple and efficient grading scale of limb perfusion in children undergoing surgery for limb fracture.METHODS This retrospective study included pediatric patients with a limb fracture and postoperative plaster fixation who were admitted at The Department of Pediatric Orthopedics of Xinhua Hospital between February 2017 and August 2017.The outcome was poor limb perfusion,which is defined as the postoperative use of mannitol.The children were divided into two groups:The normal perfusion group and the poor perfusion group.Key risk factors have been selected by univariable analyses to establish the Grading Scale for Vascular Status.RESULTS A total of 161 patients were included in the study:85 in the normal perfusion group and 76 in the poor perfusion group.There were no significant differences in age,sex,body mass index,ethnicity,cause of fracture,fixation,or site of fracture between the two groups.After surgery,the skin temperature(P=0.048)and skin color(P<0.001)of the affected limb were significantly different between the two groups.The relative risk and 95%confidence interval for skin temperature of the affected limb,skin color,and range of motion of the affected limb are 2.18(1.84-2.59),2.89(2.28-3.66),and 2.16(1.83-2.56),respectively.The grading scale was established based on those three factors(score range:0-3 points).Forty-one patients(32.5%)with score 0 had poor limb perfusion;all patients with scores 1(n=32)and 2(n=3)had poor limb perfusion(both 100%).CONCLUSION In children undergoing surgery for limb fracture,a higher Grading Scale for Vascular Status score is associated with a higher occurrence of poor limb perfusion.A prospective study is required for validation.
基金financed by the International Cooperation Department,National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China(No.GZYYGJ2021003)。
文摘Fan Hong Hua(番红花saffron)is a natural product that has long been used in food and dye industries and fortreating various disorders.Saffron has a long history of applications in traditional Chinese medicine,following its introduction to China in 1979.According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,saffron is sweet,slightly cold in nature and enters heart and liver meridians.Moreover,this spice can invigorate blood circulation,eliminate blood stasis,cool blood and eliminate heat toxins.Saffron has been used to treat asthma,phlegm,insomnia,Alzheimer’s disease,depression,fright,shock,hemoptysis,heartburn,and pain.Among the almost 70 bioactive ingredients of saffron,major constituents of this herb include safranal,crocin,and crocetin,which are responsible for the unique taste and color of saffron.These ingredients have been investigated using modern pharmaceutical research methods as potential therapeutics to treat disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,cardiovascular diseases,cancer,digestive system disorders,ocular issues,and COVID-19 infections.However,focus and emphasis on understanding the pharmacological effects of saffron in treating diseases are required.This article briefly reviews the history,cultivation processes,different qualities properties,and traditional and modern applications of this unique herb.
基金By grants from the project of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2019GJ170)International Cooperation Department,National A dm inistration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.GZYYGJ2020003).
文摘American ginseng(Panax Quinquefolium L),also known as Xi Yang Shen(西洋参 Radix Panacis Quinquefolii),is indigenous to the United States and Canada.Its discovery in the 1700s paved the way for international trade,which boosted the economy of the New World and helped build commercial ties between the US and China.Due to its therapeutic effects,the demand for American ginseng grew steadily,eventually causing the volume of wild ginseng to dwindle.As a result,laws and regulations were introduced requiring farmers and exporters to engage in harvesting practices that would preserve wild American ginseng.Nowadays,wild American ginseng is considered an endangered and protected species.This article discusses the history,properties,and applications of American ginseng to optimize its use and protection.
文摘Hemangiopericytoma is clinically rare and easily confused with meningioma.Right-sided aortic arch is also a rare disease of congenital cardiovascular variability.The intracranial hemangiopericytoma associated with the right-sided aortic arch has not been reported in the literature.We are here to register a case of right aortic arch concurrent with intracranial hemangiopericytoma;the patient was initially thought to be a simple meningioma,but he was eventually diagnosed as a hemangiopericytoma with right aortic arch and multiple intracranial vascular stenosis and malformation.Whether there was a genetic correlation between the two provides a potential research direction for us.Therefore,the diagnosis and treatment of some rare diseases should be a more comprehensive analysis and evaluation.Adequate examination and accurate diagnosis are crucial,which will directly affect the efficacy of surgery and the prognosis of patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21835003,91833304,21422402,21604043,21674050,and 62004106)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2014CB648300 and 2017YFB0404501)+10 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20160888 and BE2019120)the Program for Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor(RK030STP15001)the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province(TD-XCL-009)the 333 Project of Jiangsu Province(BRA2017402)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(20KJB140005)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671553)the NUPT“1311 Project”Scientific Foundation(NY217169,NY215062,NY215107,and NY217087)the Leading Talent of Technological Innovation of National Ten-Thousands Talents Program of China,the Excellent Scientific and Technological Innovative Teams of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(TJ217038)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX21-0297)the Synergetic Innovation Center for Organic Electronics and Information Displays,and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52007164,U2066601).
