The aim of this study was to investigate whether punicalagin(PU)could prevent obesity-related cardiac dysfunction by promoting DNA demethy lation,and to explore its possible mechanism.C57BL/6J mice were fed with stand...The aim of this study was to investigate whether punicalagin(PU)could prevent obesity-related cardiac dysfunction by promoting DNA demethy lation,and to explore its possible mechanism.C57BL/6J mice were fed with standard diet,high-fat diet(HFD),HFD supplemented with resveratrol,low-dose PU(LPU)and high-dose PU(HPU)for 8 weeks.Compared with HFD group,body weight was significantly lower in PU treatment groups,number of cardionwocytes and the protein level of myosin heavy chain 7B were significantly higher in PU treatment groups.Levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-formylcytosine were significantly lower in HFD group than in other groups.Compared with the HFD group,the protein level of ten-eleven translocation enzyme(TET)2 was significantly higher in PU treatment groups,p-AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)was significantly higher in LPU group.Levels of total antioxidant capacity and the protein levels of complexesⅡ/Ⅲ/Ⅴ,oxoglutarate dehydrogenase,succinate dehydrogenase B and fumarate hdrolase were significantly lower in HFD group than PU treatment group.The ratio of(succinic acid+fumaric acid)/a-ketoglutarate was significantly higher in HFD group than other groups.In conclusion,PU up-regulated TETs enzyme activities and TET2 protein stability through alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and activating AMPK,so as to promote DNA demethylation,thus preventing obesity-related cardiac dysfunction.展开更多
Chinese peony(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)is both medicinally and aesthetically beneficial.Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that seriously jeopardizes the value of numerous species,including peonies as a crop.In...Chinese peony(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)is both medicinally and aesthetically beneficial.Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that seriously jeopardizes the value of numerous species,including peonies as a crop.In order to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of peony powdery mildew,we examined the microbial diversity,the malondialdehyde(MDA)concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities of peony leaves infected with three levels of powdery mildew to determine any modifications to the leaf's antioxidant enzyme systems and microbial community structure following the onset of disease.The results show that the MDA content rose as the degree of infection became worse.Antioxidant enzyme activity rose and then declined.Following the initiation of powdery mildew,fungal community diversity decreased,whereas there was not any appreciable change in bacterial communities according to microbial diversity sequencing.The relative abundance of more than half of fungal species decreased,with the bacterial genera displaying both abundant and diminished communities with less pronounced alterations in their community structure after the disease spread.Significant different taxa that were critical to the organization of each microbiome were found.Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of powdery mildew pathogenic fungal genus Erysiphe was correlated with those of 11 fungal genera and one bacterial genus.Among them,Aureobasidium,Neosetophoma and Sclerostagonospora showed significant positive correlations with Erysiphe and MDA.展开更多
Due to high temperature and pressure,unburied or shallow buried submarine pipelines experience lateral global buckling. Excessive bending caused by uncontrolled deformation may threaten the safety of the pipeline syst...Due to high temperature and pressure,unburied or shallow buried submarine pipelines experience lateral global buckling. Excessive bending caused by uncontrolled deformation may threaten the safety of the pipeline system. Thus,the integer of a post-buckling pipeline section should be assessed under design temperature and pressure differences. This study focuses on the post-buckling pipeline safety assessment.First,a series of model tests based on sand obtained from Bohai Gulf were proposed,and soil resistance to pipelines with different embedment are measured. A dynamic soil resistance model with varying pipeline embedment and lateral displacement was established. The influence of embedment on peak soil resistance and residual soil resistance was analyzed. Second,the critical buckling forces of pipelines with different imperfections were analyzed. A"critical force range"was proposed to evaluate whether the pipeline exhibits lateral global buckling or not. Third,the limit state of a post-buckling pipeline in an engineering case was assessed. The assessment was proposed based on both load control condition and displacement control condition. Further comparisons show that pipelines reach their limit state according to load control condition far more quickly than according to displacement control condition.展开更多
