AIM: To observe the protective effect of Radix Astragali injection on immune organs (lymph nodes, spleen and thymus) of rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ) and its mechanism. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided int...AIM: To observe the protective effect of Radix Astragali injection on immune organs (lymph nodes, spleen and thymus) of rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ) and its mechanism. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model control group and Radix Astragali treatment group. On days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after operation, mortality rate of rats, pathological changes in immune organs, expression levels of Bax and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 proteins, apoptosis indexes and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level in spleen and thymus were observed, respectively.RESULTS: Compared to model control group, the number of dead OJ rats in Radix Astragali treatment group decreased (P > 0.05). The TNF-α level (27.62 ± 12.61 vs 29.55 ± 18.02, 24.61 ± 9.09 vs 31.52 ± 10.95) on days 7 and 21, the pathological severity score for spleen [0.0 (0.0) vs 0.0 (2.0) on days 7 and 14 and for lymph nodes [0.0 (1.0) vs 1.0 (2.0), 1.0 (0.0) vs 2.0 (1.0)] on days 21 and 28, the product staining intensity and positive rate of Bax protein in spleen [0.0 (0.0) vs 1.0 (2.0), 0.0 (1.0) vs 2.0 (1.5) and thymus [0.0 (0.0) vs 1.0 (2.0), 0.0 (1.0) vs 2.0 (1.5)] on days 14 and 28, the apoptotic indexes [0.0 (0.0) vs 0.0 (0.01)] in spleen and thymus [0.0 (0.0) vs 0.0 (0.01) on days 14 and 21 were significantly lower in Radix Astragali treatment group than in model control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Radix Astragali has protective effects on immune organs of OJ rats by relieving the pathological changes in immune organs, reducing TNF-α level and inhibiting Bax expression and apoptosis in spleen and thymus.展开更多
Recent findings show that Toll-like receptors(TLRs) expressed in immune cells play a crucial role in the innate immune response and the subsequent induction of adaptive immune responses against microbial infection on ...Recent findings show that Toll-like receptors(TLRs) expressed in immune cells play a crucial role in the innate immune response and the subsequent induction of adaptive immune responses against microbial infection on tissue injury.Furthermore,expression of TLRs in cancer cells is associated with tumor proliferation and invasion.To explore the role of TLRs expression in cervical carcinogenesis in Uighur women,we detected the expressions of TLR3,TLR4,TLR7,and TLR9 in 25 normal cervical tissues,64 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) tissues,and 63 cervical squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC) tissues using immunohistochemical staining,as well as human papillomavirus type 16(HPV16) infection using PCR.All samples used in this study were from Xinjiang Uighur women.We found the expression levels of TLR4,TLR7,and TLR9 were significantly higher in CIN and CSCC than in normal controls(P < 0.05).Up-regulation of TLR4 and TLR7 were correlated with tumor differentiation but not FIGO stage or lymph node metastasis(P > 0.05).Up-regulation of TLR9 was correlated with lymph node metastasis(P < 0.05) but not tumor differentiation or FIGO stage(P > 0.05).We also analyzed the correlation between the expressions of TLRs and HPV16 infection and found that the expressions of TLR4 and TLR9 significantly correlated with HPV16 infection in CIN(r = 7.434,P = 0.006;r = 7.123,P = 0.008) and CSCC(r = 6.423,P = 0.001;r = 8.478,P = 0.004),whereas the expression of TLR3 was not significantly different in any of the three groups and had no significant correlation with HPV16 infection.Our results suggest that high expression of TLR4,TLR7,and TLR9 may play important roles in the development and progression of CIN and CSCC in Uighur women,and the expressions of TLR4 and TLR9 can be up-regulated by HPV16 infection.展开更多
AIM： To observe the therapeutic efficacy of Baicalin in rats with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） and explore its therapeutic mechanisms. METHODS： The SAP rat models were randomly divided into the model control gr...AIM： To observe the therapeutic efficacy of Baicalin in rats with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） and explore its therapeutic mechanisms. METHODS： The SAP rat models were randomly divided into the model control group, Baicalin treatment group, octreotide treatment group and sham operation group. All groups were randomly subdivided into 3 h, 6 h and 12 h groups with 15 rats in each group. The survival, ascites volume and pathological changes of pancreas in all