BACKGROUND CALD1 has been discovered to be abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumors,including gastric cancer(GC),and is associated with tumor progression and immune infiltration;however,the roles and mech...BACKGROUND CALD1 has been discovered to be abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumors,including gastric cancer(GC),and is associated with tumor progression and immune infiltration;however,the roles and mechanisms of CALD1 in epithe-lial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in GC are unknown.AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of CALD1 in GC progression,invasion,and migration.METHODS In this study,the relationship between CALD1 and GC,as well as the possible network regulatory mechanisms of CALD1,was investigated by bioinformatics and validated by experiments.CALD1-siRNA was synthesized and used to trans-fect GC cells.Cell activity was measured using the CCK-8 method,cell migration and invasive ability were measured using wound healing assay and Transwell assay,and the expression levels of relevant genes and proteins in each group of cells were measured using qRT-PCR and Western blot.A GC cell xenograft model RESULTS Bioinformatics results showed that CALD1 was highly expressed in GC tissues,and CALD1 was significantly higher in EMT-type GC tissues than in tissues of other types of GC.The prognosis of patients with high expression of CALD1 was worse than that of patients with low expression,and a prognostic model was constructed and evaluated.The experimental results were consistent with the results of the bioinformatics analysis.The expression level of CALD1 in GC cell lines was all higher than that in gastric epithelial cell line GES-1,with the strongest expression found in AGS and MKN45 cells.Cell activity was significantly reduced after CALD1-siRNA trans-fection of AGS and MKN45 cells.The ability of AGS and MKN45 cells to migrate and invade was reduced after CALD1-siRNA transfection,and the related mRNA and protein expression was altered.According to bioinfor-matics findings in GC samples,the CALD1 gene was significantly associated with the expression of members of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway as well as the EMT signaling pathway,and was closely related to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Experimental validation revealed that upregulation of CALD1 increased the expression of PI3K,p-AKT,and p-mTOR,members of the PI3K-Akt pathway,while decreasing the expression of PTEN;PI3K-Akt inhibitor treatment decreased the expression of PI3K,p-AKT,and p-mTOR in cells overexpressing CALD1(still higher than that in the normal group),but increased the expression of PTEN(still lower than that in the normal group).CCK-8 results revealed that the effect of CALD1 on tumor cell activity was decreased by the addition of the inhibitor.Scratch and Transwell experiments showed that the effect of CALD1 on tumor cell migration and invasion was weakened by the addition of the PI3K-Akt inhibitor.The mRNA and protein levels of EMT-related genes in AGS and MKN45 cells were greatly altered by the overexpression of CALD1,whereas the effect of overex-pression of CALD1 was significantly weakened by the addition of the PI3K-Akt inhibitor.Animal experiments showed that tumour growth was slow after inhibition of CALD1,and the expression of some PI3K-Akt and EMT pathway proteins was altered.CONCLUSION Increased expression of CALD1 is a key factor in the progression,invasion,and metastasis of GC,which may be associated with regulating the PI3K-Akt pathway to promote EMT.展开更多
BACKGROUND The detection rate of depression among university students has been increasing in recent years,becoming one of the main psychological diseases that endangers their physical and mental health.According to st...BACKGROUND The detection rate of depression among university students has been increasing in recent years,becoming one of the main psychological diseases that endangers their physical and mental health.According to statistics,self-harm and suicide,for which there is no effective intervention,are the second leading causes of death.AIM To explore the relationship between different elements and levels of physical activity and college students’depression-symptom-specific working memory indicators.METHODS Of 143 college students were analyzed using the Beck Depression Self-Rating Scale,the Physical Activity Rating Scale,and the Working Memory Task.RESULTS There was a significant difference between college students with depressive symptoms and healthy college students in completing verbal and spatial working memory(SWM)tasks correctly(all P<0.01).Physical Activity Scale-3 scores were significantly and positively correlated with the correct rate of the verbal working memory task(r=0.166)and the correct rate of the SWM task(r=0.210)(all P<0.05).There were significant differences in the correct rates of verbal and SWM tasks according to different exercise intensities(all P<0.05)and different exercise durations(all P<0.05),and no significant differences in the correct rates of verbal and SWM tasks by exercise frequency(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION An increase in physical exercise among college students,particularly medium-and high-intensity exercise and exercise of 30 min or more,can improve the correct rate of completing working memory tasks.展开更多
An algorithm named InterOpt for optimizing operational parameters is proposed based on interpretable machine learning,and is demonstrated via optimization of shale gas development.InterOpt consists of three parts:a ne...An algorithm named InterOpt for optimizing operational parameters is proposed based on interpretable machine learning,and is demonstrated via optimization of shale gas development.InterOpt consists of three parts:a neural network is used to construct an emulator of the actual drilling and hydraulic fracturing process in the vector space(i.e.,virtual environment);:the Sharpley value method in inter-pretable machine learning is applied to analyzing the impact of geological and operational parameters in each well(i.e.,single well feature impact analysis):and ensemble randomized maximum likelihood(EnRML)is conducted to optimize the operational parameters to comprehensively improve the efficiency of shale gas development and reduce the average cost.In the experiment,InterOpt provides different drilling and fracturing plans for each well according to its specific geological conditions,and finally achieves an average cost reduction of 9.7%for a case study with 104 wells.