Trends in precipitation are critical to water resources. Considerable uncertainty remains concerning the trends of regional precipitation in response to global warming and their controlling mechanisms. Here, we use an...Trends in precipitation are critical to water resources. Considerable uncertainty remains concerning the trends of regional precipitation in response to global warming and their controlling mechanisms. Here, we use an interannual difference method to derive trends of regional precipitation from GPCP(Global Precipitation Climatology Project) data and MERRA(ModernEra Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications) reanalysis in the near-global domain of 60?S–60?N during a major global warming period of 1979–2013. We find that trends of regional annual precipitation are primarily driven by changes in the top 30% heavy precipitation events, which in turn are controlled by changes in precipitable water in response to global warming, i.e., by thermodynamic processes. Significant drying trends are found in most parts of the U.S. and eastern Canada,the Middle East, and eastern South America, while significant increases in precipitation occur in northern Australia, southern Africa, western India and western China. In addition, as the climate warms there are extensive enhancements and expansions of the three major tropical precipitation centers–the Maritime Continent, Central America, and tropical Africa–leading to the observed widening of Hadley cells and a significant strengthening of the global hydrological cycle.展开更多
Polymer-grafted ion exchange adsorbents were of great interest for the development of high-performance protein chromatography in biopharmaceutical and related fields.In this work,protein retention was systematically i...Polymer-grafted ion exchange adsorbents were of great interest for the development of high-performance protein chromatography in biopharmaceutical and related fields.In this work,protein retention was systematically investigated in ion exchange chromatography packed respectively with dextran-grafted cation exchange adsorbents containing sulphopropyl(SP)ligand,SP Sepharose XL and Capto S,and non-grafted cation exchange adsorbent,SP Sepharose FF,using five proteins.With an increase of buffer p Hs,retention factors of proteins decreased among all the adsorbents,demonstrating the dominant role of electrostatic interaction for protein binding on cation exchange adsorbents.The evidences further revealed that the scattered positive charges on the surface of protein molecules,rather than net charge of protein molecule,determined protein retention on cation exchange adsorbent.Likely,counterions including NH4^+,K^+,Na^+and Mg^2+exhibited distinct influence on protein retention.It was well ascribed to solvent-mediated indirect ion-macromolecule interactions and direct ion-macromolecule interactions.Compared with SP Sepharose FF,polymer structure in dextran-grafted cation exchange adsorbents ultimately brought about different ligand distributions and smaller pore sizes,thereby regulating protein retention in cation exchange chromatography.By comparing the retention of myoglobin andβ-lactoglobulin B in SP Sepharose XL and Capto S,we reasonably speculated that the enhancement of nonelectrostatic interaction caused by reducing the space arm length was a major reason for an increasing retention factor of myoglobin in Capto S.The results in this research help us understand adsorption mechanism of protein in polymer-grafted adsorbents and give scientific guidance for the development of chromatographic materials.展开更多
In this work, we have synthesized two polymer-grafted cation exchangers: one via the grafting-from approach, in which sulfopropyl methacrylate (SPM) is grafted through atom transfer radical polymerization onto Sepharo...In this work, we have synthesized two polymer-grafted cation exchangers: one via the grafting-from approach, in which sulfopropyl methacrylate (SPM) is grafted through atom transfer radical polymerization onto Sepharose FF (the thus resulting exchanger is referred as Sep-g-SPM), and another via the grafting-to approach, in which the polymer of SPM is directly coupled onto Sepharose FF (the thus resulting exchanger is called as Sep-pSPM). Protein adsorption on these two cation exchangers have been also investigated. At the same ligand density, Sep-g-SPM has a larger accessible pore radius and a smaller depth of polymer layer than Sep-pSPM, due to the controllable introduction of polymer chains with the regular distribution of the ligand. Therefore, high-capacity adsorption of lysozyme and γ-globulin could be achieved simultaneously in Sep-g-SPM with an ionic capacity (IC) of 308 mmol·L^-1. However, Sep-pSPM has an irregular chain distribution and different architecture of polymer layer, which lead to more serious repulsive interaction to proteins, and thus Sep-pSPM has a lower adsorption capacity for γ-globulin than Sep-g-SPM with the similar IC. Moreover, the results from protein uptake experiments indicate that the facilitated transport of adsorbed γ-globulin occurs only in Sep-pSPM and depends on the architecture of polymer layers. Our research provides a clear clue for the development of high-performance protein chromatography.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020QH294 and ZR2021QH342)。
