Unbalanced traffic distribution in cellular networks results in congestion and degrades spectrum efficiency.To tackle this problem,we propose an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)-assisted wireless network in which the UAV ...Unbalanced traffic distribution in cellular networks results in congestion and degrades spectrum efficiency.To tackle this problem,we propose an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)-assisted wireless network in which the UAV acts as an aerial relay to divert some traffic from the overloaded cell to its adjacent underloaded cell.To fully exploit its potential,we jointly optimize the UAV position,user association,spectrum allocation,and power allocation to maximize the sum-log-rate of all users in two adjacent cells.To tackle the complicated joint optimization problem,we first design a genetic-based algorithm to optimize the UAV position.Then,we simplify the problem by theoretical analysis and devise a low-complexity algorithm according to the branch-and-bound method,so as to obtain the optimal user association and spectrum allocation schemes.We further propose an iterative power allocation algorithm based on the sequential convex approximation theory.The simulation results indicate that the proposed UAV-assisted wireless network is superior to the terrestrial network in both utility and throughput,and the proposed algorithms can substantially improve the network performance in comparison with the other schemes.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to develop a new polyethylene glycol(PEG)ylatedβ-elemene liposome(PEG-Lipo-β-E)and evaluate its characterization,pharmacokinetics,antitumor effects and safety in vitro and in vivo.Methods:...Objective:This study aimed to develop a new polyethylene glycol(PEG)ylatedβ-elemene liposome(PEG-Lipo-β-E)and evaluate its characterization,pharmacokinetics,antitumor effects and safety in vitro and in vivo.Methods:The liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection and high-pressure micro-jet homogenization.Characterization of the liposomes was conducted,and drug content,entrapment efficiency(EE),in vitro release and stability were studied by ultra-fast liquid chromatography(UFLC)and a liquid surface method.Blood was drawn from rats to establish the pharmacokinetic parameters.The anticancer effect was evaluated in a KU-19-19 bladder cancer xenograft model.Histological analyses were performed to evaluate safety.Results:The PEG-Lipo-β-E showed good stability and was characterized as 83.31±0.181 nm in size,0.279±0.004 in polydispersity index(PDI),-21.4±1.06 mV in zeta potential,6.65±0.02 in pH,5.024±0.107 mg/mL inβ-elemene(β-E)content,and 95.53±1.712%in average EE.The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)indicated the formation of PEG-Lipo-β-E.Compared to elemene injection,PEG-Lipo-β-E demonstrated a 1.75-fold decrease in clearance,a 1.62-fold increase in half-life,and a 1.76-fold increase in area under the concentration-time curves(AUCs)from 0 hour to 1.5 hours(P<0.05).PEG-Lipo-β-E also showed an enhanced anticancer effect in vivo.Histological analyses showed that there was no evidence of toxicity to the heart,kidney,liver,lung or spleen.Conclusions:The present study demonstrates PEG-Lipo-β-E as a new formulation with ease of preparation,high EE,good stability,improved bioavailability and antitumor effects.展开更多
Objective:In this study,we aimed to develop an amino-terminal fragment(ATF)peptide-targeted liposome carryingβ-elemene(ATF24-PEG-Lipo-β-E)for targeted delivery into urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-overexpre...Objective:In this study,we aimed to develop an amino-terminal fragment(ATF)peptide-targeted liposome carryingβ-elemene(ATF24-PEG-Lipo-β-E)for targeted delivery into urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-overexpressing bladder cancer cells combined with cisplatin(DDP)for bladder cancer treatment.Methods:The liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection and high-pressure microjet homogenization.The liposomes were characterized,and the drug content,entrapment efficiency,andin vitro release were studied.The targeting efficiency was investigated using confocal microscopy,ultra-fast liquid chromatography,and an orthotopic bladder cancer model.The effects of ATF24-PEG-Lipo-β-E combined with DDP on cell viability and proliferation were evaluated by a Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay,a colony formation assay,and cell apoptosis and cell cycle analyses.The anticancer effects were evaluated in a KU-19-19 bladder cancer xenograft model.Results:ATF24-PEG-Lipo-β-E had small and uniform sizes(~79 nm),high drug loading capacity(~5.24 mg/mL),high entrapment efficiency(98.37±0.95%),and exhibited sustained drug release behavior.ATF24-PEG-Lipo-β-E had better targeting efficiency and higher cytotoxicity than polyethylene glycol(PEG)ylatedβ-elemene liposomes(PEG-Lipo-β-E).DDP,combined with ATF24-PEG-Lipo-β-E,exerted a synergistic effect on cellular apoptosis and cell arrest at the G2/M phase,and these effects were dependent on the caspase-dependent pathway and Cdc25C/Cdc2/cyclin B1 pathways.Furthermore,thein vivo antitumor activity showed that the targeted liposomes effectively inhibited the growth of tumors,using the combined strategy.Conclusions:The present study provided an effective strategy for the targeted delivery ofβ-elemene(β-E)to bladder cancer,and a combined strategy for bladder cancer treatment.展开更多
Mimicking the structure of natural bone collagen fibers/hydroxyapatite(HA)to synthesize large size of HA for accelerated bone repair remains a challenge.Herein,silicon nitride nanowires(SN)-graphene(GE)was designed by...Mimicking the structure of natural bone collagen fibers/hydroxyapatite(HA)to synthesize large size of HA for accelerated bone repair remains a challenge.Herein,silicon nitride nanowires(SN)-graphene(GE)was designed by the chemical vapor deposition,forming SN-GE(SG)similar to collagen fibers.Then,the large size HA was assembled onto SG by pulsed electrochemical deposition,the SG/HA(SGH)mimics the collagen fibers/HA structure of bone.The introduction of SG induces HA to large size grow in the form of coral-like.HA can be grown on a large size inextricably with the existence of GE modified layers.On the one hand,the upright GE sheets effectively increases the surface roughness which enhances the nucleation site of HA.On the other hand,the C=O provides chemical bonding and induces HA nucle-ation.Compared with SN/HA(SH),the porosity of SGH decreased by 71%.The average diameter of the SGH is(9.76±0.25)mm.Compared with SH,the diameter of SGH is 22 times larger than the diameter of SH.Indicating that SG induces large size growth of HA.Our work can provide a general strategy for the efficient preparation of biological scaffolds with large size HA that can be used in bone tissue engineering.展开更多
