Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2DM established through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin.TGP(5.1×10^(3) Da)was composed of mannose,glucosamine,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galactosamine,glucose,galactose,xylose,and fucose.It could significantly alleviate weight loss,reduce fasting blood glucose levels,reverse dyslipidemia,reduce liver damage from oxidative stress,and improve insulin sensitivity.RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that TGP could activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway to regulate disorders in glucolipid metabolism and improve insulin resistance.TGP increased the abundance of Allobaculum,Akkermansia,and Bifidobacterium,restored the microbiota abundance in the intestinal tracts of mice with T2DM,and promoted short-chain fatty acid production.This study provides new insights into the antidiabetic effects of TGP and highlights its potential as a natural hypoglycemic nutraceutical.展开更多
Traditional expert-designed branching rules in branch-and-bound(B&B) are static, often failing to adapt to diverse and evolving problem instances. Crafting these rules is labor-intensive, and may not scale well wi...Traditional expert-designed branching rules in branch-and-bound(B&B) are static, often failing to adapt to diverse and evolving problem instances. Crafting these rules is labor-intensive, and may not scale well with complex problems.Given the frequent need to solve varied combinatorial optimization problems, leveraging statistical learning to auto-tune B&B algorithms for specific problem classes becomes attractive. This paper proposes a graph pointer network model to learn the branch rules. Graph features, global features and historical features are designated to represent the solver state. The graph neural network processes graph features, while the pointer mechanism assimilates the global and historical features to finally determine the variable on which to branch. The model is trained to imitate the expert strong branching rule by a tailored top-k Kullback-Leibler divergence loss function. Experiments on a series of benchmark problems demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the widely used expert-designed branching rules. It also outperforms state-of-the-art machine-learning-based branch-and-bound methods in terms of solving speed and search tree size on all the test instances. In addition, the model can generalize to unseen instances and scale to larger instances.展开更多
The combined effects of straw incorporation(SI)and polymer-coated urea(PCU)application on soil ammonia(NH_(3))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions from agricultural fields have not been comprehensively evaluated in Nort...The combined effects of straw incorporation(SI)and polymer-coated urea(PCU)application on soil ammonia(NH_(3))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions from agricultural fields have not been comprehensively evaluated in Northwest China.We conducted a two-year field experiment to assess the effects of combining SI with either uncoated urea(U)or PCU on soil NH_(3)emissions,N_(2)O emissions,winter wheat yields,yield-scaled NH_(3)(/NH_(3)),and yield-scaled N_(2)O(/N_(2)O).Five treatments were investigated,no nitrogen(N)fertilizer(N_(0)),U application at 150 kg N ha-1 with and without SI(SI+U and S_(0)+U),and PCU application at 150 kg N ha^(-1) with and without SI(SI+PCU and S_(0)+PCU).The results showed that the NH_(3);emissions increased by 20.98-34.35%following Sl compared to straw removal,mainly due to increases in soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)-N)content and water-flled pore space(WFPS).SI resulted in higher N_(2)O emissions than under the So scenario by 13.31-49.23%due to increases in soil inorganic N(SIN)contents,WFPS,and soil microbial biomass.In contrast,the PCU application reduced the SIN contents compared to the U application,reducing the NH_(3)and N_(2)O emissions by 45.99-58.07 and 18.08-53.04%,respectively.Moreover,no significant positive effects of the SI or PCU applications on the winter wheat yield were observed.The lowest /NH_(3) and /N_(2)O values were observed under the S_(0)+PCU and SI+PCU treatments.Our results suggest that single PCU applications and their combination with straw are the optimal agricultural strategies for mitigating gaseous N emissions and maintaining optimal winter wheat yields in Northwest China.展开更多
Lilies are widely cultivated for cut flowers,but their large anthers carry a considerable amount of colored pollen that is dispersed easily.Studying the molecular mechanism of anther development and dehiscence could h...Lilies are widely cultivated for cut flowers,but their large anthers carry a considerable amount of colored pollen that is dispersed easily.Studying the molecular mechanism of anther development and dehiscence could help solve this problem.LoMYB21,encoding a putative R2R3v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog(MYB)transcription factor,was identified from oriental lilies(Lilium‘Siberia’).Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that LoMYB21 was mainly expressed in the anther,filament and stigma and had high expression during the late stages of lily anther development.LoMYB21 had transactivation activity and was located in the nucleus through yeast one-hybrid assays and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana.Suppression of LoMYB21 by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)in Lilium‘Siberia’led to anther indehiscence and reduced the expression of genes related to Jasmonate acid(JA)biosynthesis and signal transduction.Induction of LoMYB21 in DEX::LoMYB21 transgenic Arabidopsis caused procumbent inflorescences that became infertile,accompanied by higher expression of JA biosynthetic and signaling genes.These results demonstrated that JA content and signaling were abnormal in silenced lily and transgenic LoMYB21 Arabidopsis,which affected anther development.Our study indicated that LoMYB21 could regulate lily anther dehiscence through JA biosynthesis and signaling during the late stages of anther development.展开更多