rats were observed at different time points after operation. The plasma amylase content and serum TNF-α, IL-6, malonaldehyde （MDA） and PLA2 contents were also determined. RESULTS： The survival was not obviously different between the treated groups, and was significantly higher in treated groups at 12 h compared to the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 15 vs 10）. The ascites/body weight ratio at 3 h and 6 h was significantly lower in Baicalin treatment group compared to the model control group and octreotide treatment group （P 〈 0.05, 1.00 vs 2.02 and 1.43 and P 〈 0.001, 2.29 （1.21） vs 2.70 （0.80） and 2.08 （2.21）, respectively）. The contents of amylase, TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and PLA2 were significantly lower in the treated groups than in the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 4342 vs 5303, 5058 vs 6272 in amylase, P 〈 0.01, 21.90 vs 36.30, 23.80 vs 39.70, 36 vs 54.35 in MDA and 56.25 vs 76.10 in PIA2, or P 〈 0.001, 65.10 and 47.60 vs 92.15 in TNF-α, 3.03 vs 5.44, 2.88 vs 6.82, 2.83 vs 5.36 in IL-6, respectively）. The pathological scores of pancreas in the treated groups were significantly lower than that in the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 9.00 vs 10.05, 6.00 vs 9.00, 8.00 vs 10.05）, but no marked difference was found between the treated groups. CONCLUSION： The Baicalin injection has significant therapeutic effects on SAP rats, its effects are similar to those of octreotide. The Baicalin injection is also cheap and has a big application range, quite hopefully to be used in clinical treatment of SAP.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry wer...AIM: To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 mRNA and protein in samples from 87 esophageal cancer patients consisting of both tumor and normal tissue. RESULTS: A significant increase in TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 mRNA levels was detected in ESCC samples. Tumors exhibited high TLR protein expression, (70.1%, 72.4%, 66.7% and 78.2% for TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9, respectively, P < 0.05). Nevertheless, a significant percentage of tumors also exhibited TLR4 expression in mononuclear inflammatory cells (48.3%) and TLR9 expression in fibroblast-like cells (60.9%). Tumors with high TLR3 expression in tumor cells or high TLR4 expression in mononuclear inflammatory cells were significantly associated with a higher probability of lymph node metastasis and increased depth of invasion. However, tumors with high TLR9 expression in fibroblast-like cells were associated with low probabilities of invasion and metastasis. There was no significant variation between the expression of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 among different ethnic groups. CONCLUSION: TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 expression appears important to the biological pathogenesis of ESCC. TLRs may represent therapeutic targets for ESCC.展开更多
AIM： To establish an ideal model of multiple organ injury of rats with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）.METHODS： SAP models were induced by retrograde injection of 0.1 mL/100 g 3.5% sodium taurocholate into the bil...AIM： To establish an ideal model of multiple organ injury of rats with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）.METHODS： SAP models were induced by retrograde injection of 0.1 mL/100 g 3.5% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct of Sprague-Dawley rats. The plasma and samples of multiple organ tissues of rats were collected at 3, 6 and 12 h after modeling. The ascites volume, ascites/body weight ratio, and contents of amylase, endotoxin, endothelin-1 （ET-1）, nitrogen monoxidum （NO）, phospholipase A2 （PLA2）, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6） in plasma were determined. The histological changes of multiple organs were observed under light microscope.RESULTS： The ascites volume, ascites/body weight ratio, and contents of various inflammatory mediators in blood were higher in the model group than in the sham operation group at all time points [2.38 （1.10）, 2.58 （0.70）, 2.54 （0.71） vs 0.20 （0.04）, 0.30 （0.30）, 0.22 （0.10） at 3, 6 and 12 h in ascites/body weight ratio; 1582 （284）, 1769 （362）, 1618 （302） （U/L） vs 5303 （1373）, 6276 （1029）, 7538 （2934） （U/L） at 3, 6 and 12 h in Amylase; 0.016 （0.005）, 0.016 （0.010）, 0.014 （0.015） （EU/mL） vs 0,053 （0.029）, 0.059 （0.037）, 0.060 （0.022） （EU/mL） at 3, 6 and 12 h in Endotoxin; 3.900 （3.200）, 4.000 （1.700）, 5.300 （3.000） （ng/L） vs 41.438 （37.721）, 92.151 （23.119）, 65.016 （26.806） （ng/L） at 3, 6 and 12 h in TNF-α, all P 〈 0.01]. Visible congestion, edema and lamellar necrosis and massive leukocytic infiltration were found in the pancreas of rats of model group. There were also pathological changes of lung, liver, kidney, ileum, lymphonode, thymus, myocardium and brain.CONCLUSION： This rat model features reliability, convenience and a high achievement ratio. Complicated with multiple organ injury, it is an ideal animal model of SAR展开更多