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental disorder among college students.The main symptoms include being persistent low mood,sad emotional experiences,lack of pleasure,listlessness,and impaired cognitive function acco...BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental disorder among college students.The main symptoms include being persistent low mood,sad emotional experiences,lack of pleasure,listlessness,and impaired cognitive function accompanied by tendencies of self-harm and suicide.AIM To clarify the pathways and effects of the behavioral activation system between physical activity and depressive symptoms in college students with depressive symptoms.METHODS This cross-sectional research screened 3047 college students.Of these,472 had depressive symptoms,with a depression detection rate of 15.49%.Furthermore,442 college students with depressive symptoms were analyzed.A one-way analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation,linear regression,and structural equation modeling analyses were used to explore the correlations and pathways of the interactions between the variables.RESULTS Depressive symptoms were significantly negatively correlated with physical activity(r=-0.175,P<0.001),the behavioral activation system(r=-0.197,P<0.001),and drive(r=-0.113,P=0.017).Furthermore,it was negatively correlated with fun-seeking(FS)(r=-0.055,P=0.251);however,it was not significant.Physical activity was significantly positively correlated with reward responsiveness(RR)(r=0.141,P=0.003)and drive(r=0.124,P=0.009)and not significantly positively correlated with FS(r=0.090,P=0.058).The mediating effect of RR between physical activity and depressive symptoms was significant[B=-0.025,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.051 to-0.008,P=0.001].The direct and total effects of physical activity on depressive symptoms and were significant(B=-0.150,95%CI:-0.233 to-0.073,P<0.001;B=-0.175,95%CI:-0.260 to-0.099,P<0.001),respectively.CONCLUSION As physical activity levels increased,depression scores among college students decreased.The mediating effect of RR between physical activity and depressive symptoms was significant.Therefore,colleges and universities should encourage college students with depression to increase their physical activity and improve their behavioral activation system.Particular attention should be paid to RR,which may reduce the prevalence of depressive symptoms.展开更多
A variety of neurotrophic factors have been shown to repair the damaged peripheral nerve. However, in clinical practice, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are all peptides or pr...A variety of neurotrophic factors have been shown to repair the damaged peripheral nerve. However, in clinical practice, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are all peptides or proteins that may be rapidly deactivated at the focal injury site; their local effective concentration time following a single medication cannot meet the required time for spinal axons to regenerate and cross the glial scar. In this study, we produced polymer sustained-release microspheres based on the polylactic-co-glycolic acid copolymer; the microspheres at 300-μm diameter contained nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Six microspheres were longitudinally implanted into the sciatic nerve at the anastomosis site, serving as the experimental group; while the sciatic nerve in the control group was subjected to the end-to-end anastomosis using 10/0 suture thread. At 6 weeks after implantation, the lower limb activity, weight of triceps surae muscle, sciatic nerve conduction velocity and the maximum amplitude were obviously better in the experimental group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, more regenerating nerve fibers were observed and distributed in a dense and ordered manner with thicker myelin sheaths in the experimental group. More angiogenesis was also visible. Experimental findings indicate that polylactic-co-glycolic acid composite microspheres containing nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor can promote the restoration of sciatic nerve in rats after injury.展开更多
When the electronic nose is used to identify different varieties of distilled liquors, the pattern recognition algorithm is chosen on the basis of the experience, which lacks the guiding principle. In this research, t...When the electronic nose is used to identify different varieties of distilled liquors, the pattern recognition algorithm is chosen on the basis of the experience, which lacks the guiding principle. In this research, the different brands of distilled spirits were identified using the pattern recognition algorithms (principal component analysis and the artificial neural network). The recognition rates of different algorithms were compared. The recognition rate of the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is the highest. Owing to the slow convergence speed of the BPNN, it tends easily to get into a local minimum. A chaotic BPNN was tried in order to overcome the disadvantage of the BPNN. The convergence speed of the chaotic BPNN is 75.5 times faster than that of the BPNN.展开更多
Previous studies of nerve conduits have investigated numerous properties,such as conduit luminal structure and neurotrophic factor incorporation,for the regeneration of nerve defects.The present study used a poly(lact...Previous studies of nerve conduits have investigated numerous properties,such as conduit luminal structure and neurotrophic factor incorporation,for the regeneration of nerve defects.The present study used a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) copolymer to construct a three-dimensional(3D) bionic nerve conduit,with two channels and multiple microtubule lumens,and incorporating two neurotrophic factors,each with their own delivery system,as a novel environment for peripheral nerve regeneration.The efficacy of this conduit in repairing a 1.5 cm sciatic nerve defect was compared with PLGA-alone and PLGA-microfilament conduits,and autologous nerve transplantation.Results showed that compared with the other groups,the 3D bionic nerve conduit had the fastest nerve conduction velocity,largest electromyogram amplitude,and shortest electromyogram latency.In addition,the nerve fiber density,myelin sheath thickness and axon diameter were significantly increased,and the recovery rate of the triceps surae muscle wet weight was lowest.These findings suggest that 3D bionic nerve conduits can provide a suitable microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration to efficiently repair sciatic nerve defects.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the expression of zinc finger protein 139(ZNF139)in gastric cancer(GC),and to analyze its clinical significance.METHODS:A total of 108 patients who were diagnosed with GC and underwent surgery betwe...AIM:To investigate the expression of zinc finger protein 139(ZNF139)in gastric cancer(GC),and to analyze its clinical significance.METHODS:A total of 108 patients who were diagnosed with GC and underwent surgery between January 2005and March 2007 were enrolled in this study.Gastric tumor specimens and paired tumor-adjacent tissues were collected and paraffin-embedded,and the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis were recorded.The expression of ZNF139,Bcl-2,Bax,and caspase-3 were determined by immunohistochemistry,and apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated d UTP-biotin nick end labeling.SPSS 13.0software was used for data processing and analyses,and significance was determined at P<0.05.RESULTS:The expression of ZNF139 was stronger in tumors than in tumor-adjacent tissues(66.67%vs 44.44%;P<0.01).Overexpression of ZNF139correlated with tumor differentiation,invasion depth,clinical stage,lymphatic metastasis,and blood vessel invasion(all P s<0.05).Patients with overexpression of ZNF139 had a poorer prognosis(P<0.01),and overexpression of ZNF139 was an independent factor for the prognosis of GC patients by a Cox survival analysis(P=0.02).A negative relationship between ZNF139 and the apoptosis index was observed(r=-0.686;P<0.01).The expression of Bcl-2 in GC was stronger than in tumor-adjacent tissues(66.67%vs41.67%),whereas the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 were lower in primary tumors(54.63%and47.22%,respectively)than in tumor-adjacent tissues(73.15%and 73.15%,respectively)(all Ps<0.05).The expression of ZNF139 negatively correlated with caspase-3(r=-0.370;P<0.01).The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were also negatively correlated(r=-0.231;P=0.02).The expressions of caspase-3 and Bax protein were positively correlated(r=0.217;P=0.024).CONCLUSION:ZNF139 is related to clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of GC.Furthermore,it is overexpressed and involved in apoptosis in GC tissues by regulating caspase-3.展开更多