Superior thermal insulating and fire-retardant ceramic membranes are urgently demanded in the aerospace,construction,and chemical engineering industries.However,the generic characteristics of ceramic membranes,such as...Superior thermal insulating and fire-retardant ceramic membranes are urgently demanded in the aerospace,construction,and chemical engineering industries.However,the generic characteristics of ceramic membranes,such as brittleness,structural collapse,and crystallization-induced pulverization behavior,present a great plague to their practical applications.Herein,we report a highly flexible,mechanically stable,fire-retardant,and high-temperature-resistant ceramic membrane based on the interlocked Si_(3)N_(4) nanowires formed by the precursor pyrolysis method.The Si_(3)N_(4) nanowire membrane(SNM)has excellent high-temperature resistance under alcohol lamps and butane spray lance.The thermal insulation with a thermal conductivity as low as 0.056 W m^(-1)K^(-1)can be attributed to the high porosity of SNM,which makes it a desirable candidate for heat insulators under harsh conditions.More importantly,SNM exhibits thermal stability and robust mechanical properties in the range of 25 to 1300℃.The high-temperature resistance of SNM up to 1300℃is achieved by the four stages:Si3 N4 nanowires,Si_(3)N_(4)@SiO_(2) nanowires,SiO_(2) nanowires,and bead-like SiO_(2) nanowires.After heat-treated at 1300℃,the macroscopic size of SNM does not change significantly,and the interlocked structure is still maintained.Furthermore,SNM still maintains excellent mechanical properties,with tensile strength as high as 0.26 MPa.This work provides a facile method for fabricating excellent thermal insulating and fire-retardant ceramic membranes,showing prospective application prospects in the era of thermal insulating materials.展开更多
20E-hydroxyecdysone(20E)plays important roles in larval molting and metamorphosis in insects and is also involved in the insect innate immune response.Insect metamorphosis is a highly successful strategy for environme...20E-hydroxyecdysone(20E)plays important roles in larval molting and metamorphosis in insects and is also involved in the insect innate immune response.Insect metamorphosis is a highly successful strategy for environmental adaptation and is the most vulnerable stage during which the insect is susceptible to various pathogens.20E regulates a series of antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)through the immunodeficiency(IMD)pathway activation in Drosophila;nevertheless,whether other immune pathways are involved in 20E-regulated insect immunity is unknown.Our previous studies showed that BmMD-2A is a member of the MD-2-related lipid recognition(ML)family of proteins that are involved in the Bombyx mori innate immunity Toll signaling pathway.In this study,we further demonstrate that BmMD-2A is also positively regulated by 20E,and the BmMD-2A neutralization experiment suggested that 20E activates some downstream immune effect factors,the AMP genes against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,through the regulation of BmMD-2A in larval metamorphosis,implying that B.mori may use the Toll-ML signaling pathway to maintain innate immune balance in the larval-pupal metamorphosis stage,which is a different innate immunity pathway regulated by 20E compared to the IMD pathway in Drosophila.展开更多
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic regulated cell death caused by iron accumulation and subsequent lipid peroxidation.Currently,the therapeutic role of ferroptosis on cancer is gaining increasing interest.Baicalin an acti...Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic regulated cell death caused by iron accumulation and subsequent lipid peroxidation.Currently,the therapeutic role of ferroptosis on cancer is gaining increasing interest.Baicalin an active component in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with anticancer potential various cancer types;however,the effects of baicalein on bladder cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown.In the study,we investigated the effect of baicalin on bladder cancer cells5637 and KU-19-19.As a result,we show baicalin exerted its anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis and cell death in bladder cancer cells.Subsequently,we for the first time demonstrate baicalin-induced ferroptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo,accompanied by reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation and intracellular chelate iron enrichment.The ferroptosis inhibitor deferoxamine but not necrostatin-1,chloroquine(CQ),N-acetyl-L-cysteine,L-glutathione reduced,or carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone(Z-VAD-FMK) rescued baicalin-induced cell death,indicating ferroptosis contributed to baicalin-induced cell death.Mechanistically,we show that ferritin heavy chain1(FTH1) was a key determinant for baicalin-induced ferroptosis.Overexpression of FTH1 abrogated the anticancer effects of baicalin in both 5637 and KU19-19 cells.Taken together,our data for the first time suggest that the natural product baicalin exerts its anticancer activity by inducing FTH1-dependent ferroptosis,which will hopefully provide a prospective compound for bladder cancer treatment.展开更多
Ferroptosis,a novel form of programmed cell death,is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and has been shown to be involved in multiple diseases,including cancer.Stimulating ferroptosis in cancer cells m...Ferroptosis,a novel form of programmed cell death,is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and has been shown to be involved in multiple diseases,including cancer.Stimulating ferroptosis in cancer cells may be a potential strategy for cancer therapy.Therefore,ferroptosis-inducing drugs are attracting more attention for cancer treatment.Here,we showed that erianin,a natural product isolated from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl,exerted its anticancer activity by inducing cell death and inhibiting cell migration in lung cancer cells.Subsequently,we demonstrated for the first time that erianin induced ferroptotic cell death in lung cancer cells,which was accompanied by ROS accumulation,lipid peroxidation,and GSH depletion.The ferroptosis inhibitors Fer-1 and Lip-1 but not Z-VAD-FMK,CQ,or necrostatin-1 rescued erianin-induced cell death,indicating that ferroptosis contributed to erianin-induced cell death.Furthermore,we demonstrated that Ca^(2+)/CaM signaling was a critical mediator of erianin-induced ferroptosis and that blockade of this signaling significantly rescued cell death induced by erianin treatment by suppressing ferroptosis.Taken together,our data suggest that the natural product erianin exerts its anticancer effects by inducing Ca^(2+)/CaMdependent ferroptosis and inhibiting cell migration,and erianin will hopefully serve as a prospective compound for lung cancer treatment.展开更多