We design a new hybrid quantum-classical convolutional neural network(HQCCNN)model based on parameter quantum circuits.In this model,we use parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)to redesign the convolutional layer in cl...We design a new hybrid quantum-classical convolutional neural network(HQCCNN)model based on parameter quantum circuits.In this model,we use parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)to redesign the convolutional layer in classical convolutional neural networks,forming a new quantum convolutional layer to achieve unitary transformation of quantum states,enabling the model to more accurately extract hidden information from images.At the same time,we combine the classical fully connected layer with PQCs to form a new hybrid quantum-classical fully connected layer to further improve the accuracy of classification.Finally,we use the MNIST dataset to test the potential of the HQCCNN.The results indicate that the HQCCNN has good performance in solving classification problems.In binary classification tasks,the classification accuracy of numbers 5 and 7 is as high as 99.71%.In multivariate classification,the accuracy rate also reaches 98.51%.Finally,we compare the performance of the HQCCNN with other models and find that the HQCCNN has better classification performance and convergence speed.展开更多
Time series anomaly detection is crucial in various industrial applications to identify unusual behaviors within the time series data.Due to the challenges associated with annotating anomaly events,time series reconst...Time series anomaly detection is crucial in various industrial applications to identify unusual behaviors within the time series data.Due to the challenges associated with annotating anomaly events,time series reconstruction has become a prevalent approach for unsupervised anomaly detection.However,effectively learning representations and achieving accurate detection results remain challenging due to the intricate temporal patterns and dependencies in real-world time series.In this paper,we propose a cross-dimension attentive feature fusion network for time series anomaly detection,referred to as CAFFN.Specifically,a series and feature mixing block is introduced to learn representations in 1D space.Additionally,a fast Fourier transform is employed to convert the time series into 2D space,providing the capability for 2D feature extraction.Finally,a cross-dimension attentive feature fusion mechanism is designed that adaptively integrates features across different dimensions for anomaly detection.Experimental results on real-world time series datasets demonstrate that CAFFN performs better than other competing methods in time series anomaly detection.展开更多
Background:Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)represents a prevalent malignancy in the oral and maxillofacial area,having a considerable negative impact on both the quality of life and overall survival of affected indi...Background:Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)represents a prevalent malignancy in the oral and maxillofacial area,having a considerable negative impact on both the quality of life and overall survival of affected individuals.Our research endeavors to leverage bioinformatic approaches to elucidate oncogenic signaling pathways,with the ultimate goal of gaining deeper insights into the molecular underpinnings of OSCC pathogenesis,and thus laying the groundwork for the development of more effective therapeutic and preventive strategies.Methods:Differential expression analysis was performed on mRNA data from tumor and normal tissue groups to identify genes associated with OSCC,using The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Predictions of oncogenic signaling pathways linked to differentially expressedmRNAs were made,and these results were presented visually using R software,using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichments.Results:GO and KEGG analyses of 2938 differentially expressed genes in OSCC highlighted their significant involvement in various biological processes.Notably,these processes were related to the extracellular matrix,structural organization,connective tissue development,and cell cycle regulation.Conclusions:The comprehensive exploration of gene expression patterns provides valuable insights into potential oncogenic mechanisms in OSCC.展开更多
Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate effective diagnostic molecular markers and the specific mechanisms of metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas(PPGLs).Methods:Data were collected from GEO datas...Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate effective diagnostic molecular markers and the specific mechanisms of metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas(PPGLs).Methods:Data were collected from GEO datasets GSE67066 and GSE60458.The R software and various packages were utilized for the analysis of differentially expressed genes,Gene Ontology analysis,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,receiver operating characteristic curve assessment,logistic model construction,and correlation analysis.The NetworkAnalyst tool was used to analyze gene-miRNA interactions and signaling networks.In addition,the TIMER database was used to estimate the immune scores.Results:A total of 203 and 499 differentially expressed genes were identified in GSE67066 and GSE60458,respectively.These genes are implicated in cytokine and cytokine receptor interactions,extracellular matrix–receptor interactions,and platelet activation signaling pathways.Notably,MAMLD1,UST,MATN2,LPL,TWIST1,SFRP4,FRMD6,RBM24,PRIMA1,LYPD1,KCND2,CAMK2N1,SPOCK3,and ALPK3 were identified as the key genes.Among them,MATN2 and TWIST1 were found to be coexpressed with epithelial-mesenchymal transition–linked markers,whereas KCND2 and LPL exhibited associations with immune checkpoint expression and immune cell infiltration.Eight miRNAs were identified as potential regulators of key gene expression,and it was noted that TWIST1 might be regulated by SUZ12.Notably,the area under the curve of the 4-gene model for distinguishing between malignant and benign groups was calculated to be 0.918.Conclusions:The combined gene and mRNA expression model enhances the diagnostic accuracy of assessing PPGL metastatic potential.These findings suggest that multiple genes may play a role in the metastasis of PPGLs through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and may influence the immune microenvironment.展开更多