Renin is the rate-limiting enzyme of the reninangiotensin system (RAS). In addition to its enzymatic activity to generate angiotensin I, renin also signals through the (pro)renin receptor to exert angiotensin II-indep...Renin is the rate-limiting enzyme of the reninangiotensin system (RAS). In addition to its enzymatic activity to generate angiotensin I, renin also signals through the (pro)renin receptor to exert angiotensin II-independent effects. In this study we examined the effect of renin inhibition on the development of diabetic nephropathy. Male DBA/2J mice were induced to diabetes with streptozotocin, and the diabetic mice were treated for 16 weeks with saline or aliskiren, a renin enzymatic inhibitor. Aliskiren treatment had little effects on blood glucose and blood pressure in diabetic mice. Saline-treated mice developed progressive albuminuria and glome-rulosclerosis, and aliskiren treatment effectively alleviated albumiuria and glomerulosclerosis. Morphologically aliskiren treatment prevented the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and reduced podocyte loss. At the molecular levels, aliskiren prevented the decline of slit diaphragm proteins and blocked the synthesis of extracellular matrix and pro-fibrotic factors in the diabetic kidney. Aliskiren treatment results in compensatory renin increase in the glomeruli due to blockade of the negative feedback loop, and also partially suppressed the intracellular signaling mediated by the (pro)renin receptor activated in hyperglycemia. These observations suggest that the therapeutic activity of aliskiren to prevent diabetic renal injury is contributed by inhibition of both the angiotensin II-dependent and -independent pathways. Taken together, it is concluded that inhibition of renin enzymatic activity ameliorates diabetic renal injury in type 1 diabetes, and support the use of aliskiren in diabetes kidney disease.展开更多
Phylogeographic studies of Eremias lizards(Lacertidae) in East Asia have been limited, and the impact of major climatic events on their population dynamics remains poorly known. This study aimed to investigate populat...Phylogeographic studies of Eremias lizards(Lacertidae) in East Asia have been limited, and the impact of major climatic events on their population dynamics remains poorly known. This study aimed to investigate population histories and refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum of two sympatric Eremias lizards(E. argus and E. brenchleyi) inhabiting northern China. We sequenced partial mitochondrial DNA from the ND4 gene for 128 individuals of E. argus from nine localities, and 46 individuals of E. brenchleyi from five localities. Forty-four ND4 haplotypes were determined from E. argus samples, and 33 from E. brenchleyi samples. Population expansion events began about 0.0044 Ma in E. argus, and 0.031 Ma in E. brenchleyi. The demographic history of E. brenchleyi indicates a long-lasting population decline since the most recent common ancestor, while that of E. argus indicates a continuous population growth. Among-population structure was significant in both species, and there were multiple refugia across their range. Intermittent gene flow occurred among expanded populations across multiple refugia during warmer phases of the glacial period, and this may explain why the effective population size has remained relatively stable in E. brenchleyi and grown in E. argus.展开更多
Stratigraphic division and correlation are crucial for the identification of sweet spots and drilling design of shale gas.In this study,a stratigraphic division and correlation was carried out for the Wufeng-Longmaxi ...Stratigraphic division and correlation are crucial for the identification of sweet spots and drilling design of shale gas.In this study,a stratigraphic division and correlation was carried out for the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in southern China from the prospective of lithostratigraphy,sea level changes,and biostratigraphy using data from seismic investigation,wells,and outcrops.The Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations were respectively divided into four members,Wu 1 and Wu2 for the former and Long 1 and Long 2 for the latter.Of the members,Long 1 was subdivided and its first subdivision(Long 11)was further divided into 4 layers(Long 1^(1)_(1),Long 1^(2)_(1),Long 1^(3)_(1),and Long 1^(4)_(1)).Three eustatic cycles were recognized in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations.Cycle I corresponds to the Wufeng Formation with the maximum flooding surface at the top ofWu 1.Cycle II corresponds to Long 1,with the maximum flooding surface at the top of Long 1^(3)_(1).CycleⅢⅢcorresponds to Long 2.Furthermore,4 graptolite biozones(WF1 to WF4)were identified in the Wufeng Formation and 9 graptolite biozones(LM1 to LM9)in the Longmaxi Formation.WF1-2 and WF3-4 correspond to Wu 1 and Wu 2,respectively;and LM1,LM2-4,LM5,LM6,and LM7-9 correspond to Long 1^(1)_(1),Long 1^(2)_(1),Long 1^(3)_(1),Long 1^(4)_(1),and Long 12 and Long 2,respectively.Highquality shales mainly occur in the Wufeng Formation and Long 11.The major intervals that should be investigated with regards to shale gas production include LM1eLM5(10m thick)in the Weiyuan Block and WF1eLM5(20e35m thick)in the Changning Block.Long 1^(1)_(1)is believed to be an optimal target for drilling due to its high TOC content,siliceous content,porosity,microfracture density,and horizontal/vertical permeability ratio.展开更多
Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)is considered one of the most effective measures to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050,and low-rank coal reservoirs are commonly recognized as potential CO_(2)storage...Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)is considered one of the most effective measures to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050,and low-rank coal reservoirs are commonly recognized as potential CO_(2)storage sites for carbon sequestration.To evaluate the geological CO_(2)sequestration potential of the low-rank coal reservoirs in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin,multiple experiments were performed on coal samples from that area,including high-pressure mercury porosimetry,low-temperature N2 adsorption,overburden porosity and permeability measurements,and high-pressure CH4 and CO_(2)isothermal adsorption measurements.Combined with the geological properties of the potential reservoir,including coal seam development and hydrodynamic characteristics,the areas between Santun River and Sigong River in the Junggar Basin were found to be suitable for CO_(2)sequestration.Consequently,the coal-bearing strata from Santun River to Sigong River can be defined as“potentially favorable areas for CO_(2)eequetfraiion”To better guide the future field test of CO_(2)storage in these areas,three CO_(2)sequestration modes were defined:1)the broad syncline and faulted anticline mode;2)the monoclinic mode;3)the syncline and strike-slip fault mode.展开更多