Curcumenol,an effective ingredient of Wenyujin,has been reported that exerted its antitumor potential in a few cancer types.However,the effect and molecular mechanism of curcumenol in lung cancer are largely unknown.H...Curcumenol,an effective ingredient of Wenyujin,has been reported that exerted its antitumor potential in a few cancer types.However,the effect and molecular mechanism of curcumenol in lung cancer are largely unknown.Here,we found that curcumenol induced cell death and suppressed cell proliferation in lung cancer cells.Next,we demonstrated that ferroptosis was the predominant method that contributed to curcumenol-induced cell death of lung cancer in vitro and vivo for the first time.Subsequently,using RNA sequencing,we found that the long non-coding RNA H19(lncRNA H19)was significantly downregulated in lung cancer cells treated with curcumenol,when compared to untreated controls.Overexpression of lncRNA H19 eliminated the anticancer effect of curcumenol,while lncRNA H19 knockdown promoted ferroptosis induced by curcumenol treatment.Mechanistically,we showed that lncRNA H19 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA to bind to miR-19b-3p,thereby enhanced the transcription activity of its endogenous target,ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1),a marker of ferroptosis.In conclusion,our data show that the natural product curcumenol exerted its antitumor effects on lung cancer by triggering ferroptosis,and the lncRNA H19/miR-19b-3p/FTH1 axis plays an essential role in curcumenol-induced ferroptotic cell death.Therefore,our findings will hopefully provide a valuable drug for treating lung cancer patients.展开更多
Extensive attention has been drawn to the development of carbon fiber composites for their application in brake disks due to the increasing demand for brake disks with high mechanical strength and better tribological ...Extensive attention has been drawn to the development of carbon fiber composites for their application in brake disks due to the increasing demand for brake disks with high mechanical strength and better tribological properties.Herein,we design SiC hexagonal nanopyramids modified carbon/carbon(SiCNPsC/C)composites,in which SiCNPs are radially grafted on the carbon fibers by the combined sol-gel and carbothermal reduction method,and pyrolytic carbon(Py C)matrix is deposited on nucleation sites including carbon fibers and SiCNPs by isothermal chemical vapor infiltration(ICVI).Benefiting from the special structure,SiCNPs-C/C composites exhibit superior mechanical and frictional performance.Compared with C/C composites,SiCNPs-C/C composites have 147%,90.3%,70.6%,and 117.9%improvement in the hardness,interlaminar shear strength,and out-of-plane and in-plane compressive strength,respectively,which is attributed to the optimized fiber/matrix(F/M)interfaces bonding and the enhanced cohesion strength of Py C matrix.In addition,the friction coefficient of SiCNPs-C/C composites increases by 25.5%,and the wear rate decreases by 38.0%.This work provides an optional design thought for the nanomaterials and enlightens the mechanical and frictional modification of composites in the field of the brakes.展开更多
5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)is known as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent against colorectal cancer(CRC),but drug resistance occurs frequently and significantly limits its clinical success.Our previous study showed that the...5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)is known as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent against colorectal cancer(CRC),but drug resistance occurs frequently and significantly limits its clinical success.Our previous study showed that the protocadherin 17(PCDH17)gene was frequently methylated and functioned as a tumor suppressor in CRC.However,the relationship between PCDH17 and 5-FU resistance in CRC remains unclear.Here,we revealed that PCDH17 was more highly expressed in 5-FU-sensitive CRC tissues than in 5-FU-resistant CRC tissues,and high expression of PCDH17 was correlated with high BECN1 expression.Moreover,this expression profile contributed to superior prognosis and increased survival in CRC patients.Restoring PCDH17 expression augmented the 5-FU sensitivity of CRC in vitro and in vivo by promoting apoptosis and autophagic cell death.Furthermore,autophagy played a dominant role in PCDH17-induced cell death,as an autophagy inhibitor blocked cell death to a greater extent than the pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK.PCDH17 inhibition by siRNA decreased the autophagy response and 5-FU sensitivity.Mechanistically,we showed that c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK)activation was a key determinant in PCDH17-induced autophagy.The compound SP600125,an inhibitor of JNK,suppressed autophagy and 5-FU-induced cell death in PCDH17-reexpressing CRC cells.Taken together,our findings suggest for the first time that PCDH17 increases the sensitivity of CRC to 5-FU treatment by inducing apoptosis and JNK-dependent autophagic cell death.PCDH17 may be a potential prognostic marker for predicting 5-FU sensitivity in CRC patients.展开更多
Internet of Things(IoT) can be conveniently deployed while empowering various applications, where the IoT nodes can form clusters to finish certain missions collectively. As energyefficient operations are critical to ...Internet of Things(IoT) can be conveniently deployed while empowering various applications, where the IoT nodes can form clusters to finish certain missions collectively. As energyefficient operations are critical to prolong the lifetime of the energy-constrained IoT devices, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) can be dispatched to geographically approach the IoT clusters towards energy-efficient IoT transmissions. This paper intends to maximize the system energy efficiency by considering both the IoT transmission energy and UAV propulsion energy, where the UAV trajectory and IoT communication resources are jointly optimized. By applying largesystem analysis and Dinkelbach method, the original fractional optimization is approximated and reformulated in the form of subtraction, and further a block coordinate descent framework is employed to update the UAV trajectory and IoT communication resources iteratively. Extensive simulation results are provided to corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Optical chaos generated by perturbing semiconductor lasers has been viewed,over recent decades,as an excellent entropy source for fast physical random bit generation(RBG)owing to its high bandwidth and large random fl...Optical chaos generated by perturbing semiconductor lasers has been viewed,over recent decades,as an excellent entropy source for fast physical random bit generation(RBG)owing to its high bandwidth and large random fluctuations.However,most optical-chaos-based random bit generators perform their quantization process in the electrical domain using electrical analog-to-digital converters,so their real-time rates in a single channel are severely limited at the level of Gb/s due to the electronic bottleneck.Here,we propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-optical method for RBG where chaotic pulses are quantized into a physical random bit stream in the all-optical domain by means of a length of highly nonlinear fiber.In our proof-of-concept experiment,a 10-Gb/s random bit stream is successfully generated on-line using our method.Note that the single-channel real-time rate is limited only by the chaos bandwidth.Considering that the Kerr nonlinearity of silica fiber with an ultrafast response of few femtoseconds is exploited for composing the key part of quantizing laser chaos,this scheme thus may operate potentially at much higher real-time rates than 100 Gb/s provided that a chaotic entropy source of sufficient bandwidth is available.展开更多
Basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors play an important role in a wide range of metabolic and developmental processes in eukaryotes,and bHLH proteins also participate in immune responses,especially in plan...Basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors play an important role in a wide range of metabolic and developmental processes in eukaryotes,and bHLH proteins also participate in immune responses,especially in plants.However,their roles in insects upon entomopathogen infection are unknown.In this study,54 bHLH genes in 41 families were identified in a polyphagous pest,Spodoptera litura,including a new bHLH gene in group B,which is specifically present in Lepidoptera and was thus named Lep.The conserved amino acids in the bHLH domain,structural architecture,and chromosomal distribution of bHLH genes in S.litura were analyzed.The bHLH genes in Plutella xylostella and Apis mellifera were also updated,and genome-wide comparison and phylogenetic analysis of bHLH members in 5 holometabolous insects were performed.The expression profiles of S.litura bHLH(SlbHLH)genes in 3 tissues at different developmental stages and their responses to S.litura nucleopolyhedrovirus(SpltNPV),Nomuraea rileyi(Nr),and Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)infection were investigated.More SlbHLHs in group B were expressed and differentially expressed during pathogen infections,and SlbHLHs tended to be downregulated in the midgut of S.litura larvae after B.thuringiensis treatment.Our study provides an overview of bHLH family members in S.litura and their responses to different pathogens used for pest biocontrol.These findings on bHLH members may contribute to uncovering the mechanism of host-pathogen interaction.展开更多
Cadherin,aminopeptidase N(APN)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)have been characterized as Cry receptors.In this study,comparative genomic analysis of the 3 receptor families was performed in 7 insects.ALPs and APNs are di...Cadherin,aminopeptidase N(APN)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)have been characterized as Cry receptors.In this study,comparative genomic analysis of the 3 receptor families was performed in 7 insects.ALPs and APNs are divided into three and eight clades in phylogenetic trees,respectively.ALPs in clade 3 and APNs in clade 1 contain multiple paralogs within each species and most paralogs are located closely in chromosomes.Drosophila melanogaster has expanded APNs in clade 5 and were lowly expressed in midgut.Cadherins are divided into 16 clades;they may diverge before holometabolous insect speciation except for BtR and Cad89D-like clades.Eight insects from different orders containing BtR orthologs are sensitive to Cryl A or Cry3A,while five species without BtR are insensitive to both toxins.Most APNs in clade 1,several ALPs in clade 3,BtR and Cad89D-like genes were highly or moderately expressed in larval midgut of Spodoptera litura and the other six species,and several members in these clades have been identi-•fied as Cry receptors.Expressions of putative 5.litura Cry receptors in the midgut after exposing to Bt toxins were also analyzed.展开更多
The introduction of oxofluoride anion into anionic group assists to tune optical properties owing to the change of coordination,electronegativity,and according anionic framework.Here,we proposed a rational design of n...The introduction of oxofluoride anion into anionic group assists to tune optical properties owing to the change of coordination,electronegativity,and according anionic framework.Here,we proposed a rational design of new compounds by fluorine-driven structure and optical property evolution.A new borophosphate Ba_(2)BP_(3)O_(11)with the monoclinic space group P2_(1/c) has been synthesized in the sealed system.Ba_(2)BP_(3)O_(11)exhibits a rare P-O-P bridge formation,which is the first example in alkaline-earth metal borophosphates.By further substituting[BO_(4)]^(3-)with[BO_(3)F]^(4-),the first alkaline-earth metal/lead fluoroborophosphates M_(2)BP_(2)O_(8)F(M=Ba and Pb)with the same space group were designed.Since the scissors effect of fluorine,in M_(2)BP_(2)O_(8)F(M=Ba and Pb),a BO_(3)F tetrahedron corner-sharing with three PO_(4)tetrahedra forms 1D chains along the b-axial direction,which are filled by MO_(n)(M=Ba/Pb,n=5,6,8)distorted polyhedra.The first principles calculation shows that the borophosphate Ba_(2)BP_(3)O_(11)has a birefringence about 0.013@1,064 nm,while the fluoroborophosphates M_(2)BP_(2)O_(8)F(M=Ba and Pb)have the values of 0.035 and 0.043@1,064 nm,respectively.Such an apparent enhancement in birefringence is derived from synergies of the oxyfluoride and cation.The introduction of fluorine-containing heteroanionic groups provides a feasible strategy to design novel promising optical materials.展开更多
Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation may play a critical role in various malignancies,including bladder cancer.This hypothesis stems in part from inflammatory cells observed in the urethral microen...Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation may play a critical role in various malignancies,including bladder cancer.This hypothesis stems in part from inflammatory cells observed in the urethral microenvironment.Chronic inflammation may drive neoplastic transformation and the progression of bladder cancer by activating a series of in-flammatory molecules and signals.Recently,it has been shown that the microbiome also plays an important role in the development and progression of bladder cancer,which can be mediated through the stimulation of chronic inflammation.In effect,the urinary microbiome can play a role in establishing the inflammatory urethral microenvironment that may facilitate the development and progression of bladder cancer.In other words,chronic inflammation caused by the urinary microbiome may promote the initiation and progression of bladder cancer.Here,we provide a detailed and comprehensive account of the link between chronic inflammation,the microbiome and bladder cancer.Finally,we highlight that targeting the urinary microbiome might enable the development of strategies for bladder cancer prevention and personalized treatment.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2020YFB1807003in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61901381,62171385,and 61901378+3 种基金in part by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China under Grant 2020z073053004in part by the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks of Xidian University under Grant ISN21-06in part by the Key Research Program and Industrial Innovation Chain Project of Shaanxi Province under Grant 2019ZDLGY07-10in part by the Natural Science Fundamental Research Program of Shaanxi Province under Grant 2021JM-069.