An important factor in improving functional recovery from spinal cord injury using stem cells is maximizing the number of transplanted cells at the lesion site. Here, we established a contusion model of spinal cord in...An important factor in improving functional recovery from spinal cord injury using stem cells is maximizing the number of transplanted cells at the lesion site. Here, we established a contusion model of spinal cord injury by dropping a weight onto the spinal cord at T7_8. Superparamagnet- ic iron oxide-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted into the injured spinal cord via the subarachnoid space. An outer magnetic field was used to successfully guide the labeled cells to the lesion site. Prussian blue staining showed that more bone marrow mesen- chymal stem cells reached the lesion site in these rats than in those without magnetic guidance or snperparamagnetic iron oxide labeling, and immunofluorescence revealed a greater number of complete axons at the lesion site. Moreover, the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan （BBB） locomotor rating scale scores were the highest in rats with superparamagnetic labeling and magnetic guid- ance. Our data confirm that superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles effectively label bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and impart sufficient magnetism to respond to the external magnetic field guides. More importantly, superparamagnetic iron oxide-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be dynamically and non-invasively tracked in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging. Superparamagnetic iron oxide labeling of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells coupled with magnetic guidance offers a promising avenue for the clinical treatment of spinal cord injury.展开更多
Secondary damage is a critical determinant of the functional outcome in patients with spinal cord injury （SCI）, and involves multiple mechanisms of which the most important is the loss of nerve cells mediated by mul...Secondary damage is a critical determinant of the functional outcome in patients with spinal cord injury （SCI）, and involves multiple mechanisms of which the most important is the loss of nerve cells mediated by multiple factors. Autophagy can result in cell death, and plays a key role in the development of SCI. It has been recognized that valproic acid （VPA） is neuroprotective in certain experimental animal models, however, the levels of autophagic changes in the process of neuroprotection by VPA treatment following SCI are still unknown. In the present study, we determined the extent of autophagy after VPA treatment in a rat model of SCI. We found that both the mRNA and protein levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 were significantly increased at 1, 2, and 6 h after SCI and peaked at 2 h; however, Western blot showed that autophagy was markedly decreased by VPA treatment at 2 h post-injury. Besides, post-SCI treatment with VPA improved the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale, increased the number of ventral horn motoneurons, and reduced myelin sheath damage compared with vehicle-treated animals at 42 days after SCI. Together, our results demonstrated the characteristics of autophagy expression following SCI, and foundthat VPA reduced autophagy and enhanced motor function.展开更多
Confined nanospace pyrolysis(CNP)has attracted increasing attention as a general strategy to prepare task-specific hollow structured porous carbons(HSPCs)in the past decade.The unique advantages of the CNP strategy in...Confined nanospace pyrolysis(CNP)has attracted increasing attention as a general strategy to prepare task-specific hollow structured porous carbons(HSPCs)in the past decade.The unique advantages of the CNP strategy include its outstanding ability in control of the monodispersity,porosity and internal cavity of HSPCs.As a consequence,the obtained HSPCs perform exceptionally well in applications where a high dispersibility and tailored cavity are particularly required,such as drug delivery,energy storage,catalysis and so on.In this review,the fundamentals of the CNP strategy and its advances in structural alternation is first summarized,then typical applications are discussed by exemplifying specific synthesis examples.In addition,this review offers insights into future developments for advanced task-specific hollow structured porous materials prepared by the CNP strategy.展开更多