BACKGROUND The incidence of gastric cancer has significantly increased in recent years.Surgical resection is the main treatment,but the method of digestive tract reconstruction after gastric cancer surgery remains con...BACKGROUND The incidence of gastric cancer has significantly increased in recent years.Surgical resection is the main treatment,but the method of digestive tract reconstruction after gastric cancer surgery remains controversial.In the current study,we sought to explore a reasonable method of digestive tract reconstruction and improve the quality of life and nutritional status of patients after surgery.To this end,we statistically analyzed the clinical results of patients with gastric cancer who underwent jejunal interposition double-tract reconstruction(DTR)and esophageal jejunum Roux-en-Y reconstruction(RY).AIM To explore the application effect of DTR in total laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy(TLTG)and evaluate its safety and efficacy.METHODS We collected the relevant data of 77 patients who underwent TLTG at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from October 2021 to January 2023.Among them,35 cases were treated with DTR,and the remaining 42 cases were treated with traditional RY.After 1:1 propensity score matching,the cases were grouped into 31 cases per group,with evenly distributed data.The clinical characteristics and short-and long-term clinical outcomes of the two groups were statistically analyzed.RESULTS The two groups showed no significant differences in basic data,intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissections,first defecation time after operation,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative complications,and laboratory examination results on the 1st,3rd,and 5th days after operation.The operation time of the DTR group was longer than that of the RY group[(307.58±65.14)min vs(272.45±62.09)min,P=0.016],but the first intake of liquid food in the DTR group was shorter than that in the RY group[(4.45±1.18)d vs(6.0±5.18)d,P=0.028].The incidence of reflux heartburn(Visick grade)and postoperative gallbladder disease in the DTR group was lower than that in the RY group(P=0.033 and P=0.038).Although there was no significant difference in body weight,hemoglobin,prealbumin,and albumin between the two groups at 1,3 and 6 months after surgery,the diet of patients in the DTR group was better than that in the RY group(P=0.031).CONCLUSION The clinical effect of DTR in TLTG is better than that of RY,indicating that it is a more valuable digestive tract reconstruction method in laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery.展开更多
The Sichuan Basin is rich in shale oil and gas resources,with favorable geological conditions that the other shale reservoirs in China cannot match.Thus,the basin is an ideal option for fully"exploring petroleum ...The Sichuan Basin is rich in shale oil and gas resources,with favorable geological conditions that the other shale reservoirs in China cannot match.Thus,the basin is an ideal option for fully"exploring petroleum inside source kitchen"with respect to onshore shale oil and gas in China.This paper analyzes the characteristics of shale oil and gas resources in the United States and China,and points out that maturity plays an important role in controlling shale oil and gas composition.US shale oil and gas exhibit high proportions of light hydrocarbon and wet gas,whereas Chinese marine and transitional shale gas is mainly dry gas and continental shale oil is generally heavy.A comprehensive geological study of shale oil and gas in the Sichuan Basin reveals findings with respect to the following three aspects.First,there are multiple sets of organic-rich shale reservoirs of three types in the basin,such as the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation marine shale,Permian Longtan Formation transitional shale,Triassic Xujiahe Formation lake-swamp shale,and Jurassic lacustrine shale.Marine shale gas enrichment is mainly controlled by four elements:Deep-water shelf facies,moderate thermal evolution,calcium-rich and silicon-rich rock association,and closed roof/floor.Second,the"sweet section"is generally characterized by high total organic carbon,high gas content,large porosity,high brittle minerals content,high formation pressure,and the presence of lamellation/bedding and natural microfractures.Moreover,the"sweet area"is generally characterized by very thick organic-rich shale,moderate thermal evolution,good preservation conditions,and shallow burial depth,which are exemplified by the shale oil and gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,Longtan Formation,and Daanzhai Member of the Ziliujing Formation.Third,the marine,transitional,and continental shale oil and gas resources in the Sichuan Basin account for 50%,25%,and 30%of the respective types of shale oil and gas geological resources in China,with great potential to become the cradle of the shale oil and gas industrial revolution in China.Following the"Conventional Daqing-Oil"(i.e.,the Daqing oilfield in the Songliao Basin)and the"Western Daqing-Oil&Gas"(i.e.,the Changqing oilfield in the Ordos Basin),the Southwest oil and gas field in the Sichuan Basin is expected to be built into a"Sichuan-Chongqing Daqing-Gas"in China.展开更多
Background:5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)and capecitabine-associated cardiotoxicity ranging from asymptomatic electro-cardiography(ECG)abnormalities to severe myocardial infarction has been reported in a number of studies,but s...Background:5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)and capecitabine-associated cardiotoxicity ranging from asymptomatic electro-cardiography(ECG)abnormalities to severe myocardial infarction has been reported in a number of studies,but such cardiotoxicity in Chinese patients with malignant diseases has not been investigated to date.In the present study,we aimed to prospectively evaluate the incidence rates and clinical manifestations of 5-FU-and capecitabine-associated cardiotoxicity in cancer patients recruited from multiple centers in China.Methods:Among the 527 patients who completed the study,196 received 5-FU-based chemotherapy and 331 received capecitabine-based chemotherapy as either first-line or adjuvant therapy.Adverse events were reported during the treatment and up to 28 days of follow-up.Outcome measures included ECG,myocardial enzymes,cardiac troponin,brain natriuretic peptide and echocardiography.Univariate analysis and logistic regression were performed for subgroup analysis and identification of significant independent variables that are associated with cardiotoxicity of both agents.Results:In total,161 of 527 patients(30.6%)experienced cardiotoxicity.The incidence rate of cardiotoxicity was 33.8%(112/331)in the capecitabine group,which was significantly higher than the rate of 25%(49/196)in the 5-FU group(P=0.0042).110/527 patients(20.9%)suffered arrhythmia,105/527(19.9%)developed ischemic changes,while only 20/527 patients(3.8%)presented heart failure and 6/527 patients(1.1%)had myocardial infarction.Pre-existing cardiac disease,hypertension,capecitabine-based chemotherapy and duration of treatment were identified as sig-nificant risk factors associated with cardiotoxicity.The odds ratio were 15.7(prior history of cardiac disease versus no history),1.86(capecitabine versus 5-FU),1.06(5-8 versus 1-4 chemotherapy cycles)and 1.58(hypertension versus no hypertension),respectively.Conclusions:Cardiotoxicity induced by fluoropyrimidines in the Chinese population may be underestimated in clini-cal practice.Close monitoring of patients is recommended,especially for those patients at high risk for cardiotoxicity.Possible risk factors are duration of treatment,capecitabine-based chemotherapy,pre-existing cardiac diseases and hypertension.Trial registration This study was initiated on January 22,2014 and has been retrospectively registered with the registra-tion number ChiCTR1800015434 .展开更多
基金The Hebei Provincial Major Science and Technology Special Project,No.23297701ZBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Special Project,No.22JCZXJC00140Hebei Provincial Government-Funded Clinical Talent Project,No.ZF2023047.
