Objective:Monocytes/macrophages,proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are important in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis.Interleukin(IL)-13 has been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory properties. This stu...Objective:Monocytes/macrophages,proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are important in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis.Interleukin(IL)-13 has been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory properties. This study was designed to investigate the effect of IL-13 on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines,chemokines and profibrogenic cytokines and the involved molecular mechanism in cultured human mesangial cells (HMCs).Methods:The expressions of proinflammatory cytokines,chemokines and profibrogenic cytokines were determined by ribonuclease protection assay(RPA).Activity of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)and activa- tor protein-1(AP-1)was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA).NF-κB subunit p65 nuclear transportation and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)activity were assayed by immunoblot.Results:Recombinant IL-13 inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-1α,IL-1β,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), IL-8,and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)mRNA expressions in a dose-dependent manner.Lipopoly-sacchorides(LPS)dramatically increased NF-κB DNA binding activity of HMCs,which was inhibited by IL-13 in a dose-dependent manner.LPS-activated NF-κB contained p50 and p65 dimers,but not c-Rel subunit.IL-13 blocked LPS-induced NF-κB subunit p65.LPS stimulated JNK/AP-1 activation,which was inhibited by IL-13 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion:IL-13 inhibits proinflammatory cytokines,chemokines,and profibrogenic cytokines synthesis by blocking NF-κB and JNK/AP-1 activation.These observations point to the importance of IL-13 in the modulation of inflammatory processes in the renal glomerulus.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the expression of resistin gene in diet-induced obesity (DIO) and diet resistance (DR) rats. Methods: DIO and DR models were prepared with male SD rats after 6 weeks feeding by a diet of rela...Objective: To investigate the expression of resistin gene in diet-induced obesity (DIO) and diet resistance (DR) rats. Methods: DIO and DR models were prepared with male SD rats after 6 weeks feeding by a diet of relatively high fat, sucrose, and caloric content (HE diet). Body-weight, fat mass, and the concentration of serum insulin were measured, and the expression of resistin and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptory-γ(PPAR-γ) gene in whit adipose tissue (WAT) was also detected by RT-PCR. Results: ① Body weight, fat mass and the concentration of serum insulin were significantly increased in DIO rats and decreased in DR rats. ② The expression of resistin and PPARγ gene was upregulated in DIO group and supressed in DR group, but the expression of resistin was not detectable in all samples within three groups. Conclusion: Resistin may serve as a link between obesity and insulin resistance, but the individual difference is enormous.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effect of the calcium channel blocker verapamil on adipocyte differentiation and its mechanism of action. Methods: Preadipocytes from 3T3-L1 strain mouse embryos were cultured and differe...Objective: To investigate the effect of the calcium channel blocker verapamil on adipocyte differentiation and its mechanism of action. Methods: Preadipocytes from 3T3-L1 strain mouse embryos were cultured and differentiated into matured adipocytes in vitro. Verapamil was added to the culture medium in the concentration of 30 μmol/L on Day 0. Cell differentiation was determined by Oil Red O staining and marker gene mRNA expression was evaluated and compared by RT-PCR. The fluo-3/AM probe and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to measure intracellular calcium concentrations. Results: ①The differentiation rate of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes exposed to verapamil was lower than that of untreated cells. ②Verapamil promoted the retention of pref-1 gene expression. Lipoprotein lipase expression in the verapamil group was significantly lower than that in the control group on Day 4, Day 6 and Day 8 (P < 0.05) and resistin expression was significantly lower than that in the control group on Day 6, Day 8 and Day 10 (P < 0.05). Fatty acid synthase expression in the verapamil group was significantly lower than that in the control group from Day 2 (P < 0.05). ③ Intracellular concentrations of calcium [Ca2+]i in the verapamil group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group on Day 2, Day 4 and Day 6 (P < 0.05), while there was no obvious difference between the two groups on Day 0 (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes verapamil significantly reduced adipocyte differentiation, down-regulated the mRNA expression of three marker genes for adipocytes differentiation, and prolonged the mRNA expression of an inhibitor of differentiation. The inhibitory effect of verapamil on differentiation may involve its role as a blocker of calcium influx in adipocytes.展开更多