Background:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plays a vital role in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer(GC),however,optimizing its effectiveness remains an important research focus.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),a promi...Background:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plays a vital role in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer(GC),however,optimizing its effectiveness remains an important research focus.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),a promising adjunctive therapy,has shown enhanced clinical outcomes when combined with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.Therefore,this study is designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy FLOT in the treatment of advanced GC.Methods:This study is a prospective,double-arm,randomized controlled trial.It involves a total of 260 patients diagnosed with advanced GC,who will be randomly assigned to two groups-a TCM treatment group and a control group,each comprising 130 patients.All patients will receive standard FLOT chemotherapy,and patients in the TCM treatment group will additionally receive TCM treatment with Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction.After four cycles of chemotherapy,GC D2 radical surgery will be performed.The primary objective is to evaluate the postoperative pathological response rate of the tumor.The secondary objectives include evaluating the perioperative nutritional status,the efficacy of TCM syndrome,and adverse events associated with both chemotherapy and surgery.Discussion:Currently,no trials have investigated the impact of TCM in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the preoperative treatment in patients with advanced GC.Accordingly,it is imperative to conduct this prospective study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of this regimen,meanwhile providing high-level clinical evidence for TCM combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and introducing an innovative regimen for preoperative comprehensive treatment of GC.展开更多
Objective:To apply and verify the application of intelligent audit rules for urine analysis by Cui et al.Method:A total of 1139 urine samples of hospitalized patients in Tai’an Central Hospital from September 2021 to...Objective:To apply and verify the application of intelligent audit rules for urine analysis by Cui et al.Method:A total of 1139 urine samples of hospitalized patients in Tai’an Central Hospital from September 2021 to November 2021 were randomly selected,and all samples were manually microscopic examined after the detection of the UN9000 urine analysis line.The intelligent audit rules(including the microscopic review rules and manual verification rules)were validated based on the manual microscopic examination and manual audit,and the rules were adjusted to apply to our laboratory.The laboratory turnaround time(TAT)before and after the application of intelligent audit rules was compared.Result:The microscopic review rate of intelligent rules was 25.63%(292/1139),the true positive rate,false positive rate,true negative rate,and false negative rate were 27.66%(315/1139),6.49%(74/1139),62.34%(710/1139)and 3.51%(40/1139),respectively.The approval consistency rate of manual verification rules was 84.92%(727/856),the approval inconsistency rate was 0%(0/856),the interception consistency rate was 12.61%(108/856),and the interception inconsistency rate was 0%(0/856).Conclusion:The intelligence audit rules for urine analysis by Cui et al.have good clinical applicability in our laboratory.展开更多
Chlorophylls and carotenoids are essential and bene fi cial substances for both plant and human health.Identifying the regulatory network of these pigments is necessary for improving fruit quality.In a previous study,...Chlorophylls and carotenoids are essential and bene fi cial substances for both plant and human health.Identifying the regulatory network of these pigments is necessary for improving fruit quality.In a previous study,we identi fi ed an R2R3-MYB transcription factor,SlMYB72,that plays an important role in chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolism in tomato fruit.Here,we demonstrated that the SlMYB72-interacting protein SlZHD17,which belongs to the zinc-fi nger homeodomain transcription factor family,also functions in chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolism.Silencing SIZHD 17 in tomato improved multiple bene fi cial agronomic traits,including dwar fi sm,accelerated fl owering,and earlier fruit harvest.More importantly,downregulating SIZHD17 in fruits resulted in larger chloroplasts and a higher chlorophyll content.Dual-luciferase,yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays clari fi ed that SlZHD17 regulates the chlorophyll biosynthesis gene SIPOR-B and chloroplast developmental regulator SITKN2 in a direct manner.Chlorophyll degradation and plastid transformation were also retarded after suppression of SIZHD17 in fruits,which was caused by the inhibition of SISGR1,a crucial factor in chlorophyll degradation.On the other hand,the expression of the carotenoid biosynthesis genes SIPSY1 and SIZISO was also suppressed and directly regulated by SlZHD17,which induced uneven pigmentation and decreased the lycopene content in fruits with SIZHD17 suppression at the ripe stage.Furthermore,the protein-protein interactions between SlZHD17 and other pigment regulators,including SlARF4,SlBEL11,and SlTAGL1,were also presented.This study provides new insight into the complex pigment regulatory network and provides new options for breeding strategies aiming to improve fruit quality.展开更多
Elaioplasts of citrus peel are colorless plastids which accumulate significant amounts of terpenes.However,other functions of elaioplasts have not been fully characterized to date.Here,a LC–MS/MS shotgun technology w...Elaioplasts of citrus peel are colorless plastids which accumulate significant amounts of terpenes.However,other functions of elaioplasts have not been fully characterized to date.Here,a LC–MS/MS shotgun technology was applied to identify the proteins from elaioplasts that were highly purified from young fruit peel of kumquat.A total of 655 putative plastid proteins were identified from elaioplasts according to sequence homology in silico and manual curation.Based on functional classification via Mapman,~50%of the identified proteins fall into six categories,including protein metabolism,transport,and lipid metabolism.Of note,elaioplasts contained ATP synthase and ADP,ATP carrier proteins at high abundance,indicating important roles for ATP generation and transport in elaioplast biogenesis.Additionally,a comparison of proteins between citrus chromoplast and elaioplast proteomes suggest a high level of functional conservation.However,some distinctive protein profiles were also observed in both types of plastids notably for isoprene biosynthesis in elaioplasts,and carotenoid metabolism in chromoplasts.In conclusion,this comprehensive proteomic study provides new insights into the major metabolic pathways and unique characteristics of elaioplasts and chromoplasts in citrus fruit.展开更多
目的:评价配戴基弧非球面设计角膜塑形镜控制近视的临床效果。方法:前瞻性研究。选取2020-01/2021-07于我院验配角膜塑形镜的8~13岁近视患者94例94眼(单眼接受角膜塑形镜治疗者,选取该眼作为观察眼,双眼均接受角膜塑形镜治疗的患者则以...目的:评价配戴基弧非球面设计角膜塑形镜控制近视的临床效果。方法:前瞻性研究。选取2020-01/2021-07于我院验配角膜塑形镜的8~13岁近视患者94例94眼(单眼接受角膜塑形镜治疗者,选取该眼作为观察眼,双眼均接受角膜塑形镜治疗的患者则以右眼作为观察眼),根据患者所配戴的角膜塑形镜基弧区的设计不同分为观察组:配戴基弧非球面设计的角膜塑形镜患者46例;对照组:配戴基弧球面设计的角膜塑形镜患者48例。根据两组患者戴镜前等效球镜(SE)不同进一步分为低度近视组(-3.00D<SE≤-0.75D)52例52眼和中度近视组(-6.00D<SE≤-3.00D)中度近视组42例42眼。评估戴镜后1d,1wk,1、3、6、9mo,1a裸眼视力,并于戴镜后6mo,1a分别测量眼轴。结果:所有患者均完成随访,戴镜1mo后观察组裸眼视力(LogMAR)-0.12±0.08与对照组(-0.17±0.07)比较无差异(P>0.05);两组患者戴镜后6mo,1a眼轴增长平均值均无差异(均P>0.05)。低度近视组中,观察组戴镜1a眼轴增长值为0.19±0.17mm,明显低于对照组(0.31±0.18mm)(P<0.05);中度近视组中,观察组戴镜1a眼轴增长值为0.22±0.18mm,与对照组(0.19±0.12mm)比较无差异(P>0.05)。戴镜后6mo,1a观察组低度近视组与中度近视组眼轴增长值无差异(P>0.05),而对照组低度近视与中度近视组戴镜后6mo(0.15±0.13 vs 0.05±0.12mm)、1a(0.31±0.18 vs 0.19±0.12mm)眼轴增长值均有差异(均P<0.05)。结论:配戴基弧非球面设计角膜塑形镜可以有效提高裸眼视力,延缓眼轴增长。对于低度近视患者,基弧非球面设计角膜塑形镜延缓眼轴增长的效果优于基弧球面设计。展开更多