文摘BACKGROUND CALD1 has been discovered to be abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumors,including gastric cancer(GC),and is associated with tumor progression and immune infiltration;however,the roles and mechanisms of CALD1 in epithe-lial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in GC are unknown.AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of CALD1 in GC progression,invasion,and migration.METHODS In this study,the relationship between CALD1 and GC,as well as the possible network regulatory mechanisms of CALD1,was investigated by bioinformatics and validated by experiments.CALD1-siRNA was synthesized and used to trans-fect GC cells.Cell activity was measured using the CCK-8 method,cell migration and invasive ability were measured using wound healing assay and Transwell assay,and the expression levels of relevant genes and proteins in each group of cells were measured using qRT-PCR and Western blot.A GC cell xenograft model RESULTS Bioinformatics results showed that CALD1 was highly expressed in GC tissues,and CALD1 was significantly higher in EMT-type GC tissues than in tissues of other types of GC.The prognosis of patients with high expression of CALD1 was worse than that of patients with low expression,and a prognostic model was constructed and evaluated.The experimental results were consistent with the results of the bioinformatics analysis.The expression level of CALD1 in GC cell lines was all higher than that in gastric epithelial cell line GES-1,with the strongest expression found in AGS and MKN45 cells.Cell activity was significantly reduced after CALD1-siRNA trans-fection of AGS and MKN45 cells.The ability of AGS and MKN45 cells to migrate and invade was reduced after CALD1-siRNA transfection,and the related mRNA and protein expression was altered.According to bioinfor-matics findings in GC samples,the CALD1 gene was significantly associated with the expression of members of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway as well as the EMT signaling pathway,and was closely related to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.Experimental validation revealed that upregulation of CALD1 increased the expression of PI3K,p-AKT,and p-mTOR,members of the PI3K-Akt pathway,while decreasing the expression of PTEN;PI3K-Akt inhibitor treatment decreased the expression of PI3K,p-AKT,and p-mTOR in cells overexpressing CALD1(still higher than that in the normal group),but increased the expression of PTEN(still lower than that in the normal group).CCK-8 results revealed that the effect of CALD1 on tumor cell activity was decreased by the addition of the inhibitor.Scratch and Transwell experiments showed that the effect of CALD1 on tumor cell migration and invasion was weakened by the addition of the PI3K-Akt inhibitor.The mRNA and protein levels of EMT-related genes in AGS and MKN45 cells were greatly altered by the overexpression of CALD1,whereas the effect of overex-pression of CALD1 was significantly weakened by the addition of the PI3K-Akt inhibitor.Animal experiments showed that tumour growth was slow after inhibition of CALD1,and the expression of some PI3K-Akt and EMT pathway proteins was altered.CONCLUSION Increased expression of CALD1 is a key factor in the progression,invasion,and metastasis of GC,which may be associated with regulating the PI3K-Akt pathway to promote EMT.
文摘BACKGROUND The detection rate of depression among university students has been increasing in recent years,becoming one of the main psychological diseases that endangers their physical and mental health.According to statistics,self-harm and suicide,for which there is no effective intervention,are the second leading causes of death.AIM To explore the relationship between different elements and levels of physical activity and college students’depression-symptom-specific working memory indicators.METHODS Of 143 college students were analyzed using the Beck Depression Self-Rating Scale,the Physical Activity Rating Scale,and the Working Memory Task.RESULTS There was a significant difference between college students with depressive symptoms and healthy college students in completing verbal and spatial working memory(SWM)tasks correctly(all P<0.01).Physical Activity Scale-3 scores were significantly and positively correlated with the correct rate of the verbal working memory task(r=0.166)and the correct rate of the SWM task(r=0.210)(all P<0.05).There were significant differences in the correct rates of verbal and SWM tasks according to different exercise intensities(all P<0.05)and different exercise durations(all P<0.05),and no significant differences in the correct rates of verbal and SWM tasks by exercise frequency(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION An increase in physical exercise among college students,particularly medium-and high-intensity exercise and exercise of 30 min or more,can improve the correct rate of completing working memory tasks.
文摘An algorithm named InterOpt for optimizing operational parameters is proposed based on interpretable machine learning,and is demonstrated via optimization of shale gas development.InterOpt consists of three parts:a neural network is used to construct an emulator of the actual drilling and hydraulic fracturing process in the vector space(i.e.,virtual environment);:the Sharpley value method in inter-pretable machine learning is applied to analyzing the impact of geological and operational parameters in each well(i.e.,single well feature impact analysis):and ensemble randomized maximum likelihood(EnRML)is conducted to optimize the operational parameters to comprehensively improve the efficiency of shale gas development and reduce the average cost.In the experiment,InterOpt provides different drilling and fracturing plans for each well according to its specific geological conditions,and finally achieves an average cost reduction of 9.7%for a case study with 104 wells.