文摘With multiple microgrids(MGs)integrated into power distribution networks in a distributed manner,the penetration of renewable energy like photovoltaic(PV)power generation surges.However,the operation of power distribution networks is challenged by the issues of multiple power flow directions and voltage security.Accordingly,an efficient voltage control strategy is needed to ensure voltage security against ever-changing operating conditions,especially when the network topology information is absent or inaccurate.In this paper,we propose a novel data-driven voltage profile improvement model,denoted as system-wide composite adaptive network(SCAN),which depends on operational data instead of network topology details in the context of power distribution networks integrated with multiple MGs.Unlike existing studies that realize topology identification and decisionmaking optimization in sequence,the proposed end-to-end model determines the optimal voltage control decisions in one shot.More specifically,the proposed model consists of four modules,Pre-training Network and modified interior point methods with adversarial networks(Modified IPMAN)as core modules,and discriminator generative adversarial network(Dis-GAN)and Volt convolutional neural network(Volt-CNN)as ancillary modules.In particular,the generator in SCAN is trained by the core modules in sequence so as to form an end-to-end mode from data to decision.Numerical experiments based on IEEE 33-bus and 123-bus systems have validated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51103012)
文摘A novel series of polyphosphazene-graft-polystyrene(PP-g-PS) copolymers were successfully prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) of styrene monomers and brominated poly(bis(4-methylphenoxy)phosphazene) macroinitiator. The graft density and the graft length could be regulated by changing the bromination degree of the macroinitiator and the ATRP reaction time, respectively. The PP-g-PS copolymers readily underwent a regioselective sulfonation reaction, which occurred preferentially at the polystyrene sites, producing the sulfonated PP-g-PS copolymers with a range of ion exchange capacities. The resulting sulfonated PP-g-PS membranes prepared by solution casting showed high water uptake, low water swelling and considerable proton conductivity. They also exhibited good oxidative stability and high resistance to methanol crossover. Morphological studies of the membranes by transmission electron microscopy showed clear nanophase-separated structures resulted from hydrophobic polyphosphazene backbone and hydrophilic polystyrene sulfonic acid segments, indicating the formation of proton transferring tunnels. Therefore, these sulfonated copolymers may be candidate materials for proton exchange membranes in direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC) applications.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51871011,51572017 and 51301013)the Beijing Government Funds for the Constructive Project of Central Universitiesthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2018YJS144)。
文摘In situ ultrafine TiC dispersion reinforced Inconel 718 alloy with enhanced mechanical properties was fabricated by the technique of reactive hot-press sintering Ti2AlC and In718 powders.The effect of Ti2AlC precursor additions(5 vol.%,10 vol.%,15 vol.%)on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC/In718 composites were investigated.A relationship of microstructural characteristics,room and elevated temperature mechanical performance,and underlying strengthening mechanisms were analyzed.The results show that initial Ti2AlC precursor transformed completely into ultrafine TiC particulate(~230 nm)and distributed uniformly in the matrix after sintering 5 and 10 vol.%Ti2AlC/In718.However,TiC particulates tended to aggregate to stripes with the addition of Ti2AlC up to 15 vol.%,which,in adverse,weaken the properties of In718.The 5 vol.%Ti2AlC/In718 sample showed a higher tensile strength of 1404±13 MPa with a noticeable elongation of 9.8%at room temperature compared to the pure In718(ultimate tensile strength(UTS)=1310 MPa,elongation=21.5%).At 600℃,700℃,800℃and 900℃,tensile strength of the as-sintered 5 vol.%Ti2AlC/In718 composite was determined to be 1333±13 MPa,1010±10 MPa,685±25 MPa and 276±3 MPa,increased by 9.2%,14.6%,14.2%and 55%,respectively,compared with that of monolithic In718 alloy.The excellent tensile properties of TiC/In718 composite can be ascribed to the combined mechanisms in term of increased dislocation density,dispersive Orowan and load transfer mechanisms.