文摘Unbalanced traffic distribution in cellular networks results in congestion and degrades spectrum efficiency.To tackle this problem,we propose an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)-assisted wireless network in which the UAV acts as an aerial relay to divert some traffic from the overloaded cell to its adjacent underloaded cell.To fully exploit its potential,we jointly optimize the UAV position,user association,spectrum allocation,and power allocation to maximize the sum-log-rate of all users in two adjacent cells.To tackle the complicated joint optimization problem,we first design a genetic-based algorithm to optimize the UAV position.Then,we simplify the problem by theoretical analysis and devise a low-complexity algorithm according to the branch-and-bound method,so as to obtain the optimal user association and spectrum allocation schemes.We further propose an iterative power allocation algorithm based on the sequential convex approximation theory.The simulation results indicate that the proposed UAV-assisted wireless network is superior to the terrestrial network in both utility and throughput,and the proposed algorithms can substantially improve the network performance in comparison with the other schemes.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81672932,81874380 and 81730108)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.LR18H160001)+7 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LY15H160028 and LY13H130002)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(130/2017/A3,0099/2018/A3)Zhejiang Province Medical Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2017RC007)Key Project of Zhejiang Province Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.2015C03055)Talent Project of Zhejiang Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.2017YCGC002)Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Project of TCM(Grant No.2019ZZ016)Key Project of Hangzhou Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.20162013A07,20142013A63)Zhejiang Provincial Project for the Key Discipline of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2017-XK-A09)。
文摘Objective:This study aimed to develop a new polyethylene glycol(PEG)ylatedβ-elemene liposome(PEG-Lipo-β-E)and evaluate its characterization,pharmacokinetics,antitumor effects and safety in vitro and in vivo.Methods:The liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection and high-pressure micro-jet homogenization.Characterization of the liposomes was conducted,and drug content,entrapment efficiency(EE),in vitro release and stability were studied by ultra-fast liquid chromatography(UFLC)and a liquid surface method.Blood was drawn from rats to establish the pharmacokinetic parameters.The anticancer effect was evaluated in a KU-19-19 bladder cancer xenograft model.Histological analyses were performed to evaluate safety.Results:The PEG-Lipo-β-E showed good stability and was characterized as 83.31±0.181 nm in size,0.279±0.004 in polydispersity index(PDI),-21.4±1.06 mV in zeta potential,6.65±0.02 in pH,5.024±0.107 mg/mL inβ-elemene(β-E)content,and 95.53±1.712%in average EE.The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)indicated the formation of PEG-Lipo-β-E.Compared to elemene injection,PEG-Lipo-β-E demonstrated a 1.75-fold decrease in clearance,a 1.62-fold increase in half-life,and a 1.76-fold increase in area under the concentration-time curves(AUCs)from 0 hour to 1.5 hours(P<0.05).PEG-Lipo-β-E also showed an enhanced anticancer effect in vivo.Histological analyses showed that there was no evidence of toxicity to the heart,kidney,liver,lung or spleen.Conclusions:The present study demonstrates PEG-Lipo-β-E as a new formulation with ease of preparation,high EE,good stability,improved bioavailability and antitumor effects.
基金This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81672932,81730108,81874380,and 81973635)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.LR18H160001)the Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Project of TCM(Grant No.2019ZZ016).
文摘Objective:In this study,we aimed to develop an amino-terminal fragment(ATF)peptide-targeted liposome carryingβ-elemene(ATF24-PEG-Lipo-β-E)for targeted delivery into urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-overexpressing bladder cancer cells combined with cisplatin(DDP)for bladder cancer treatment.Methods:The liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection and high-pressure microjet homogenization.The liposomes were characterized,and the drug content,entrapment efficiency,andin vitro release were studied.The targeting efficiency was investigated using confocal microscopy,ultra-fast liquid chromatography,and an orthotopic bladder cancer model.The effects of ATF24-PEG-Lipo-β-E combined with DDP on cell viability and proliferation were evaluated by a Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay,a colony formation assay,and cell apoptosis and cell cycle analyses.The anticancer effects were evaluated in a KU-19-19 bladder cancer xenograft model.Results:ATF24-PEG-Lipo-β-E had small and uniform sizes(~79 nm),high drug loading capacity(~5.24 mg/mL),high entrapment efficiency(98.37±0.95%),and exhibited sustained drug release behavior.ATF24-PEG-Lipo-β-E had better targeting efficiency and higher cytotoxicity than polyethylene glycol(PEG)ylatedβ-elemene liposomes(PEG-Lipo-β-E).DDP,combined with ATF24-PEG-Lipo-β-E,exerted a synergistic effect on cellular apoptosis and cell arrest at the G2/M phase,and these effects were dependent on the caspase-dependent pathway and Cdc25C/Cdc2/cyclin B1 pathways.Furthermore,thein vivo antitumor activity showed that the targeted liposomes effectively inhibited the growth of tumors,using the combined strategy.Conclusions:The present study provided an effective strategy for the targeted delivery ofβ-elemene(β-E)to bladder cancer,and a combined strategy for bladder cancer treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51872232the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NWPU),China(Grant No.136-QP-2015)and“111”project of China(B08040)+2 种基金The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Research Team of Shaanxi Province(2022TD-31)Project supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21B2067)The Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(2021ZDLGY14-04).
文摘Mimicking the structure of natural bone collagen fibers/hydroxyapatite(HA)to synthesize large size of HA for accelerated bone repair remains a challenge.Herein,silicon nitride nanowires(SN)-graphene(GE)was designed by the chemical vapor deposition,forming SN-GE(SG)similar to collagen fibers.Then,the large size HA was assembled onto SG by pulsed electrochemical deposition,the SG/HA(SGH)mimics the collagen fibers/HA structure of bone.The introduction of SG induces HA to large size grow in the form of coral-like.HA can be grown on a large size inextricably with the existence of GE modified layers.On the one hand,the upright GE sheets effectively increases the surface roughness which enhances the nucleation site of HA.On the other hand,the C=O provides chemical bonding and induces HA nucle-ation.Compared with SN/HA(SH),the porosity of SGH decreased by 71%.The average diameter of the SGH is(9.76±0.25)mm.Compared with SH,the diameter of SGH is 22 times larger than the diameter of SH.Indicating that SG induces large size growth of HA.Our work can provide a general strategy for the efficient preparation of biological scaffolds with large size HA that can be used in bone tissue engineering.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51872232)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NWPU),China(Grant No.136-QP-2015)+3 种基金the Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Research Team of Shaanxi Province(No.2022TD-31)the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2021ZDLGY14-04)the National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(Grand No.XN2022023)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21B2067).