基金Supported by Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance(Shanghai University of sport),No.11DZ2261100.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental disorder among college students.The main symptoms include being persistent low mood,sad emotional experiences,lack of pleasure,listlessness,and impaired cognitive function accompanied by tendencies of self-harm and suicide.AIM To clarify the pathways and effects of the behavioral activation system between physical activity and depressive symptoms in college students with depressive symptoms.METHODS This cross-sectional research screened 3047 college students.Of these,472 had depressive symptoms,with a depression detection rate of 15.49%.Furthermore,442 college students with depressive symptoms were analyzed.A one-way analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation,linear regression,and structural equation modeling analyses were used to explore the correlations and pathways of the interactions between the variables.RESULTS Depressive symptoms were significantly negatively correlated with physical activity(r=-0.175,P<0.001),the behavioral activation system(r=-0.197,P<0.001),and drive(r=-0.113,P=0.017).Furthermore,it was negatively correlated with fun-seeking(FS)(r=-0.055,P=0.251);however,it was not significant.Physical activity was significantly positively correlated with reward responsiveness(RR)(r=0.141,P=0.003)and drive(r=0.124,P=0.009)and not significantly positively correlated with FS(r=0.090,P=0.058).The mediating effect of RR between physical activity and depressive symptoms was significant[B=-0.025,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.051 to-0.008,P=0.001].The direct and total effects of physical activity on depressive symptoms and were significant(B=-0.150,95%CI:-0.233 to-0.073,P<0.001;B=-0.175,95%CI:-0.260 to-0.099,P<0.001),respectively.CONCLUSION As physical activity levels increased,depression scores among college students decreased.The mediating effect of RR between physical activity and depressive symptoms was significant.Therefore,colleges and universities should encourage college students with depression to increase their physical activity and improve their behavioral activation system.Particular attention should be paid to RR,which may reduce the prevalence of depressive symptoms.
基金financially supported by a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China,No.13JJ6016
文摘A variety of neurotrophic factors have been shown to repair the damaged peripheral nerve. However, in clinical practice, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor are all peptides or proteins that may be rapidly deactivated at the focal injury site; their local effective concentration time following a single medication cannot meet the required time for spinal axons to regenerate and cross the glial scar. In this study, we produced polymer sustained-release microspheres based on the polylactic-co-glycolic acid copolymer; the microspheres at 300-μm diameter contained nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Six microspheres were longitudinally implanted into the sciatic nerve at the anastomosis site, serving as the experimental group; while the sciatic nerve in the control group was subjected to the end-to-end anastomosis using 10/0 suture thread. At 6 weeks after implantation, the lower limb activity, weight of triceps surae muscle, sciatic nerve conduction velocity and the maximum amplitude were obviously better in the experimental group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, more regenerating nerve fibers were observed and distributed in a dense and ordered manner with thicker myelin sheaths in the experimental group. More angiogenesis was also visible. Experimental findings indicate that polylactic-co-glycolic acid composite microspheres containing nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor can promote the restoration of sciatic nerve in rats after injury.
基金the Science and Technology Plan Projects, Department of Education of Jilin Province, P R China (Grant no. 2006026)
文摘When the electronic nose is used to identify different varieties of distilled liquors, the pattern recognition algorithm is chosen on the basis of the experience, which lacks the guiding principle. In this research, the different brands of distilled spirits were identified using the pattern recognition algorithms (principal component analysis and the artificial neural network). The recognition rates of different algorithms were compared. The recognition rate of the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is the highest. Owing to the slow convergence speed of the BPNN, it tends easily to get into a local minimum. A chaotic BPNN was tried in order to overcome the disadvantage of the BPNN. The convergence speed of the chaotic BPNN is 75.5 times faster than that of the BPNN.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No. 06JJ4022
文摘Previous studies of nerve conduits have investigated numerous properties,such as conduit luminal structure and neurotrophic factor incorporation,for the regeneration of nerve defects.The present study used a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) copolymer to construct a three-dimensional(3D) bionic nerve conduit,with two channels and multiple microtubule lumens,and incorporating two neurotrophic factors,each with their own delivery system,as a novel environment for peripheral nerve regeneration.The efficacy of this conduit in repairing a 1.5 cm sciatic nerve defect was compared with PLGA-alone and PLGA-microfilament conduits,and autologous nerve transplantation.Results showed that compared with the other groups,the 3D bionic nerve conduit had the fastest nerve conduction velocity,largest electromyogram amplitude,and shortest electromyogram latency.In addition,the nerve fiber density,myelin sheath thickness and axon diameter were significantly increased,and the recovery rate of the triceps surae muscle wet weight was lowest.These findings suggest that 3D bionic nerve conduits can provide a suitable microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration to efficiently repair sciatic nerve defects.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81072033 and No.81372580Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.C2010000619+1 种基金Extra Characteristic Foundation of Colleges and Universities in Hebei Province,No.[2005]52the Health Department of Hebei Province,No.20110460
文摘AIM:To investigate the expression of zinc finger protein 139(ZNF139)in gastric cancer(GC),and to analyze its clinical significance.METHODS:A total of 108 patients who were diagnosed with GC and underwent surgery between January 2005and March 2007 were enrolled in this study.Gastric tumor specimens and paired tumor-adjacent tissues were collected and paraffin-embedded,and the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis were recorded.The expression of ZNF139,Bcl-2,Bax,and caspase-3 were determined by immunohistochemistry,and apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated d UTP-biotin nick end labeling.SPSS 13.0software was used for data processing and analyses,and significance was determined at P<0.05.RESULTS:The expression of ZNF139 was stronger in tumors than in tumor-adjacent tissues(66.67%vs 44.44%;P<0.01).Overexpression of ZNF139correlated with tumor differentiation,invasion depth,clinical stage,lymphatic metastasis,and blood vessel invasion(all P s<0.05).Patients with overexpression of ZNF139 had a poorer prognosis(P<0.01),and overexpression of ZNF139 was an independent factor for the prognosis of GC patients by a Cox survival analysis(P=0.02).A negative relationship between ZNF139 and the apoptosis index was observed(r=-0.686;P<0.01).The expression of Bcl-2 in GC was stronger than in tumor-adjacent tissues(66.67%vs41.67%),whereas the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 were lower in primary tumors(54.63%and47.22%,respectively)than in tumor-adjacent tissues(73.15%and 73.15%,respectively)(all Ps<0.05).The expression of ZNF139 negatively correlated with caspase-3(r=-0.370;P<0.01).The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were also negatively correlated(r=-0.231;P=0.02).The expressions of caspase-3 and Bax protein were positively correlated(r=0.217;P=0.024).CONCLUSION:ZNF139 is related to clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of GC.Furthermore,it is overexpressed and involved in apoptosis in GC tissues by regulating caspase-3.