共价有机框架(COFs)在电催化析氧反应(OER)中的应用得到了广泛的关注。然而,大多数无金属共价有机框架(COFs)的导电性较差,不利于OER反应。四硫富瓦烯(TTF)是一种良好的电子供体,具有快速的电子转移能力,将TTF整合到共价有机框架骨架中...共价有机框架(COFs)在电催化析氧反应(OER)中的应用得到了广泛的关注。然而,大多数无金属共价有机框架(COFs)的导电性较差,不利于OER反应。四硫富瓦烯(TTF)是一种良好的电子供体,具有快速的电子转移能力,将TTF整合到共价有机框架骨架中将有助于电子的转移。在此,我们报道了一种基于四硫富瓦烯的二维无金属共价有机框架材料,JUC-630。与不含四硫富瓦烯的同类材料(Etta-TdCOF)相比,JUC-630具有较低的过电位(400m V)和塔菲尔斜率(104 m V·dec^(-1))。本研究提出了合理设计功能基元的策略,这有助于大大提高COF材料的OER催化活性。展开更多
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the involvement of B cells in neuroinflammation and neuroregeneration.However,the role of B cells in ischemic stroke remains unclear.In this study,we identified a novel phenotype...Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the involvement of B cells in neuroinflammation and neuroregeneration.However,the role of B cells in ischemic stroke remains unclear.In this study,we identified a novel phenotype of macrophage-like B cells in brain-infiltrating immune cells expressing a high level of CD45.Macrophage-like B cells chara cterized by co-expression of B-cell and macrophage markers,showed stronger phagocytic and chemotactic functions compared with other B cells and showed upregulated expression of phagocytosis-related genes.Gene Ontology analysis found that the expression of genes associated with phagocytosis,including phagosome-and lysosome-related genes,was upregulated in macrophage-like B cells.The phagocytic activity of macrophage-like B cells was ve rified by immunostaining and three-dimensional reconstruction,in which TREM2-labeled macrophage-like B cells enwrapped and internalized myelin debris after cerebral ischemia.Cell-cell interaction analysis revealed that macrophage-like B cells released multiple chemokines to recruit peripheral immune cells mainly via CCL pathways.Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that the transdiffe rentiation to macrophage-like B cells may be induced by specific upregulation of the transcription factor CEBP fa mily to the myeloid lineage and/or by downregulation of the transcription factor Pax5 to the lymphoid lineage.Furthermore,this distinct B cell phenotype was detected in brain tissues from mice or patients with traumatic brain injury,Alzheimer’s disease,and glioblastoma.Overall,these results provide a new perspective on the phagocytic capability and chemotactic function of B cells in the ischemic brain.These cells may serve as an immunotherapeutic target for regulating the immune response of ischemic stroke.展开更多
The performance of pearlescent pigment significantly affected by the grain size and the roughness of deposited film. The effect of TiCl_(4) concentration on the initial deposition of TiO_(2) on mica by atmospheric pre...The performance of pearlescent pigment significantly affected by the grain size and the roughness of deposited film. The effect of TiCl_(4) concentration on the initial deposition of TiO_(2) on mica by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(APCVD) was investigated. The precursor concentration significantly affected the deposition and morphology of TiO_(2) grains assembling the film. The deposition time for fully covering the surface of mica decreased from 120 to 10 s as the TiCl_(4) concentration increased from 0.38%to 2.44%. The grain size increased with the TiCl_(4) concentration. The AFM and TEM analysis demonstrated that the aggregation of TiO_(2) clusters at the initial stage finally result to the agglomeration of fine TiO_(2) grains at high TiCl_(4) concentrations. Following the results, it was suggested that the nucleation density and size was easy to be adjusted when the TiCl_(4) concentration is below 0.90%.展开更多
Zinc metal is a promising anode material for next-generation aqueous batteries,but its practical application is limited by the formation of zinc dendrite.To prevent zinc dendrite growth,various Zn^(2+)-conducting but ...Zinc metal is a promising anode material for next-generation aqueous batteries,but its practical application is limited by the formation of zinc dendrite.To prevent zinc dendrite growth,various Zn^(2+)-conducting but water-isolating solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)films have been developed,however,the required high-purity chemical materials are extremely expensive.In this work,phosphogypsum(PG),an industrial byproduct produced from the phosphoric acid industry,is employed as a multifunctional protective layer to navigate uniform zinc deposition.Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that PG-derived CaSO_(4)2H_(2)O can act as an artificial SEI layer to provide fast channels for Zn^(2+)transport.Moreover,CaSO_(4)2H_(2)O could release calcium ions(Ca^(2+))due to its relatively high Kspvalue,which have a higher binding energy than that of Zn^(2+)on the Zn surface,thus preferentially adsorbing to the tips of the protuberances to force zinc ions to nucleate at inert region.As a result,the Zn@PG anode achieves a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%during 500 cycles and long-time stability over 1000 hours at 1 m A cm^(-2).Our findings will not only construct a low-cost artificial SEI film for practical metal batteries,but also achieve a high-value utilization of phosphogypsum waste.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD0900902)Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project(LGJ21C20001)Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Project of China(2019C02076 and 2019C02075)。
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health.We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide(TGP)and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2DM established through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin.TGP(5.1×10^(3) Da)was composed of mannose,glucosamine,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galactosamine,glucose,galactose,xylose,and fucose.It could significantly alleviate weight loss,reduce fasting blood glucose levels,reverse dyslipidemia,reduce liver damage from oxidative stress,and improve insulin sensitivity.RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that TGP could activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway to regulate disorders in glucolipid metabolism and improve insulin resistance.TGP increased the abundance of Allobaculum,Akkermansia,and Bifidobacterium,restored the microbiota abundance in the intestinal tracts of mice with T2DM,and promoted short-chain fatty acid production.This study provides new insights into the antidiabetic effects of TGP and highlights its potential as a natural hypoglycemic nutraceutical.