Foreword Patent issues may be existed in this guideline,and World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS)declared that they are not responsible for identifying these patents.This guideline is based on the Clin...Foreword Patent issues may be existed in this guideline,and World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS)declared that they are not responsible for identifying these patents.This guideline is based on the Clinical Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Alzheimer’s Disease(Standard No.T/CACM1315-2019).展开更多
基金Supported by Technological Foundation Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, No. 2003C130, No. 2004C142Foundation Project for Medical Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, No. 2003B134+3 种基金Grave foundation project for Technology and Development of Hangzhou, No. 2003123B19Intensive Foundation Project for Technology of Hangzhou, No. 2004Z006Foundation Project for Medical Science and Technology of Hangzhou, No. 2003A004Foundation Project for Technology of Hangzhou, No. 2005224
文摘AIM: To observe the protective effect of Radix Astragali injection on immune organs (lymph nodes, spleen and thymus) of rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ) and its mechanism. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model control group and Radix Astragali treatment group. On days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after operation, mortality rate of rats, pathological changes in immune organs, expression levels of Bax and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 proteins, apoptosis indexes and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level in spleen and thymus were observed, respectively.RESULTS: Compared to model control group, the number of dead OJ rats in Radix Astragali treatment group decreased (P > 0.05). The TNF-α level (27.62 ± 12.61 vs 29.55 ± 18.02, 24.61 ± 9.09 vs 31.52 ± 10.95) on days 7 and 21, the pathological severity score for spleen [0.0 (0.0) vs 0.0 (2.0) on days 7 and 14 and for lymph nodes [0.0 (1.0) vs 1.0 (2.0), 1.0 (0.0) vs 2.0 (1.0)] on days 21 and 28, the product staining intensity and positive rate of Bax protein in spleen [0.0 (0.0) vs 1.0 (2.0), 0.0 (1.0) vs 2.0 (1.5) and thymus [0.0 (0.0) vs 1.0 (2.0), 0.0 (1.0) vs 2.0 (1.5)] on days 14 and 28, the apoptotic indexes [0.0 (0.0) vs 0.0 (0.01)] in spleen and thymus [0.0 (0.0) vs 0.0 (0.01) on days 14 and 21 were significantly lower in Radix Astragali treatment group than in model control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Radix Astragali has protective effects on immune organs of OJ rats by relieving the pathological changes in immune organs, reducing TNF-α level and inhibiting Bax expression and apoptosis in spleen and thymus.
基金supported by a grant from NationalNatural Science Foundation of China (No.81060164)
文摘Recent findings show that Toll-like receptors(TLRs) expressed in immune cells play a crucial role in the innate immune response and the subsequent induction of adaptive immune responses against microbial infection on tissue injury.Furthermore,expression of TLRs in cancer cells is associated with tumor proliferation and invasion.To explore the role of TLRs expression in cervical carcinogenesis in Uighur women,we detected the expressions of TLR3,TLR4,TLR7,and TLR9 in 25 normal cervical tissues,64 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) tissues,and 63 cervical squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC) tissues using immunohistochemical staining,as well as human papillomavirus type 16(HPV16) infection using PCR.All samples used in this study were from Xinjiang Uighur women.We found the expression levels of TLR4,TLR7,and TLR9 were significantly higher in CIN and CSCC than in normal controls(P < 0.05).Up-regulation of TLR4 and TLR7 were correlated with tumor differentiation but not FIGO stage or lymph node metastasis(P > 0.05).Up-regulation of TLR9 was correlated with lymph node metastasis(P < 0.05) but not tumor differentiation or FIGO stage(P > 0.05).We also analyzed the correlation between the expressions of TLRs and HPV16 infection and found that the expressions of TLR4 and TLR9 significantly correlated with HPV16 infection in CIN(r = 7.434,P = 0.006;r = 7.123,P = 0.008) and CSCC(r = 6.423,P = 0.001;r = 8.478,P = 0.004),whereas the expression of TLR3 was not significantly different in any of the three groups and had no significant correlation with HPV16 infection.Our results suggest that high expression of TLR4,TLR7,and TLR9 may play important roles in the development and progression of CIN and CSCC in Uighur women,and the expressions of TLR4 and TLR9 can be up-regulated by HPV16 infection.