The Pearl River Delta,where Aedes albopictus(Ae.albopictus)is the only vector for dengue transmission,has exhibited one of the highest dengue burdens in southern China in recent decades.However,whether dengue virus(DE...The Pearl River Delta,where Aedes albopictus(Ae.albopictus)is the only vector for dengue transmission,has exhibited one of the highest dengue burdens in southern China in recent decades.However,whether dengue virus(DENV)can overwinter in Ae.albopictus in the Pearl River Delta has not been determined to date.In this study,300 field-derived Ae.albopictus mosquitoes from Guangzhou that were infected with the predominant endemic DENV-1 strain were investigated under simulated urban balcony environment from October 16,2016,to June 16,2017.The vertical transmission of DENV in the infected overwintering Ae.albopictus was analyzed.The DENV infected overwintering mosquitoes were evaluated for viral load at nine-time points using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR.The vector competence of the infected overwintering Ae.albopictus was also investigated by using suckling mice.Adult mosquitoes and larvae were found during the observation period.The vertical transmission of DENV-1 was documented.The DENV-1-positive rates between overwintering males and females had no difference.The proportion of DENV-1-positive overwintering mosquitoes decreased over time and had no difference beyond three months after the experiment.Overwintering mosquitoes can spread DENV-1 to hosts.No engorged mosquitoes at an ambient temperature below 15℃were observed.The ratio of engorged mosquitoes was positively correlated with the ambient temperature ranging from 15 to 30℃.Our results demonstrated that DENV can overwinter in Ae.albopictus in the Pearl River Delta,Ae.albopictus is the competent vector for DENV,and maintain autochthonous dengue outbreaks in the Pearl River Delta through vertical transmission.展开更多
The results of time series sediment trap experiments in the South China Sea show that particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes are influenced by the monsoons. The increase of productivity in the northern South China Se...The results of time series sediment trap experiments in the South China Sea show that particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes are influenced by the monsoons. The increase of productivity in the northern South China Sea is mainly due to northeast monsoon while in the central South China Sea the influence of southwest monsoon becomes more prominent. The annual primary production and export production calculated based on POC fluxes are 53 0-63 4 and 10 32-12 93 gC·m -2·a -1, respectively. The enhancement of POC flux during monsoon period suggest that higher palaeoproductivity or organic carbon accumulation rate in glacial age in the South China Sea might be the result of strengthening of the monsoons.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to construct a podocin fluorescence expression vector and observe the effects of podocin transfection on CD2AP distribution in HEK293 cells.The pGEMT-easy vector containing the full-length cDN...The aim of this paper is to construct a podocin fluorescence expression vector and observe the effects of podocin transfection on CD2AP distribution in HEK293 cells.The pGEMT-easy vector containing the full-length cDNA encoding human podocin was cloned and digested with BamHI and XhoI.The digested full-length podocin was subcloned into pEGFP-C2.The constructed plas-mids were transfected into HEK293 cells and its effects on CD2AP distribution were observed by immunofluo-rescence.The pEGFP-NPHS2 expression vector was successfully constructed and podocin exclusively located on the HEK293 cell membrane.After podocin transfec-tion,CD2AP redistributed from the perinucleus to the cytoplasm in HEK293 cells.It can be concluded that podocin can recruit CD2AP to redistribute from the perinucleus to the cytoplasm in HEK293 cells.展开更多
Striving to peak carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality(known as the"Dual-Carbon"goal)is an inevitable requirement for elevating the environmental resource constraints and realizing harmonious coexis...Striving to peak carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality(known as the"Dual-Carbon"goal)is an inevitable requirement for elevating the environmental resource constraints and realizing harmonious coexistence between the mankind and the earth.In the energy system,nuclear energy offers various advantages,such as high energy density,low carbon emission,strong environmental adaptability and large potential for energy co-generation and co-supply.It is one of the supporting energy sources for the transformation and upgradation of the energy system to a clean,efficient and low-carbon way.In this paper,the opportunities and challenges for innovation-driven nuclear energy development in the fields of electricity generation,hydrogen production,heat supply and seawater desalination under the goal of"Dual-Carbon"are discussed and analyzed.Besides,the relevant research on improving the safety and economy of the pressurized water reactor(PWR)and sodium-cooled fast reactor(SFR)conducted by the Nuclear THermal-hydraulic research Lab(NuTHeL)of Xi’an Jiaotong University is briefly introduced.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30872803 to Aihua Zhang,No.30772365 to Songming Huang)the Jiangsu Key Medical Talent Foundation(No.RC2007015 to Aihua Zhangthe Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry of China