基金supported by the Open Project of Xiangjiang Laboratory (22XJ02003)Scientific Project of the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT)(ZK21-07, 23-ZZCX-JDZ-28)+1 种基金the National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars (62122093)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72071205)。
文摘Traditional expert-designed branching rules in branch-and-bound(B&B) are static, often failing to adapt to diverse and evolving problem instances. Crafting these rules is labor-intensive, and may not scale well with complex problems.Given the frequent need to solve varied combinatorial optimization problems, leveraging statistical learning to auto-tune B&B algorithms for specific problem classes becomes attractive. This paper proposes a graph pointer network model to learn the branch rules. Graph features, global features and historical features are designated to represent the solver state. The graph neural network processes graph features, while the pointer mechanism assimilates the global and historical features to finally determine the variable on which to branch. The model is trained to imitate the expert strong branching rule by a tailored top-k Kullback-Leibler divergence loss function. Experiments on a series of benchmark problems demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the widely used expert-designed branching rules. It also outperforms state-of-the-art machine-learning-based branch-and-bound methods in terms of solving speed and search tree size on all the test instances. In addition, the model can generalize to unseen instances and scale to larger instances.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1900700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52179046).
文摘The combined effects of straw incorporation(SI)and polymer-coated urea(PCU)application on soil ammonia(NH_(3))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions from agricultural fields have not been comprehensively evaluated in Northwest China.We conducted a two-year field experiment to assess the effects of combining SI with either uncoated urea(U)or PCU on soil NH_(3)emissions,N_(2)O emissions,winter wheat yields,yield-scaled NH_(3)(/NH_(3)),and yield-scaled N_(2)O(/N_(2)O).Five treatments were investigated,no nitrogen(N)fertilizer(N_(0)),U application at 150 kg N ha-1 with and without SI(SI+U and S_(0)+U),and PCU application at 150 kg N ha^(-1) with and without SI(SI+PCU and S_(0)+PCU).The results showed that the NH_(3);emissions increased by 20.98-34.35%following Sl compared to straw removal,mainly due to increases in soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)-N)content and water-flled pore space(WFPS).SI resulted in higher N_(2)O emissions than under the So scenario by 13.31-49.23%due to increases in soil inorganic N(SIN)contents,WFPS,and soil microbial biomass.In contrast,the PCU application reduced the SIN contents compared to the U application,reducing the NH_(3)and N_(2)O emissions by 45.99-58.07 and 18.08-53.04%,respectively.Moreover,no significant positive effects of the SI or PCU applications on the winter wheat yield were observed.The lowest /NH_(3) and /N_(2)O values were observed under the S_(0)+PCU and SI+PCU treatments.Our results suggest that single PCU applications and their combination with straw are the optimal agricultural strategies for mitigating gaseous N emissions and maintaining optimal winter wheat yields in Northwest China.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2020YFD1000402,2018YFD1000400)Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(Grant Nos.2021TC102,2018QC096).
文摘Lilies are widely cultivated for cut flowers,but their large anthers carry a considerable amount of colored pollen that is dispersed easily.Studying the molecular mechanism of anther development and dehiscence could help solve this problem.LoMYB21,encoding a putative R2R3v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog(MYB)transcription factor,was identified from oriental lilies(Lilium‘Siberia’).Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that LoMYB21 was mainly expressed in the anther,filament and stigma and had high expression during the late stages of lily anther development.LoMYB21 had transactivation activity and was located in the nucleus through yeast one-hybrid assays and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana.Suppression of LoMYB21 by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)in Lilium‘Siberia’led to anther indehiscence and reduced the expression of genes related to Jasmonate acid(JA)biosynthesis and signal transduction.Induction of LoMYB21 in DEX::LoMYB21 transgenic Arabidopsis caused procumbent inflorescences that became infertile,accompanied by higher expression of JA biosynthetic and signaling genes.These results demonstrated that JA content and signaling were abnormal in silenced lily and transgenic LoMYB21 Arabidopsis,which affected anther development.Our study indicated that LoMYB21 could regulate lily anther dehiscence through JA biosynthesis and signaling during the late stages of anther development.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (Grant No.ZR2021MF049)the Joint Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant Nos.ZR2022LLZ012 and ZR2021LLZ001)。
文摘We design a new hybrid quantum-classical convolutional neural network(HQCCNN)model based on parameter quantum circuits.In this model,we use parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)to redesign the convolutional layer in classical convolutional neural networks,forming a new quantum convolutional layer to achieve unitary transformation of quantum states,enabling the model to more accurately extract hidden information from images.At the same time,we combine the classical fully connected layer with PQCs to form a new hybrid quantum-classical fully connected layer to further improve the accuracy of classification.Finally,we use the MNIST dataset to test the potential of the HQCCNN.The results indicate that the HQCCNN has good performance in solving classification problems.In binary classification tasks,the classification accuracy of numbers 5 and 7 is as high as 99.71%.In multivariate classification,the accuracy rate also reaches 98.51%.Finally,we compare the performance of the HQCCNN with other models and find that the HQCCNN has better classification performance and convergence speed.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 62376172,62006163,62376043)in part by the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant BX20200226)in part by Sichuan Science and Technology Planning Project(Grants 2022YFSY0047,2022YFQ0014,2023ZYD0143,2022YFH0021,2023YFQ0020,24QYCX0354,24NSFTD0025).