文摘Superior thermal insulating and fire-retardant ceramic membranes are urgently demanded in the aerospace,construction,and chemical engineering industries.However,the generic characteristics of ceramic membranes,such as brittleness,structural collapse,and crystallization-induced pulverization behavior,present a great plague to their practical applications.Herein,we report a highly flexible,mechanically stable,fire-retardant,and high-temperature-resistant ceramic membrane based on the interlocked Si_(3)N_(4) nanowires formed by the precursor pyrolysis method.The Si_(3)N_(4) nanowire membrane(SNM)has excellent high-temperature resistance under alcohol lamps and butane spray lance.The thermal insulation with a thermal conductivity as low as 0.056 W m^(-1)K^(-1)can be attributed to the high porosity of SNM,which makes it a desirable candidate for heat insulators under harsh conditions.More importantly,SNM exhibits thermal stability and robust mechanical properties in the range of 25 to 1300℃.The high-temperature resistance of SNM up to 1300℃is achieved by the four stages:Si3 N4 nanowires,Si_(3)N_(4)@SiO_(2) nanowires,SiO_(2) nanowires,and bead-like SiO_(2) nanowires.After heat-treated at 1300℃,the macroscopic size of SNM does not change significantly,and the interlocked structure is still maintained.Furthermore,SNM still maintains excellent mechanical properties,with tensile strength as high as 0.26 MPa.This work provides a facile method for fabricating excellent thermal insulating and fire-retardant ceramic membranes,showing prospective application prospects in the era of thermal insulating materials.
基金funded by grants from the National Science Foundation of China(grant no.31970462)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(no.2020A1515110805,no.2020A1515010867,no.2021A1515012090).
文摘20E-hydroxyecdysone(20E)plays important roles in larval molting and metamorphosis in insects and is also involved in the insect innate immune response.Insect metamorphosis is a highly successful strategy for environmental adaptation and is the most vulnerable stage during which the insect is susceptible to various pathogens.20E regulates a series of antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)through the immunodeficiency(IMD)pathway activation in Drosophila;nevertheless,whether other immune pathways are involved in 20E-regulated insect immunity is unknown.Our previous studies showed that BmMD-2A is a member of the MD-2-related lipid recognition(ML)family of proteins that are involved in the Bombyx mori innate immunity Toll signaling pathway.In this study,we further demonstrate that BmMD-2A is also positively regulated by 20E,and the BmMD-2A neutralization experiment suggested that 20E activates some downstream immune effect factors,the AMP genes against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,through the regulation of BmMD-2A in larval metamorphosis,implying that B.mori may use the Toll-ML signaling pathway to maintain innate immune balance in the larval-pupal metamorphosis stage,which is a different innate immunity pathway regulated by 20E compared to the IMD pathway in Drosophila.
基金supported by the grants National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81874380 and 82022075, to Xinbing Sui81730108 and 81973635, to Tian Xie)+4 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. LR18H160001, to Xinbing Sui)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. LQ20H160013, Ting DuanLQ21H160038, to Jiao Feng)Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Project of TCM (Nos. 2019ZZ016, to Xinbing Sui2020ZQ046, to Ruonan Zhang, China)。
文摘Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic regulated cell death caused by iron accumulation and subsequent lipid peroxidation.Currently,the therapeutic role of ferroptosis on cancer is gaining increasing interest.Baicalin an active component in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with anticancer potential various cancer types;however,the effects of baicalein on bladder cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown.In the study,we investigated the effect of baicalin on bladder cancer cells5637 and KU-19-19.As a result,we show baicalin exerted its anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis and cell death in bladder cancer cells.Subsequently,we for the first time demonstrate baicalin-induced ferroptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo,accompanied by reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation and intracellular chelate iron enrichment.The ferroptosis inhibitor deferoxamine but not necrostatin-1,chloroquine(CQ),N-acetyl-L-cysteine,L-glutathione reduced,or carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone(Z-VAD-FMK) rescued baicalin-induced cell death,indicating ferroptosis contributed to baicalin-induced cell death.Mechanistically,we show that ferritin heavy chain1(FTH1) was a key determinant for baicalin-induced ferroptosis.Overexpression of FTH1 abrogated the anticancer effects of baicalin in both 5637 and KU19-19 cells.Taken together,our data for the first time suggest that the natural product baicalin exerts its anticancer activity by inducing FTH1-dependent ferroptosis,which will hopefully provide a prospective compound for bladder cancer treatment.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.81672932,81730108,81874380,and 81973635)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(grant No.LR18H160001)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Project of TCM(grant No.2019ZZ016)the Open Project Program of the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica(No.JKLPSE201807).
文摘Ferroptosis,a novel form of programmed cell death,is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and has been shown to be involved in multiple diseases,including cancer.Stimulating ferroptosis in cancer cells may be a potential strategy for cancer therapy.Therefore,ferroptosis-inducing drugs are attracting more attention for cancer treatment.Here,we showed that erianin,a natural product isolated from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl,exerted its anticancer activity by inducing cell death and inhibiting cell migration in lung cancer cells.Subsequently,we demonstrated for the first time that erianin induced ferroptotic cell death in lung cancer cells,which was accompanied by ROS accumulation,lipid peroxidation,and GSH depletion.The ferroptosis inhibitors Fer-1 and Lip-1 but not Z-VAD-FMK,CQ,or necrostatin-1 rescued erianin-induced cell death,indicating that ferroptosis contributed to erianin-induced cell death.Furthermore,we demonstrated that Ca^(2+)/CaM signaling was a critical mediator of erianin-induced ferroptosis and that blockade of this signaling significantly rescued cell death induced by erianin treatment by suppressing ferroptosis.Taken together,our data suggest that the natural product erianin exerts its anticancer effects by inducing Ca^(2+)/CaMdependent ferroptosis and inhibiting cell migration,and erianin will hopefully serve as a prospective compound for lung cancer treatment.