基金Supported by Technological Foundation Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science of Zhejiang Province, No. 2003C130 and No. 2004C142 Foundation Project for Medical Science and Technology of Zhejiang province, No. 2003B134+3 种基金 Grave Foundation Project for Technological and Development of Hangzhou, No. 2003123B19 Intensive Foundation Project for Technology of Hangzhou, No. 2004Z006 Foundation Project for Medical Science and Technology of Hangzhou, No. 2003A004 and Foundation Project for Technology of Hangzhou, No. 2005224
文摘AIM： To observe the therapeutic efficacy of Baicalin in rats with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） and explore its therapeutic mechanisms. METHODS： The SAP rat models were randomly divided into the model control group, Baicalin treatment group, octreotide treatment group and sham operation group. All groups were randomly subdivided into 3 h, 6 h and 12 h groups with 15 rats in each group. The survival, ascites volume and pathological changes of pancreas in all rats were observed at different time points after operation. The plasma amylase content and serum TNF-α, IL-6, malonaldehyde （MDA） and PLA2 contents were also determined. RESULTS： The survival was not obviously different between the treated groups, and was significantly higher in treated groups at 12 h compared to the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 15 vs 10）. The ascites/body weight ratio at 3 h and 6 h was significantly lower in Baicalin treatment group compared to the model control group and octreotide treatment group （P 〈 0.05, 1.00 vs 2.02 and 1.43 and P 〈 0.001, 2.29 （1.21） vs 2.70 （0.80） and 2.08 （2.21）, respectively）. The contents of amylase, TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and PLA2 were significantly lower in the treated groups than in the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 4342 vs 5303, 5058 vs 6272 in amylase, P 〈 0.01, 21.90 vs 36.30, 23.80 vs 39.70, 36 vs 54.35 in MDA and 56.25 vs 76.10 in PIA2, or P 〈 0.001, 65.10 and 47.60 vs 92.15 in TNF-α, 3.03 vs 5.44, 2.88 vs 6.82, 2.83 vs 5.36 in IL-6, respectively）. The pathological scores of pancreas in the treated groups were significantly lower than that in the model control group （P 〈 0.05, 9.00 vs 10.05, 6.00 vs 9.00, 8.00 vs 10.05）, but no marked difference was found between the treated groups. CONCLUSION： The Baicalin injection has significant therapeutic effects on SAP rats, its effects are similar to those of octreotide. The Baicalin injection is also cheap and has a big application range, quite hopefully to be used in clinical treatment of SAP.
基金Supported by Doctoral Program of Higher Specialized Research Fund project (20106517110003)
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 mRNA and protein in samples from 87 esophageal cancer patients consisting of both tumor and normal tissue. RESULTS: A significant increase in TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 mRNA levels was detected in ESCC samples. Tumors exhibited high TLR protein expression, (70.1%, 72.4%, 66.7% and 78.2% for TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9, respectively, P < 0.05). Nevertheless, a significant percentage of tumors also exhibited TLR4 expression in mononuclear inflammatory cells (48.3%) and TLR9 expression in fibroblast-like cells (60.9%). Tumors with high TLR3 expression in tumor cells or high TLR4 expression in mononuclear inflammatory cells were significantly associated with a higher probability of lymph node metastasis and increased depth of invasion. However, tumors with high TLR9 expression in fibroblast-like cells were associated with low probabilities of invasion and metastasis. There was no significant variation between the expression of TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 among different ethnic groups. CONCLUSION: TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 expression appears important to the biological pathogenesis of ESCC. TLRs may represent therapeutic targets for ESCC.
基金technological foundation project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science of Zhejiang province, No. 2003C130 No. 2004C142+4 种基金foundation project for medical science and technology of Zhejiang provinc, No. 2003B134grave foundation project for technological and development of Hangzhou, No. 2003123B19intensive foundation project for technology of Hangzhou, No. 2004Z006foundation project for medical science and technology of Hangzhou, No. 2003A004foundation project for technology of Hangzhou, No. 2005224
文摘AIM： To establish an ideal model of multiple organ injury of rats with severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）.METHODS： SAP models were induced by retrograde injection of 0.1 mL/100 g 3.5% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct of Sprague-Dawley rats. The plasma and samples of multiple organ tissues of rats were collected at 3, 6 and 12 h after modeling. The ascites volume, ascites/body weight ratio, and contents of amylase, endotoxin, endothelin-1 （ET-1）, nitrogen monoxidum （NO）, phospholipase A2 （PLA2）, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6） in plasma were determined. The histological changes of multiple organs were observed under light microscope.RESULTS： The ascites volume, ascites/body weight ratio, and contents of various inflammatory mediators in blood were higher in the model group than in the sham operation group at all time points [2.38 （1.10）, 2.58 （0.70）, 2.54 （0.71） vs 0.20 （0.04）, 0.30 （0.30）, 0.22 （0.10） at 3, 6 and 12 