文摘Renin is the rate-limiting enzyme of the reninangiotensin system (RAS). In addition to its enzymatic activity to generate angiotensin I, renin also signals through the (pro)renin receptor to exert angiotensin II-independent effects. In this study we examined the effect of renin inhibition on the development of diabetic nephropathy. Male DBA/2J mice were induced to diabetes with streptozotocin, and the diabetic mice were treated for 16 weeks with saline or aliskiren, a renin enzymatic inhibitor. Aliskiren treatment had little effects on blood glucose and blood pressure in diabetic mice. Saline-treated mice developed progressive albuminuria and glome-rulosclerosis, and aliskiren treatment effectively alleviated albumiuria and glomerulosclerosis. Morphologically aliskiren treatment prevented the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and reduced podocyte loss. At the molecular levels, aliskiren prevented the decline of slit diaphragm proteins and blocked the synthesis of extracellular matrix and pro-fibrotic factors in the diabetic kidney. Aliskiren treatment results in compensatory renin increase in the glomeruli due to blockade of the negative feedback loop, and also partially suppressed the intracellular signaling mediated by the (pro)renin receptor activated in hyperglycemia. These observations suggest that the therapeutic activity of aliskiren to prevent diabetic renal injury is contributed by inhibition of both the angiotensin II-dependent and -independent pathways. Taken together, it is concluded that inhibition of renin enzymatic activity ameliorates diabetic renal injury in type 1 diabetes, and support the use of aliskiren in diabetes kidney disease.
基金supported by grants from Chinese Ministry of Education (20070319006)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Phylogeographic studies of Eremias lizards(Lacertidae) in East Asia have been limited, and the impact of major climatic events on their population dynamics remains poorly known. This study aimed to investigate population histories and refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum of two sympatric Eremias lizards(E. argus and E. brenchleyi) inhabiting northern China. We sequenced partial mitochondrial DNA from the ND4 gene for 128 individuals of E. argus from nine localities, and 46 individuals of E. brenchleyi from five localities. Forty-four ND4 haplotypes were determined from E. argus samples, and 33 from E. brenchleyi samples. Population expansion events began about 0.0044 Ma in E. argus, and 0.031 Ma in E. brenchleyi. The demographic history of E. brenchleyi indicates a long-lasting population decline since the most recent common ancestor, while that of E. argus indicates a continuous population growth. Among-population structure was significant in both species, and there were multiple refugia across their range. Intermittent gene flow occurred among expanded populations across multiple refugia during warmer phases of the glacial period, and this may explain why the effective population size has remained relatively stable in E. brenchleyi and grown in E. argus.
基金Preparation of this manuscript was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41572079)National Major Science and Technology Project(No.2017ZX05035).
文摘Stratigraphic division and correlation are crucial for the identification of sweet spots and drilling design of shale gas.In this study,a stratigraphic division and correlation was carried out for the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in southern China from the prospective of lithostratigraphy,sea level changes,and biostratigraphy using data from seismic investigation,wells,and outcrops.The Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations were respectively divided into four members,Wu 1 and Wu2 for the former and Long 1 and Long 2 for the latter.Of the members,Long 1 was subdivided and its first subdivision(Long 11)was further divided into 4 layers(Long 1^(1)_(1),Long 1^(2)_(1),Long 1^(3)_(1),and Long 1^(4)_(1)).Three eustatic cycles were recognized in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations.Cycle I corresponds to the Wufeng Formation with the maximum flooding surface at the top ofWu 1.Cycle II corresponds to Long 1,with the maximum flooding surface at the top of Long 1^(3)_(1).CycleⅢⅢcorresponds to Long 2.Furthermore,4 graptolite biozones(WF1 to WF4)were identified in the Wufeng Formation and 9 graptolite biozones(LM1 to LM9)in the Longmaxi Formation.WF1-2 and WF3-4 correspond to Wu 1 and Wu 2,respectively;and LM1,LM2-4,LM5,LM6,and LM7-9 correspond to Long 1^(1)_(1),Long 1^(2)_(1),Long 1^(3)_(1),Long 1^(4)_(1),and Long 12 and Long 2,respectively.Highquality shales mainly occur in the Wufeng Formation and Long 11.The major intervals that should be investigated with regards to shale gas production include LM1eLM5(10m thick)in the Weiyuan Block and WF1eLM5(20e35m thick)in the Changning Block.Long 1^(1)_(1)is believed to be an optimal target for drilling due to its high TOC content,siliceous content,porosity,microfracture density,and horizontal/vertical permeability ratio.
文摘Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)is considered one of the most effective measures to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050,and low-rank coal reservoirs are commonly recognized as potential CO_(2)storage sites for carbon sequestration.To evaluate the geological CO_(2)sequestration potential of the low-rank coal reservoirs in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin,multiple experiments were performed on coal samples from that area,including high-pressure mercury porosimetry,low-temperature N2 adsorption,overburden porosity and permeability measurements,and high-pressure CH4 and CO_(2)isothermal adsorption measurements.Combined with the geological properties of the potential reservoir,including coal seam development and hydrodynamic characteristics,the areas between Santun River and Sigong River in the Junggar Basin were found to be suitable for CO_(2)sequestration.Consequently,the coal-bearing strata from Santun River to Sigong River can be defined as“potentially favorable areas for CO_(2)eequetfraiion”To better guide the future field test of CO_(2)storage in these areas,three CO_(2)sequestration modes were defined:1)the broad syncline and faulted anticline mode;2)the monoclinic mode;3)the syncline and strike-slip fault mode.
基金Supported by 2024 Government-funded Clinical Medicine Talent Project,No.ZF2024122.