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate whether punicalagin(PU)could prevent obesity-related cardiac dysfunction by promoting DNA demethy lation,and to explore its possible mechanism.C57BL/6J mice were fed with standard diet,high-fat diet(HFD),HFD supplemented with resveratrol,low-dose PU(LPU)and high-dose PU(HPU)for 8 weeks.Compared with HFD group,body weight was significantly lower in PU treatment groups,number of cardionwocytes and the protein level of myosin heavy chain 7B were significantly higher in PU treatment groups.Levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-formylcytosine were significantly lower in HFD group than in other groups.Compared with the HFD group,the protein level of ten-eleven translocation enzyme(TET)2 was significantly higher in PU treatment groups,p-AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)was significantly higher in LPU group.Levels of total antioxidant capacity and the protein levels of complexesⅡ/Ⅲ/Ⅴ,oxoglutarate dehydrogenase,succinate dehydrogenase B and fumarate hdrolase were significantly lower in HFD group than PU treatment group.The ratio of(succinic acid+fumaric acid)/a-ketoglutarate was significantly higher in HFD group than other groups.In conclusion,PU up-regulated TETs enzyme activities and TET2 protein stability through alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and activating AMPK,so as to promote DNA demethylation,thus preventing obesity-related cardiac dysfunction.
基金supported by grants from“Cataloguing,flora study and database establishment of mini-type fungi in Northeast Asia”from the Northeast Asia Biodiversity Research Center。
文摘Chinese peony(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)is both medicinally and aesthetically beneficial.Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that seriously jeopardizes the value of numerous species,including peonies as a crop.In order to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of peony powdery mildew,we examined the microbial diversity,the malondialdehyde(MDA)concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities of peony leaves infected with three levels of powdery mildew to determine any modifications to the leaf's antioxidant enzyme systems and microbial community structure following the onset of disease.The results show that the MDA content rose as the degree of infection became worse.Antioxidant enzyme activity rose and then declined.Following the initiation of powdery mildew,fungal community diversity decreased,whereas there was not any appreciable change in bacterial communities according to microbial diversity sequencing.The relative abundance of more than half of fungal species decreased,with the bacterial genera displaying both abundant and diminished communities with less pronounced alterations in their community structure after the disease spread.Significant different taxa that were critical to the organization of each microbiome were found.Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of powdery mildew pathogenic fungal genus Erysiphe was correlated with those of 11 fungal genera and one bacterial genus.Among them,Aureobasidium,Neosetophoma and Sclerostagonospora showed significant positive correlations with Erysiphe and MDA.
基金Sponsored by the National Basic Key Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB046802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51679162)
文摘Due to high temperature and pressure,unburied or shallow buried submarine pipelines experience lateral global buckling. Excessive bending caused by uncontrolled deformation may threaten the safety of the pipeline system. Thus,the integer of a post-buckling pipeline section should be assessed under design temperature and pressure differences. This study focuses on the post-buckling pipeline safety assessment.First,a series of model tests based on sand obtained from Bohai Gulf were proposed,and soil resistance to pipelines with different embedment are measured. A dynamic soil resistance model with varying pipeline embedment and lateral displacement was established. The influence of embedment on peak soil resistance and residual soil resistance was analyzed. Second,the critical buckling forces of pipelines with different imperfections were analyzed. A"critical force range"was proposed to evaluate whether the pipeline exhibits lateral global buckling or not. Third,the limit state of a post-buckling pipeline in an engineering case was assessed. The assessment was proposed based on both load control condition and displacement control condition. Further comparisons show that pipelines reach their limit state according to load control condition far more quickly than according to displacement control condition.