基金This work was financially funded by the grants National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81874380 and 82022075,to Xinbing Sui,81730108 and 81973635,to Tian Xie,82104207,to Xueni Sun)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.LR18H160001,to Xinbing Sui)+5 种基金the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(No.130/2017/A3,0099/2018/A3 and 0098/2021/A2,to Qibiao Wu)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2020B1212030008,to Qibiao Wu)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ20H160013,Ting DuanLQ21H160038,to Jiao Feng)Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Project of TCM(No.2019ZZ016,to Xinbing Sui2021ZQ058,to Ruonan Zhang,China).
文摘Curcumenol,an effective ingredient of Wenyujin,has been reported that exerted its antitumor potential in a few cancer types.However,the effect and molecular mechanism of curcumenol in lung cancer are largely unknown.Here,we found that curcumenol induced cell death and suppressed cell proliferation in lung cancer cells.Next,we demonstrated that ferroptosis was the predominant method that contributed to curcumenol-induced cell death of lung cancer in vitro and vivo for the first time.Subsequently,using RNA sequencing,we found that the long non-coding RNA H19(lncRNA H19)was significantly downregulated in lung cancer cells treated with curcumenol,when compared to untreated controls.Overexpression of lncRNA H19 eliminated the anticancer effect of curcumenol,while lncRNA H19 knockdown promoted ferroptosis induced by curcumenol treatment.Mechanistically,we showed that lncRNA H19 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA to bind to miR-19b-3p,thereby enhanced the transcription activity of its endogenous target,ferritin heavy chain 1(FTH1),a marker of ferroptosis.In conclusion,our data show that the natural product curcumenol exerted its antitumor effects on lung cancer by triggering ferroptosis,and the lncRNA H19/miR-19b-3p/FTH1 axis plays an essential role in curcumenol-induced ferroptotic cell death.Therefore,our findings will hopefully provide a valuable drug for treating lung cancer patients.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51872232,51972271,and 51872234)Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi(No.2022JC-25)。
文摘Extensive attention has been drawn to the development of carbon fiber composites for their application in brake disks due to the increasing demand for brake disks with high mechanical strength and better tribological properties.Herein,we design SiC hexagonal nanopyramids modified carbon/carbon(SiCNPsC/C)composites,in which SiCNPs are radially grafted on the carbon fibers by the combined sol-gel and carbothermal reduction method,and pyrolytic carbon(Py C)matrix is deposited on nucleation sites including carbon fibers and SiCNPs by isothermal chemical vapor infiltration(ICVI).Benefiting from the special structure,SiCNPs-C/C composites exhibit superior mechanical and frictional performance.Compared with C/C composites,SiCNPs-C/C composites have 147%,90.3%,70.6%,and 117.9%improvement in the hardness,interlaminar shear strength,and out-of-plane and in-plane compressive strength,respectively,which is attributed to the optimized fiber/matrix(F/M)interfaces bonding and the enhanced cohesion strength of Py C matrix.In addition,the friction coefficient of SiCNPs-C/C composites increases by 25.5%,and the wear rate decreases by 38.0%.This work provides an optional design thought for the nanomaterials and enlightens the mechanical and frictional modification of composites in the field of the brakes.
基金This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81672932,81730108,81874380,81802371,and 81973635)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.LR18H160001)+6 种基金Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Project of TCM(Grant No.2019ZZ016)Zhejiang Province Medical Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2017RC007)Talent Project of Zhejiang Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.2017YCGC002)Key Project of Hangzhou Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.20162013A07)Zhejiang Provincial Project for the Key Discipline of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2017-XK-A09)Open Project Program of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica(No.JKLPSE201807)Project of the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)is known as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent against colorectal cancer(CRC),but drug resistance occurs frequently and significantly limits its clinical success.Our previous study showed that the protocadherin 17(PCDH17)gene was frequently methylated and functioned as a tumor suppressor in CRC.However,the relationship between PCDH17 and 5-FU resistance in CRC remains unclear.Here,we revealed that PCDH17 was more highly expressed in 5-FU-sensitive CRC tissues than in 5-FU-resistant CRC tissues,and high expression of PCDH17 was correlated with high BECN1 expression.Moreover,this expression profile contributed to superior prognosis and increased survival in CRC patients.Restoring PCDH17 expression augmented the 5-FU sensitivity of CRC in vitro and in vivo by promoting apoptosis and autophagic cell death.Furthermore,autophagy played a dominant role in PCDH17-induced cell death,as an autophagy inhibitor blocked cell death to a greater extent than the pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK.PCDH17 inhibition by siRNA decreased the autophagy response and 5-FU sensitivity.Mechanistically,we showed that c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK)activation was a key determinant in PCDH17-induced autophagy.The compound SP600125,an inhibitor of JNK,suppressed autophagy and 5-FU-induced cell death in PCDH17-reexpressing CRC cells.Taken together,our findings suggest for the first time that PCDH17 increases the sensitivity of CRC to 5-FU treatment by inducing apoptosis and JNK-dependent autophagic cell death.PCDH17 may be a potential prognostic marker for predicting 5-FU sensitivity in CRC patients.
基金co-supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2020YFB1807003National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61901378,61941119)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.BX20190287,2020M683563)Open Research Fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,Southeast University(No.2022D01)。
文摘Internet of Things(IoT) can be conveniently deployed while empowering various applications, where the IoT nodes can form clusters to finish certain missions collectively. As energyefficient operations are critical to prolong the lifetime of the energy-constrained IoT devices, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) can be dispatched to geographically approach the IoT clusters towards energy-efficient IoT transmissions. This paper intends to maximize the system energy efficiency by considering both the IoT transmission energy and UAV propulsion energy, where the UAV trajectory and IoT communication resources are jointly optimized. By applying largesystem analysis and Dinkelbach method, the original fractional optimization is approximated and reformulated in the form of subtraction, and further a block coordinate descent framework is employed to update the UAV trajectory and IoT communication resources iteratively. Extensive simulation results are provided to corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175177,U19A2076,61731014,61961136002,61927811,and 61805168)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(201901D211116,201901D211077)
文摘Optical chaos generated by perturbing semiconductor lasers has been viewed,over recent decades,as an excellent entropy source for fast physical random bit generation(RBG)owing to its high bandwidth and large random fluctuations.However,most optical-chaos-based random bit generators perform their quantization process in the electrical domain using electrical analog-to-digital converters,so their real-time rates in a single channel are severely limited at the level of Gb/s due to the electronic bottleneck.Here,we propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-optical method for RBG where chaotic pulses are quantized into a physical random bit stream in the all-optical domain by means of a length of highly nonlinear fiber.In our proof-of-concept experiment,a 10-Gb/s random bit stream is successfully generated on-line using our method.Note that the single-channel real-time rate is limited only by the chaos bandwidth.Considering that the Kerr nonlinearity of silica fiber with an ultrafast response of few femtoseconds is exploited for composing the key part of quantizing laser chaos,this scheme thus may operate potentially at much higher real-time rates than 100 Gb/s provided that a chaotic entropy source of sufficient bandwidth is available.