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence of gastric cancer has significantly increased in recent years.Surgical resection is the main treatment,but the method of digestive tract reconstruction after gastric cancer surgery remains controversial.In the current study,we sought to explore a reasonable method of digestive tract reconstruction and improve the quality of life and nutritional status of patients after surgery.To this end,we statistically analyzed the clinical results of patients with gastric cancer who underwent jejunal interposition double-tract reconstruction(DTR)and esophageal jejunum Roux-en-Y reconstruction(RY).AIM To explore the application effect of DTR in total laparoscopic radical total gastrectomy(TLTG)and evaluate its safety and efficacy.METHODS We collected the relevant data of 77 patients who underwent TLTG at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from October 2021 to January 2023.Among them,35 cases were treated with DTR,and the remaining 42 cases were treated with traditional RY.After 1:1 propensity score matching,the cases were grouped into 31 cases per group,with evenly distributed data.The clinical characteristics and short-and long-term clinical outcomes of the two groups were statistically analyzed.RESULTS The two groups showed no significant differences in basic data,intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissections,first defecation time after operation,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative complications,and laboratory examination results on the 1st,3rd,and 5th days after operation.The operation time of the DTR group was longer than that of the RY group[(307.58±65.14)min vs(272.45±62.09)min,P=0.016],but the first intake of liquid food in the DTR group was shorter than that in the RY group[(4.45±1.18)d vs(6.0±5.18)d,P=0.028].The incidence of reflux heartburn(Visick grade)and postoperative gallbladder disease in the DTR group was lower than that in the RY group(P=0.033 and P=0.038).Although there was no significant difference in body weight,hemoglobin,prealbumin,and albumin between the two groups at 1,3 and 6 months after surgery,the diet of patients in the DTR group was better than that in the RY group(P=0.031).CONCLUSION The clinical effect of DTR in TLTG is better than that of RY,indicating that it is a more valuable digestive tract reconstruction method in laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery.
基金supported by the National Oil and Gas Major Project(Grant Nos.2017ZX05035&2016ZX05046)。
文摘The Sichuan Basin is rich in shale oil and gas resources,with favorable geological conditions that the other shale reservoirs in China cannot match.Thus,the basin is an ideal option for fully"exploring petroleum inside source kitchen"with respect to onshore shale oil and gas in China.This paper analyzes the characteristics of shale oil and gas resources in the United States and China,and points out that maturity plays an important role in controlling shale oil and gas composition.US shale oil and gas exhibit high proportions of light hydrocarbon and wet gas,whereas Chinese marine and transitional shale gas is mainly dry gas and continental shale oil is generally heavy.A comprehensive geological study of shale oil and gas in the Sichuan Basin reveals findings with respect to the following three aspects.First,there are multiple sets of organic-rich shale reservoirs of three types in the basin,such as the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation marine shale,Permian Longtan Formation transitional shale,Triassic Xujiahe Formation lake-swamp shale,and Jurassic lacustrine shale.Marine shale gas enrichment is mainly controlled by four elements:Deep-water shelf facies,moderate thermal evolution,calcium-rich and silicon-rich rock association,and closed roof/floor.Second,the"sweet section"is generally characterized by high total organic carbon,high gas content,large porosity,high brittle minerals content,high formation pressure,and the presence of lamellation/bedding and natural microfractures.Moreover,the"sweet area"is generally characterized by very thick organic-rich shale,moderate thermal evolution,good preservation conditions,and shallow burial depth,which are exemplified by the shale oil and gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation,Longtan Formation,and Daanzhai Member of the Ziliujing Formation.Third,the marine,transitional,and continental shale oil and gas resources in the Sichuan Basin account for 50%,25%,and 30%of the respective types of shale oil and gas geological resources in China,with great potential to become the cradle of the shale oil and gas industrial revolution in China.Following the"Conventional Daqing-Oil"(i.e.,the Daqing oilfield in the Songliao Basin)and the"Western Daqing-Oil&Gas"(i.e.,the Changqing oilfield in the Ordos Basin),the Southwest oil and gas field in the Sichuan Basin is expected to be built into a"Sichuan-Chongqing Daqing-Gas"in China.
文摘Background:5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)and capecitabine-associated cardiotoxicity ranging from asymptomatic electro-cardiography(ECG)abnormalities to severe myocardial infarction has been reported in a number of studies,but such cardiotoxicity in Chinese patients with malignant diseases has not been investigated to date.In the present study,we aimed to prospectively evaluate the incidence rates and clinical manifestations of 5-FU-and capecitabine-associated cardiotoxicity in cancer patients recruited from multiple centers in China.Methods:Among the 527 patients who completed the study,196 received 5-FU-based chemotherapy and 331 received capecitabine-based chemotherapy as either first-line or adjuvant therapy.Adverse events were reported during the treatment and up to 28 days of follow-up.Outcome measures included ECG,myocardial enzymes,cardiac troponin,brain natriuretic peptide and echocardiography.Univariate analysis and logistic regression were performed for subgroup analysis and identification of significant independent variables that are associated with cardiotoxicity of both agents.Results:In total,161 of 527 patients(30.6%)experienced cardiotoxicity.The incidence rate of cardiotoxicity was 33.8%(112/331)in the capecitabine group,which was significantly higher than the rate of 25%(49/196)in the 5-FU group(P=0.0042).110/527 patients(20.9%)suffered arrhythmia,105/527(19.9%)developed ischemic changes,while only 20/527 patients(3.8%)presented heart failure and 6/527 patients(1.1%)had myocardial infarction.Pre-existing cardiac disease,hypertension,capecitabine-based chemotherapy and duration of treatment were identified as sig-nificant risk factors associated with cardiotoxicity.The odds ratio were 15.7(prior history of cardiac disease versus no history),1.86(capecitabine versus 5-FU),1.06(5-8 versus 1-4 chemotherapy cycles)and 1.58(hypertension versus no hypertension),respectively.Conclusions:Cardiotoxicity induced by fluoropyrimidines in the Chinese population may be underestimated in clini-cal practice.Close monitoring of patients is recommended,especially for those patients at high risk for cardiotoxicity.Possible risk factors are duration of treatment,capecitabine-based chemotherapy,pre-existing cardiac diseases and hypertension.Trial registration This study was initiated on January 22,2014 and has been retrospectively registered with the registra-tion number ChiCTR1800015434 .