文摘Time series anomaly detection is crucial in various industrial applications to identify unusual behaviors within the time series data.Due to the challenges associated with annotating anomaly events,time series reconstruction has become a prevalent approach for unsupervised anomaly detection.However,effectively learning representations and achieving accurate detection results remain challenging due to the intricate temporal patterns and dependencies in real-world time series.In this paper,we propose a cross-dimension attentive feature fusion network for time series anomaly detection,referred to as CAFFN.Specifically,a series and feature mixing block is introduced to learn representations in 1D space.Additionally,a fast Fourier transform is employed to convert the time series into 2D space,providing the capability for 2D feature extraction.Finally,a cross-dimension attentive feature fusion mechanism is designed that adaptively integrates features across different dimensions for anomaly detection.Experimental results on real-world time series datasets demonstrate that CAFFN performs better than other competing methods in time series anomaly detection.
文摘Background:Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)represents a prevalent malignancy in the oral and maxillofacial area,having a considerable negative impact on both the quality of life and overall survival of affected individuals.Our research endeavors to leverage bioinformatic approaches to elucidate oncogenic signaling pathways,with the ultimate goal of gaining deeper insights into the molecular underpinnings of OSCC pathogenesis,and thus laying the groundwork for the development of more effective therapeutic and preventive strategies.Methods:Differential expression analysis was performed on mRNA data from tumor and normal tissue groups to identify genes associated with OSCC,using The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Predictions of oncogenic signaling pathways linked to differentially expressedmRNAs were made,and these results were presented visually using R software,using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichments.Results:GO and KEGG analyses of 2938 differentially expressed genes in OSCC highlighted their significant involvement in various biological processes.Notably,these processes were related to the extracellular matrix,structural organization,connective tissue development,and cell cycle regulation.Conclusions:The comprehensive exploration of gene expression patterns provides valuable insights into potential oncogenic mechanisms in OSCC.
基金supported by the Project of the 940 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese PLA(no.2021yxky057).
文摘Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate effective diagnostic molecular markers and the specific mechanisms of metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas(PPGLs).Methods:Data were collected from GEO datasets GSE67066 and GSE60458.The R software and various packages were utilized for the analysis of differentially expressed genes,Gene Ontology analysis,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,receiver operating characteristic curve assessment,logistic model construction,and correlation analysis.The NetworkAnalyst tool was used to analyze gene-miRNA interactions and signaling networks.In addition,the TIMER database was used to estimate the immune scores.Results:A total of 203 and 499 differentially expressed genes were identified in GSE67066 and GSE60458,respectively.These genes are implicated in cytokine and cytokine receptor interactions,extracellular matrix–receptor interactions,and platelet activation signaling pathways.Notably,MAMLD1,UST,MATN2,LPL,TWIST1,SFRP4,FRMD6,RBM24,PRIMA1,LYPD1,KCND2,CAMK2N1,SPOCK3,and ALPK3 were identified as the key genes.Among them,MATN2 and TWIST1 were found to be coexpressed with epithelial-mesenchymal transition–linked markers,whereas KCND2 and LPL exhibited associations with immune checkpoint expression and immune cell infiltration.Eight miRNAs were identified as potential regulators of key gene expression,and it was noted that TWIST1 might be regulated by SUZ12.Notably,the area under the curve of the 4-gene model for distinguishing between malignant and benign groups was calculated to be 0.918.Conclusions:The combined gene and mRNA expression model enhances the diagnostic accuracy of assessing PPGL metastatic potential.These findings suggest that multiple genes may play a role in the metastasis of PPGLs through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and may influence the immune microenvironment.
基金This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Ethical approval number:2023NL-046-02)registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(Registration number:ChiCTR2300072742).
文摘Background:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plays a vital role in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer(GC),however,optimizing its effectiveness remains an important research focus.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),a promising adjunctive therapy,has shown enhanced clinical outcomes when combined with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.Therefore,this study is designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy FLOT in the treatment of advanced GC.Methods:This study is a prospective,double-arm,randomized controlled trial.It involves a total of 260 patients diagnosed with advanced GC,who will be randomly assigned to two groups-a TCM treatment group and a control group,each comprising 130 patients.All patients will receive standard FLOT chemotherapy,and patients in the TCM treatment group will additionally receive TCM treatment with Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction.After four cycles of chemotherapy,GC D2 radical surgery will be performed.The primary objective is to evaluate the postoperative pathological response rate of the tumor.The secondary objectives include evaluating the perioperative nutritional status,the efficacy of TCM syndrome,and adverse events associated with both chemotherapy and surgery.Discussion:Currently,no trials have investigated the impact of TCM in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the preoperative treatment in patients with advanced GC.Accordingly,it is imperative to conduct this prospective study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of this regimen,meanwhile providing high-level clinical evidence for TCM combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and introducing an innovative regimen for preoperative comprehensive treatment of GC.