基金supported in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program (Grant No. XDB05010500)the Clean Air Research Project in China (Grant No. 201509001)+1 种基金the Sustainable Development Research Project of Academia Sinica, Consortium for Climate Change Study, funded by the National Science Council (Grant No. 100-2119-M-001-029-MY5)sponsored by the Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality and the State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University
文摘Trends in precipitation are critical to water resources. Considerable uncertainty remains concerning the trends of regional precipitation in response to global warming and their controlling mechanisms. Here, we use an interannual difference method to derive trends of regional precipitation from GPCP(Global Precipitation Climatology Project) data and MERRA(ModernEra Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications) reanalysis in the near-global domain of 60?S–60?N during a major global warming period of 1979–2013. We find that trends of regional annual precipitation are primarily driven by changes in the top 30% heavy precipitation events, which in turn are controlled by changes in precipitable water in response to global warming, i.e., by thermodynamic processes. Significant drying trends are found in most parts of the U.S. and eastern Canada,the Middle East, and eastern South America, while significant increases in precipitation occur in northern Australia, southern Africa, western India and western China. In addition, as the climate warms there are extensive enhancements and expansions of the three major tropical precipitation centers–the Maritime Continent, Central America, and tropical Africa–leading to the observed widening of Hadley cells and a significant strengthening of the global hydrological cycle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21476166 and 21878221)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21621004)。
文摘Polymer-grafted ion exchange adsorbents were of great interest for the development of high-performance protein chromatography in biopharmaceutical and related fields.In this work,protein retention was systematically investigated in ion exchange chromatography packed respectively with dextran-grafted cation exchange adsorbents containing sulphopropyl(SP)ligand,SP Sepharose XL and Capto S,and non-grafted cation exchange adsorbent,SP Sepharose FF,using five proteins.With an increase of buffer p Hs,retention factors of proteins decreased among all the adsorbents,demonstrating the dominant role of electrostatic interaction for protein binding on cation exchange adsorbents.The evidences further revealed that the scattered positive charges on the surface of protein molecules,rather than net charge of protein molecule,determined protein retention on cation exchange adsorbent.Likely,counterions including NH4^+,K^+,Na^+and Mg^2+exhibited distinct influence on protein retention.It was well ascribed to solvent-mediated indirect ion-macromolecule interactions and direct ion-macromolecule interactions.Compared with SP Sepharose FF,polymer structure in dextran-grafted cation exchange adsorbents ultimately brought about different ligand distributions and smaller pore sizes,thereby regulating protein retention in cation exchange chromatography.By comparing the retention of myoglobin andβ-lactoglobulin B in SP Sepharose XL and Capto S,we reasonably speculated that the enhancement of nonelectrostatic interaction caused by reducing the space arm length was a major reason for an increasing retention factor of myoglobin in Capto S.The results in this research help us understand adsorption mechanism of protein in polymer-grafted adsorbents and give scientific guidance for the development of chromatographic materials.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21476166 and 21236005)the Open Funding Project of the State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering (No. 2014KF-03)the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (15JCYBJC48500).
文摘In this work, we have synthesized two polymer-grafted cation exchangers: one via the grafting-from approach, in which sulfopropyl methacrylate (SPM) is grafted through atom transfer radical polymerization onto Sepharose FF (the thus resulting exchanger is referred as Sep-g-SPM), and another via the grafting-to approach, in which the polymer of SPM is directly coupled onto Sepharose FF (the thus resulting exchanger is called as Sep-pSPM). Protein adsorption on these two cation exchangers have been also investigated. At the same ligand density, Sep-g-SPM has a larger accessible pore radius and a smaller depth of polymer layer than Sep-pSPM, due to the controllable introduction of polymer chains with the regular distribution of the ligand. Therefore, high-capacity adsorption of lysozyme and γ-globulin could be achieved simultaneously in Sep-g-SPM with an ionic capacity (IC) of 308 mmol·L^-1. However, Sep-pSPM has an irregular chain distribution and different architecture of polymer layer, which lead to more serious repulsive interaction to proteins, and thus Sep-pSPM has a lower adsorption capacity for γ-globulin than Sep-g-SPM with the similar IC. Moreover, the results from protein uptake experiments indicate that the facilitated transport of adsorbed γ-globulin occurs only in Sep-pSPM and depends on the architecture of polymer layers. Our research provides a clear clue for the development of high-performance protein chromatography.
