The Covid-19 pandemic produced a complex combination of intense negative emotions among the general public,influencing people's coping reactions toward the pandemic.Yet each discrete emotion may affect people'...The Covid-19 pandemic produced a complex combination of intense negative emotions among the general public,influencing people's coping reactions toward the pandemic.Yet each discrete emotion may affect people's behaviors in different ways.Unveiling the specific emotion–behavior relationships can provide valuable implications for designing effective intervention programs.Through the lens of the appraisal theory of emotion,we assessed the relationships between negative emotions and pandemic-related behaviors among the Chinese population midst the early outbreak of the pandemic.An anonymous online survey was distributed to mainland of China participants(n=2976),which assessed individuals'emotional states and behavioral reactions to the pandemic.Consistent with the differential appraisal theme underlying each negative emotion as delineated by the appraisal theory,mixed relationships between emotions and pandemic-related behaviors were revealed.Specifically,anxiety was positively associated with behaviors of seeking pandemic-related information,sharing such information,and stockpiling preventive goods,yet,contrary to prediction,anxious people were reluctant to adopt preventive measures,which is maladaptive.Sad people sought information less frequently and exhibited lower intention to stockpile preventive goods;but,opposing prediction,they shared information less frequently.Angry people were more active in sharing information and in stockpiling preventive goods.These findings suggest that public health practitioners can utilize the emotion–behavior relationships to identify the vulnerable individuals who tend to adopt maladaptive coping behaviors,help them address emotional distress,and encourage their adoption of effective coping behaviors.展开更多
Hard carbon(HC)anodes show conspicuously commercialized potential for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their costeffectiveness and satisfactory performance.However,the development of hard carbon anodes in SIBs is stil...Hard carbon(HC)anodes show conspicuously commercialized potential for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their costeffectiveness and satisfactory performance.However,the development of hard carbon anodes in SIBs is still hindered by low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and insufficient cyclic stability,which are induced by inappropriate defects in the structure.Herein,we introduce a simple but effective method to tailor the defects in HC by the chemically preadsorbed K^(+).The soft Xray absorption spectroscopy at the C K-edges reveals that K^(+)can anchor on the hard carbon via C-O-K bonds,occupying the irreversible reactive sites of Na^(+).Therefore,the irreversible capacity caused by some C-O bonds can be reduced.Moreover,the preadsorbed K^(+)can induce the rearrangement of carbon layers and lead to a high graphitization structure with fewer defects and large interlayer spacing,which not only improves the structural stability and electrical conductivity of the HC anode but also facilitates fast Na^(+)diffusion.Therefore,the as-obtained optimized anode demonstrates a higher ICE with better cyclic stability and superior rate capacities compared with the anode without preadsorbed K^(+).This work indicates that K^(+)preadsorbed into hard carbon is a practicable alternative to enhance the Na storage performances of HC anodes for SIBs.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71802198)University of South China Covid-19 epidemic prevention and control scientific research emergency project(2020-2-5),Hunan province 2020 innovative province construction special topic to combat Covid-19 epidemic emergency(2020SK3010)Major Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.21ZDA036).
文摘The Covid-19 pandemic produced a complex combination of intense negative emotions among the general public,influencing people's coping reactions toward the pandemic.Yet each discrete emotion may affect people's behaviors in different ways.Unveiling the specific emotion–behavior relationships can provide valuable implications for designing effective intervention programs.Through the lens of the appraisal theory of emotion,we assessed the relationships between negative emotions and pandemic-related behaviors among the Chinese population midst the early outbreak of the pandemic.An anonymous online survey was distributed to mainland of China participants(n=2976),which assessed individuals'emotional states and behavioral reactions to the pandemic.Consistent with the differential appraisal theme underlying each negative emotion as delineated by the appraisal theory,mixed relationships between emotions and pandemic-related behaviors were revealed.Specifically,anxiety was positively associated with behaviors of seeking pandemic-related information,sharing such information,and stockpiling preventive goods,yet,contrary to prediction,anxious people were reluctant to adopt preventive measures,which is maladaptive.Sad people sought information less frequently and exhibited lower intention to stockpile preventive goods;but,opposing prediction,they shared information less frequently.Angry people were more active in sharing information and in stockpiling preventive goods.These findings suggest that public health practitioners can utilize the emotion–behavior relationships to identify the vulnerable individuals who tend to adopt maladaptive coping behaviors,help them address emotional distress,and encourage their adoption of effective coping behaviors.
基金The present work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21975026)This work used resources of the Advanced Light Source,DOE Office of Science User Facility,under contract no.DEAC02-05CH11231.
文摘Hard carbon(HC)anodes show conspicuously commercialized potential for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their costeffectiveness and satisfactory performance.However,the development of hard carbon anodes in SIBs is still hindered by low initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and insufficient cyclic stability,which are induced by inappropriate defects in the structure.Herein,we introduce a simple but effective method to tailor the defects in HC by the chemically preadsorbed K^(+).The soft Xray absorption spectroscopy at the C K-edges reveals that K^(+)can anchor on the hard carbon via C-O-K bonds,occupying the irreversible reactive sites of Na^(+).Therefore,the irreversible capacity caused by some C-O bonds can be reduced.Moreover,the preadsorbed K^(+)can induce the rearrangement of carbon layers and lead to a high graphitization structure with fewer defects and large interlayer spacing,which not only improves the structural stability and electrical conductivity of the HC anode but also facilitates fast Na^(+)diffusion.Therefore,the as-obtained optimized anode demonstrates a higher ICE with better cyclic stability and superior rate capacities compared with the anode without preadsorbed K^(+).This work indicates that K^(+)preadsorbed into hard carbon is a practicable alternative to enhance the Na storage performances of HC anodes for SIBs.