文摘Objective:To apply and verify the application of intelligent audit rules for urine analysis by Cui et al.Method:A total of 1139 urine samples of hospitalized patients in Tai’an Central Hospital from September 2021 to November 2021 were randomly selected,and all samples were manually microscopic examined after the detection of the UN9000 urine analysis line.The intelligent audit rules(including the microscopic review rules and manual verification rules)were validated based on the manual microscopic examination and manual audit,and the rules were adjusted to apply to our laboratory.The laboratory turnaround time(TAT)before and after the application of intelligent audit rules was compared.Result:The microscopic review rate of intelligent rules was 25.63%(292/1139),the true positive rate,false positive rate,true negative rate,and false negative rate were 27.66%(315/1139),6.49%(74/1139),62.34%(710/1139)and 3.51%(40/1139),respectively.The approval consistency rate of manual verification rules was 84.92%(727/856),the approval inconsistency rate was 0%(0/856),the interception consistency rate was 12.61%(108/856),and the interception inconsistency rate was 0%(0/856).Conclusion:The intelligence audit rules for urine analysis by Cui et al.have good clinical applicability in our laboratory.
基金This work was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32002100,31772370,31972470).
文摘Chlorophylls and carotenoids are essential and bene fi cial substances for both plant and human health.Identifying the regulatory network of these pigments is necessary for improving fruit quality.In a previous study,we identi fi ed an R2R3-MYB transcription factor,SlMYB72,that plays an important role in chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolism in tomato fruit.Here,we demonstrated that the SlMYB72-interacting protein SlZHD17,which belongs to the zinc-fi nger homeodomain transcription factor family,also functions in chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolism.Silencing SIZHD 17 in tomato improved multiple bene fi cial agronomic traits,including dwar fi sm,accelerated fl owering,and earlier fruit harvest.More importantly,downregulating SIZHD17 in fruits resulted in larger chloroplasts and a higher chlorophyll content.Dual-luciferase,yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays clari fi ed that SlZHD17 regulates the chlorophyll biosynthesis gene SIPOR-B and chloroplast developmental regulator SITKN2 in a direct manner.Chlorophyll degradation and plastid transformation were also retarded after suppression of SIZHD17 in fruits,which was caused by the inhibition of SISGR1,a crucial factor in chlorophyll degradation.On the other hand,the expression of the carotenoid biosynthesis genes SIPSY1 and SIZISO was also suppressed and directly regulated by SlZHD17,which induced uneven pigmentation and decreased the lycopene content in fruits with SIZHD17 suppression at the ripe stage.Furthermore,the protein-protein interactions between SlZHD17 and other pigment regulators,including SlARF4,SlBEL11,and SlTAGL1,were also presented.This study provides new insight into the complex pigment regulatory network and provides new options for breeding strategies aiming to improve fruit quality.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant nos.31501739)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 project No.2013CB127105)Huazhong Agricultural University Scientific&Technological Self-innovation Foundation(No.2662015BQ034).
文摘Elaioplasts of citrus peel are colorless plastids which accumulate significant amounts of terpenes.However,other functions of elaioplasts have not been fully characterized to date.Here,a LC–MS/MS shotgun technology was applied to identify the proteins from elaioplasts that were highly purified from young fruit peel of kumquat.A total of 655 putative plastid proteins were identified from elaioplasts according to sequence homology in silico and manual curation.Based on functional classification via Mapman,~50%of the identified proteins fall into six categories,including protein metabolism,transport,and lipid metabolism.Of note,elaioplasts contained ATP synthase and ADP,ATP carrier proteins at high abundance,indicating important roles for ATP generation and transport in elaioplast biogenesis.Additionally,a comparison of proteins between citrus chromoplast and elaioplast proteomes suggest a high level of functional conservation.However,some distinctive protein profiles were also observed in both types of plastids notably for isoprene biosynthesis in elaioplasts,and carotenoid metabolism in chromoplasts.In conclusion,this comprehensive proteomic study provides new insights into the major metabolic pathways and unique characteristics of elaioplasts and chromoplasts in citrus fruit.