文摘Objective:Monocytes/macrophages,proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are important in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis.Interleukin(IL)-13 has been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory properties. This study was designed to investigate the effect of IL-13 on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines,chemokines and profibrogenic cytokines and the involved molecular mechanism in cultured human mesangial cells (HMCs).Methods:The expressions of proinflammatory cytokines,chemokines and profibrogenic cytokines were determined by ribonuclease protection assay(RPA).Activity of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)and activa- tor protein-1(AP-1)was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA).NF-κB subunit p65 nuclear transportation and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)activity were assayed by immunoblot.Results:Recombinant IL-13 inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),IL-1α,IL-1β,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), IL-8,and transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)mRNA expressions in a dose-dependent manner.Lipopoly-sacchorides(LPS)dramatically increased NF-κB DNA binding activity of HMCs,which was inhibited by IL-13 in a dose-dependent manner.LPS-activated NF-κB contained p50 and p65 dimers,but not c-Rel subunit.IL-13 blocked LPS-induced NF-κB subunit p65.LPS stimulated JNK/AP-1 activation,which was inhibited by IL-13 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion:IL-13 inhibits proinflammatory cytokines,chemokines,and profibrogenic cytokines synthesis by blocking NF-κB and JNK/AP-1 activation.These observations point to the importance of IL-13 in the modulation of inflammatory processes in the renal glomerulus.
基金Natural Science Foundation (Grant Number:30371502) , Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant Number : BK2001120)
文摘Objective: To investigate the expression of resistin gene in diet-induced obesity (DIO) and diet resistance (DR) rats. Methods: DIO and DR models were prepared with male SD rats after 6 weeks feeding by a diet of relatively high fat, sucrose, and caloric content (HE diet). Body-weight, fat mass, and the concentration of serum insulin were measured, and the expression of resistin and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptory-γ(PPAR-γ) gene in whit adipose tissue (WAT) was also detected by RT-PCR. Results: ① Body weight, fat mass and the concentration of serum insulin were significantly increased in DIO rats and decreased in DR rats. ② The expression of resistin and PPARγ gene was upregulated in DIO group and supressed in DR group, but the expression of resistin was not detectable in all samples within three groups. Conclusion: Resistin may serve as a link between obesity and insulin resistance, but the individual difference is enormous.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30371502)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2001120)
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of the calcium channel blocker verapamil on adipocyte differentiation and its mechanism of action. Methods: Preadipocytes from 3T3-L1 strain mouse embryos were cultured and differentiated into matured adipocytes in vitro. Verapamil was added to the culture medium in the concentration of 30 μmol/L on Day 0. Cell differentiation was determined by Oil Red O staining and marker gene mRNA expression was evaluated and compared by RT-PCR. The fluo-3/AM probe and laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to measure intracellular calcium concentrations. Results: ①The differentiation rate of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes exposed to verapamil was lower than that of untreated cells. ②Verapamil promoted the retention of pref-1 gene expression. Lipoprotein lipase expression in the verapamil group was significantly lower than that in the control group on Day 4, Day 6 and Day 8 (P < 0.05) and resistin expression was significantly lower than that in the control group on Day 6, Day 8 and Day 10 (P < 0.05). Fatty acid synthase expression in the verapamil group was significantly lower than that in the control group from Day 2 (P < 0.05). ③ Intracellular concentrations of calcium [Ca2+]i in the verapamil group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group on Day 2, Day 4 and Day 6 (P < 0.05), while there was no obvious difference between the two groups on Day 0 (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes verapamil significantly reduced adipocyte differentiation, down-regulated the mRNA expression of three marker genes for adipocytes differentiation, and prolonged the mRNA expression of an inhibitor of differentiation. The inhibitory effect of verapamil on differentiation may involve its role as a blocker of calcium influx in adipocytes.