h in ascites/body weight ratio; 1582 （284）, 1769 （362）, 1618 （302） （U/L） vs 5303 （1373）, 6276 （1029）, 7538 （2934） （U/L） at 3, 6 and 12 h in Amylase; 0.016 （0.005）, 0.016 （0.010）, 0.014 （0.015） （EU/mL） vs 0,053 （0.029）, 0.059 （0.037）, 0.060 （0.022） （EU/mL） at 3, 6 and 12 h in Endotoxin; 3.900 （3.200）, 4.000 （1.700）, 5.300 （3.000） （ng/L） vs 41.438 （37.721）, 92.151 （23.119）, 65.016 （26.806） （ng/L） at 3, 6 and 12 h in TNF-α, all P 〈 0.01]. Visible congestion, edema and lamellar necrosis and massive leukocytic infiltration were found in the pancreas of rats of model group. There were also pathological changes of lung, liver, kidney, ileum, lymphonode, thymus, myocardium and brain.CONCLUSION： This rat model features reliability, convenience and a high achievement ratio. Complicated with multiple organ injury, it is an ideal animal model of SAR
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81371628the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China,No.2014T70233,2013M541206the Innovation Foundation of Shanxi Medical University First Hospital of China
文摘An important factor in improving functional recovery from spinal cord injury using stem cells is maximizing the number of transplanted cells at the lesion site. Here, we established a contusion model of spinal cord injury by dropping a weight onto the spinal cord at T7_8. Superparamagnet- ic iron oxide-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted into the injured spinal cord via the subarachnoid space. An outer magnetic field was used to successfully guide the labeled cells to the lesion site. Prussian blue staining showed that more bone marrow mesen- chymal stem cells reached the lesion site in these rats than in those without magnetic guidance or snperparamagnetic iron oxide labeling, and immunofluorescence revealed a greater number of complete axons at the lesion site. Moreover, the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan （BBB） locomotor rating scale scores were the highest in rats with superparamagnetic labeling and magnetic guid- ance. Our data confirm that superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles effectively label bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and impart sufficient magnetism to respond to the external magnetic field guides. More importantly, superparamagnetic iron oxide-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can be dynamically and non-invasively tracked in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging. Superparamagnetic iron oxide labeling of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells coupled with magnetic guidance offers a promising avenue for the clinical treatment of spinal cord injury.
基金supported by Special Funds for the Introduction and Development of Talents of Shanxi Province, China
文摘Secondary damage is a critical determinant of the functional outcome in patients with spinal cord injury （SCI）, and involves multiple mechanisms of which the most important is the loss of nerve cells mediated by multiple factors. Autophagy can result in cell death, and plays a key role in the development of SCI. It has been recognized that valproic acid （VPA） is neuroprotective in certain experimental animal models, however, the levels of autophagic changes in the process of neuroprotection by VPA treatment following SCI are still unknown. In the present study, we determined the extent of autophagy after VPA treatment in a rat model of SCI. We found that both the mRNA and protein levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 were significantly increased at 1, 2, and 6 h after SCI and peaked at 2 h; however, Western blot showed that autophagy was markedly decreased by VPA treatment at 2 h post-injury. Besides, post-SCI treatment with VPA improved the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale, increased the number of ventral horn motoneurons, and reduced myelin sheath damage compared with vehicle-treated animals at 42 days after SCI. Together, our results demonstrated the characteristics of autophagy expression following SCI, and foundthat VPA reduced autophagy and enhanced motor function.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20873014 and 21073026)National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.21225312)the Cheung Kong Scholars Program of China(No.T2015036).
文摘Confined nanospace pyrolysis(CNP)has attracted increasing attention as a general strategy to prepare task-specific hollow structured porous carbons(HSPCs)in the past decade.The unique advantages of the CNP strategy include its outstanding ability in control of the monodispersity,porosity and internal cavity of HSPCs.As a consequence,the obtained HSPCs perform exceptionally well in applications where a high dispersibility and tailored cavity are particularly required,such as drug delivery,energy storage,catalysis and so on.In this review,the fundamentals of the CNP strategy and its advances in structural alternation is first summarized,then typical applications are discussed by exemplifying specific synthesis examples.In addition,this review offers insights into future developments for advanced task-specific hollow structured porous materials prepared by the CNP strategy.
文摘Foreword Patent issues may be existed in this guideline,and World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS)declared that they are not responsible for identifying these patents.This guideline is based on the Clinical Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Alzheimer’s Disease(Standard No.T/CACM1315-2019).