文摘目的:评价配戴基弧非球面设计角膜塑形镜控制近视的临床效果。方法:前瞻性研究。选取2020-01/2021-07于我院验配角膜塑形镜的8~13岁近视患者94例94眼(单眼接受角膜塑形镜治疗者,选取该眼作为观察眼,双眼均接受角膜塑形镜治疗的患者则以右眼作为观察眼),根据患者所配戴的角膜塑形镜基弧区的设计不同分为观察组:配戴基弧非球面设计的角膜塑形镜患者46例;对照组:配戴基弧球面设计的角膜塑形镜患者48例。根据两组患者戴镜前等效球镜(SE)不同进一步分为低度近视组(-3.00D<SE≤-0.75D)52例52眼和中度近视组(-6.00D<SE≤-3.00D)中度近视组42例42眼。评估戴镜后1d,1wk,1、3、6、9mo,1a裸眼视力,并于戴镜后6mo,1a分别测量眼轴。结果:所有患者均完成随访,戴镜1mo后观察组裸眼视力(LogMAR)-0.12±0.08与对照组(-0.17±0.07)比较无差异(P>0.05);两组患者戴镜后6mo,1a眼轴增长平均值均无差异(均P>0.05)。低度近视组中,观察组戴镜1a眼轴增长值为0.19±0.17mm,明显低于对照组(0.31±0.18mm)(P<0.05);中度近视组中,观察组戴镜1a眼轴增长值为0.22±0.18mm,与对照组(0.19±0.12mm)比较无差异(P>0.05)。戴镜后6mo,1a观察组低度近视组与中度近视组眼轴增长值无差异(P>0.05),而对照组低度近视与中度近视组戴镜后6mo(0.15±0.13 vs 0.05±0.12mm)、1a(0.31±0.18 vs 0.19±0.12mm)眼轴增长值均有差异(均P<0.05)。结论:配戴基弧非球面设计角膜塑形镜可以有效提高裸眼视力,延缓眼轴增长。对于低度近视患者,基弧非球面设计角膜塑形镜延缓眼轴增长的效果优于基弧球面设计。
文摘共价有机框架(COFs)在电催化析氧反应(OER)中的应用得到了广泛的关注。然而,大多数无金属共价有机框架(COFs)的导电性较差,不利于OER反应。四硫富瓦烯(TTF)是一种良好的电子供体,具有快速的电子转移能力,将TTF整合到共价有机框架骨架中将有助于电子的转移。在此,我们报道了一种基于四硫富瓦烯的二维无金属共价有机框架材料,JUC-630。与不含四硫富瓦烯的同类材料(Etta-TdCOF)相比,JUC-630具有较低的过电位(400m V)和塔菲尔斜率(104 m V·dec^(-1))。本研究提出了合理设计功能基元的策略,这有助于大大提高COF材料的OER催化活性。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82001460the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LQ21H250001 (both to LS)。
文摘Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the involvement of B cells in neuroinflammation and neuroregeneration.However,the role of B cells in ischemic stroke remains unclear.In this study,we identified a novel phenotype of macrophage-like B cells in brain-infiltrating immune cells expressing a high level of CD45.Macrophage-like B cells chara cterized by co-expression of B-cell and macrophage markers,showed stronger phagocytic and chemotactic functions compared with other B cells and showed upregulated expression of phagocytosis-related genes.Gene Ontology analysis found that the expression of genes associated with phagocytosis,including phagosome-and lysosome-related genes,was upregulated in macrophage-like B cells.The phagocytic activity of macrophage-like B cells was ve rified by immunostaining and three-dimensional reconstruction,in which TREM2-labeled macrophage-like B cells enwrapped and internalized myelin debris after cerebral ischemia.Cell-cell interaction analysis revealed that macrophage-like B cells released multiple chemokines to recruit peripheral immune cells mainly via CCL pathways.Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that the transdiffe rentiation to macrophage-like B cells may be induced by specific upregulation of the transcription factor CEBP fa mily to the myeloid lineage and/or by downregulation of the transcription factor Pax5 to the lymphoid lineage.Furthermore,this distinct B cell phenotype was detected in brain tissues from mice or patients with traumatic brain injury,Alzheimer’s disease,and glioblastoma.Overall,these results provide a new perspective on the phagocytic capability and chemotactic function of B cells in the ischemic brain.These cells may serve as an immunotherapeutic target for regulating the immune response of ischemic stroke.
基金the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (22208355, 22178363 and 21978300)the financial support and mica samples from Changzi Wu and RIKA technology CO., LTD.
文摘The performance of pearlescent pigment significantly affected by the grain size and the roughness of deposited film. The effect of TiCl_(4) concentration on the initial deposition of TiO_(2) on mica by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition(APCVD) was investigated. The precursor concentration significantly affected the deposition and morphology of TiO_(2) grains assembling the film. The deposition time for fully covering the surface of mica decreased from 120 to 10 s as the TiCl_(4) concentration increased from 0.38%to 2.44%. The grain size increased with the TiCl_(4) concentration. The AFM and TEM analysis demonstrated that the aggregation of TiO_(2) clusters at the initial stage finally result to the agglomeration of fine TiO_(2) grains at high TiCl_(4) concentrations. Following the results, it was suggested that the nucleation density and size was easy to be adjusted when the TiCl_(4) concentration is below 0.90%.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22279122,52042403)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LZ22B030004)+2 种基金the Ministry of Education,Singapore,under its Academic Research Fund Tier 1 (RG10/22)the National Institute of Education,Singapore,under its Academic Research Fund (RI 1/21 EAH)National Institute of Education,Singapore,under its Start-Up Grant (NIE-SUG4/20AHX)。
文摘Zinc metal is a promising anode material for next-generation aqueous batteries,but its practical application is limited by the formation of zinc dendrite.To prevent zinc dendrite growth,various Zn^(2+)-conducting but water-isolating solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)films have been developed,however,the required high-purity chemical materials are extremely expensive.In this work,phosphogypsum(PG),an industrial byproduct produced from the phosphoric acid industry,is employed as a multifunctional protective layer to navigate uniform zinc deposition.Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that PG-derived CaSO_(4)2H_(2)O can act as an artificial SEI layer to provide fast channels for Zn^(2+)transport.Moreover,CaSO_(4)2H_(2)O could release calcium ions(Ca^(2+))due to its relatively high Kspvalue,which have a higher binding energy than that of Zn^(2+)on the Zn surface,thus preferentially adsorbing to the tips of the protuberances to force zinc ions to nucleate at inert region.As a result,the Zn@PG anode achieves a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%during 500 cycles and long-time stability over 1000 hours at 1 m A cm^(-2).Our findings will not only construct a low-cost artificial SEI film for practical metal batteries,but also achieve a high-value utilization of phosphogypsum waste.