基金financially supported by research general programs from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21603120,21872085)Fundamental Research Funding of Shandong University(No.2017JC003)。
文摘Over the past two decades,layer-by-layer(LbL) assembly of micro/nanocapsules has been of interest for the investigation of bio-nano interactions to explore bio-applications,such as drug delivery.The choice of an appropriate template that can be easily dissolved under mild conditions is one of the challenges for the assembly of LbL capsules.Herein,we report the engineering of LbL capsules with tunable morphologies using cuprous oxide(Cu_2O) particles as templates.Cu_2O particles with cubic,tetradecahedral or spherical morphologies were synthesized via hydrothermal processes,which can be dissolved under mild condition(e.g.,sodium thiosulfate solution).The influence of capsule morphologies on cell association was investigated,which indicates that LbL capsules with cubic geometry promoted cell association up to 4 and 9-fold than tetradecahedral and spherical capsules,respectively.The reported method provides a new avenue for the assembly of LbL capsules with different morphologies,which has the potential for better understanding of biological interactions of LbL capsules.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 91961105, 21822107,21571115, 21827801)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Nos. ZR2019ZD45, JQ201803 and ZR2017MB061)+2 种基金the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province of China (Nos.tsqn201812003 and ts20190908)Project for Scientific Research Innovation Team of Young Scholar in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province (No. 2019KJC028)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2020ZD35)。
文摘The construction of all-carbon molecule frameworks remains challenging. Herein, we report a facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of a novel all-carbon stair containing dimerized pentalene core using inexpensive cyclopropyl alkyne catalyzed by in situ generated Cu(I) from the comproportionation reaction of Cu(II) salt and Cu powder under mild reaction conditions. The reaction proceeds via sequential acetylenic coupling, followed by cyclization and [2 + 2] cycloaddition to directly produce pentalene dimer, which is difficult to access by other established methods. Different mechanistic paths were studied for the pentalene formation using density functional theory, suggesting that the reaction also proceeds through acetylenic coupling followed by cyclization and [2 + 2] cycloaddition. Based on the activation energy barriers, Path 1 has the rate-determining step of 38.63 kcal/mol, which is the most thermodynamically preferred one among the four paths.
基金supported by the Innovation Project of Jinan Science and Technology Bureau (No. 2020GXRC022)the Project for Scientific Research Innovation Team of Young Scholar in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province (No. 2020KJC001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21677090)。
文摘The intrinsic hypoxic tumor microenvironment and limited accumulation of photosensitizers(PSs) result in unsatisfied efficiency of photodynamic therapy(PDT).To enhance the PDT efficiency against solid tumors,a functional oxygen self-supplying and PS-delivering nanosystem is fabricated via the combination of catalase(CAT),chlorin e6(Ce6) and metal-phenolic network(MPN) capsule.It is demonstrated that the CAT encapsulated in the capsules(named CCM capsules) could catalyze the degradation of hydrogen peroxide(H;O;) to produce molecular oxygen(O;),which could be converted into cytotoxicity reactive oxygen species(ROS) by surface-loaded Ce6 under 660 nm laser irradiation,leading to synergistic anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo.Therefore,the application of CCM capsule could be a promising strategy to improve PDT effectiveness.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21402140,21502139)Shenzhen Peacock Plan(No. KQTD2016053114253158)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(No. 16JCTPJC46000)Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Lab of Industrial Microbiology(No. 2015IM107)Youth Innovation Research Foundation of Tianjin University of Science and Technology(No.2016LG08)
文摘We report the synthesis of pseudo triazole-sialoside protein conjugates of various valency that are resistant to neuraminidase for the adsorption of influenza viruses. The glycotriazole monomer bearing an amine-functionalized linker was synthesized by click chemistry and grafted to the lysine residues of bovine serum albumin(BSA) or human serum albumin(HSA) via diethyl squarate and adipate-based strategy. The binding of hemagglutinin(HA) and neuraminidase(NA) on the virion surface by the synthetic neoglycoproteins were evaluated by hemagglutination and neuraminidase inhibition assay,respectively. The results demonstrated that these synthetic glycoproteins have significantly higher affinity with NA than HA. The interactions between these neoglycoproteins and intact influenza viruses were further investigated by Dynamic Light Scattering(DLS) technique. The pronounced agglutination indicated that these glycoconjugates can be used as adsorbents to prevent virus from invading host cells as well as the release of newly synthesized viral particles, which are crucial in the life cycle of the influenza virus. With the high binding affinity to intact influenza viruses, these neoglycoproteins can also be used as probe to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the sialic acid-influenza recognition and biosensors for influenza detection.