基金This project was supported by the Provincial Science and Technology Projects of Guangdong Province,China(Grant numbers:2014A020219007,2015A020218003,2016A020219006 and 2017A020215101)the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(Grant numbers:A2018167).
文摘The Pearl River Delta,where Aedes albopictus(Ae.albopictus)is the only vector for dengue transmission,has exhibited one of the highest dengue burdens in southern China in recent decades.However,whether dengue virus(DENV)can overwinter in Ae.albopictus in the Pearl River Delta has not been determined to date.In this study,300 field-derived Ae.albopictus mosquitoes from Guangzhou that were infected with the predominant endemic DENV-1 strain were investigated under simulated urban balcony environment from October 16,2016,to June 16,2017.The vertical transmission of DENV in the infected overwintering Ae.albopictus was analyzed.The DENV infected overwintering mosquitoes were evaluated for viral load at nine-time points using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR.The vector competence of the infected overwintering Ae.albopictus was also investigated by using suckling mice.Adult mosquitoes and larvae were found during the observation period.The vertical transmission of DENV-1 was documented.The DENV-1-positive rates between overwintering males and females had no difference.The proportion of DENV-1-positive overwintering mosquitoes decreased over time and had no difference beyond three months after the experiment.Overwintering mosquitoes can spread DENV-1 to hosts.No engorged mosquitoes at an ambient temperature below 15℃were observed.The ratio of engorged mosquitoes was positively correlated with the ambient temperature ranging from 15 to 30℃.Our results demonstrated that DENV can overwinter in Ae.albopictus in the Pearl River Delta,Ae.albopictus is the competent vector for DENV,and maintain autochthonous dengue outbreaks in the Pearl River Delta through vertical transmission.
文摘The results of time series sediment trap experiments in the South China Sea show that particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes are influenced by the monsoons. The increase of productivity in the northern South China Sea is mainly due to northeast monsoon while in the central South China Sea the influence of southwest monsoon becomes more prominent. The annual primary production and export production calculated based on POC fluxes are 53 0-63 4 and 10 32-12 93 gC·m -2·a -1, respectively. The enhancement of POC flux during monsoon period suggest that higher palaeoproductivity or organic carbon accumulation rate in glacial age in the South China Sea might be the result of strengthening of the monsoons.
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30100081).
文摘The aim of this paper is to construct a podocin fluorescence expression vector and observe the effects of podocin transfection on CD2AP distribution in HEK293 cells.The pGEMT-easy vector containing the full-length cDNA encoding human podocin was cloned and digested with BamHI and XhoI.The digested full-length podocin was subcloned into pEGFP-C2.The constructed plas-mids were transfected into HEK293 cells and its effects on CD2AP distribution were observed by immunofluo-rescence.The pEGFP-NPHS2 expression vector was successfully constructed and podocin exclusively located on the HEK293 cell membrane.After podocin transfec-tion,CD2AP redistributed from the perinucleus to the cytoplasm in HEK293 cells.It can be concluded that podocin can recruit CD2AP to redistribute from the perinucleus to the cytoplasm in HEK293 cells.
文摘Striving to peak carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality(known as the"Dual-Carbon"goal)is an inevitable requirement for elevating the environmental resource constraints and realizing harmonious coexistence between the mankind and the earth.In the energy system,nuclear energy offers various advantages,such as high energy density,low carbon emission,strong environmental adaptability and large potential for energy co-generation and co-supply.It is one of the supporting energy sources for the transformation and upgradation of the energy system to a clean,efficient and low-carbon way.In this paper,the opportunities and challenges for innovation-driven nuclear energy development in the fields of electricity generation,hydrogen production,heat supply and seawater desalination under the goal of"Dual-Carbon"are discussed and analyzed.Besides,the relevant research on improving the safety and economy of the pressurized water reactor(PWR)and sodium-cooled fast reactor(SFR)conducted by the Nuclear THermal-hydraulic research Lab(NuTHeL)of Xi’an Jiaotong University is briefly introduced.