基金This research was funded by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(No,2019YFD1002100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31901941 and No.31970474)+1 种基金Natural Science Foun-dation of Guangdong Province(No.202102020966)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M682752).The authors are grateful for the generous gift of S.litura nucleopolyhedrovirus(SpItNPV)from Professor Kai Yang at Sun Yat-Sen University,Nomuruea rileyi(Nr06)from Professor Xusheng Liu at Central China Normal University,and Bacillus thuringiensis(WB9)from Professor Xiong Guan at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.
文摘Basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors play an important role in a wide range of metabolic and developmental processes in eukaryotes,and bHLH proteins also participate in immune responses,especially in plants.However,their roles in insects upon entomopathogen infection are unknown.In this study,54 bHLH genes in 41 families were identified in a polyphagous pest,Spodoptera litura,including a new bHLH gene in group B,which is specifically present in Lepidoptera and was thus named Lep.The conserved amino acids in the bHLH domain,structural architecture,and chromosomal distribution of bHLH genes in S.litura were analyzed.The bHLH genes in Plutella xylostella and Apis mellifera were also updated,and genome-wide comparison and phylogenetic analysis of bHLH members in 5 holometabolous insects were performed.The expression profiles of S.litura bHLH(SlbHLH)genes in 3 tissues at different developmental stages and their responses to S.litura nucleopolyhedrovirus(SpltNPV),Nomuraea rileyi(Nr),and Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)infection were investigated.More SlbHLHs in group B were expressed and differentially expressed during pathogen infections,and SlbHLHs tended to be downregulated in the midgut of S.litura larvae after B.thuringiensis treatment.Our study provides an overview of bHLH family members in S.litura and their responses to different pathogens used for pest biocontrol.These findings on bHLH members may contribute to uncovering the mechanism of host-pathogen interaction.
基金This research is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFD1002100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31901941 and No.31970474)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2020JJ4178).
文摘Cadherin,aminopeptidase N(APN)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)have been characterized as Cry receptors.In this study,comparative genomic analysis of the 3 receptor families was performed in 7 insects.ALPs and APNs are divided into three and eight clades in phylogenetic trees,respectively.ALPs in clade 3 and APNs in clade 1 contain multiple paralogs within each species and most paralogs are located closely in chromosomes.Drosophila melanogaster has expanded APNs in clade 5 and were lowly expressed in midgut.Cadherins are divided into 16 clades;they may diverge before holometabolous insect speciation except for BtR and Cad89D-like clades.Eight insects from different orders containing BtR orthologs are sensitive to Cryl A or Cry3A,while five species without BtR are insensitive to both toxins.Most APNs in clade 1,several ALPs in clade 3,BtR and Cad89D-like genes were highly or moderately expressed in larval midgut of Spodoptera litura and the other six species,and several members in these clades have been identi-•fied as Cry receptors.Expressions of putative 5.litura Cry receptors in the midgut after exposing to Bt toxins were also analyzed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972336,61835014,51922014)the International Partnership Program of CAS(1A1365KYSB20200008)+4 种基金the Instrument Developing Project of CAS(GJJSTD20200007)the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of CAS(KFJ-STS-QYZD-130)Basic Frontier Science Research Program of CAS(ZDBS-LY-SLH035)the Western Light Foundation of CAS(Y92S191301)Fujian Institute of Innovation,CAS(FJCXY18010202)。
文摘The introduction of oxofluoride anion into anionic group assists to tune optical properties owing to the change of coordination,electronegativity,and according anionic framework.Here,we proposed a rational design of new compounds by fluorine-driven structure and optical property evolution.A new borophosphate Ba_(2)BP_(3)O_(11)with the monoclinic space group P2_(1/c) has been synthesized in the sealed system.Ba_(2)BP_(3)O_(11)exhibits a rare P-O-P bridge formation,which is the first example in alkaline-earth metal borophosphates.By further substituting[BO_(4)]^(3-)with[BO_(3)F]^(4-),the first alkaline-earth metal/lead fluoroborophosphates M_(2)BP_(2)O_(8)F(M=Ba and Pb)with the same space group were designed.Since the scissors effect of fluorine,in M_(2)BP_(2)O_(8)F(M=Ba and Pb),a BO_(3)F tetrahedron corner-sharing with three PO_(4)tetrahedra forms 1D chains along the b-axial direction,which are filled by MO_(n)(M=Ba/Pb,n=5,6,8)distorted polyhedra.The first principles calculation shows that the borophosphate Ba_(2)BP_(3)O_(11)has a birefringence about 0.013@1,064 nm,while the fluoroborophosphates M_(2)BP_(2)O_(8)F(M=Ba and Pb)have the values of 0.035 and 0.043@1,064 nm,respectively.Such an apparent enhancement in birefringence is derived from synergies of the oxyfluoride and cation.The introduction of fluorine-containing heteroanionic groups provides a feasible strategy to design novel promising optical materials.
基金This research was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 81630080,91129714,81874380,81730108,81973635 and 82022075]Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars[grant number LR18H160001]+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China[grant numbers 2018YFC1704100 and 2018YFC1704106]Zhejiang province science and technology project of TCM[grant number 2019ZZ016].
文摘Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation may play a critical role in various malignancies,including bladder cancer.This hypothesis stems in part from inflammatory cells observed in the urethral microenvironment.Chronic inflammation may drive neoplastic transformation and the progression of bladder cancer by activating a series of in-flammatory molecules and signals.Recently,it has been shown that the microbiome also plays an important role in the development and progression of bladder cancer,which can be mediated through the stimulation of chronic inflammation.In effect,the urinary microbiome can play a role in establishing the inflammatory urethral microenvironment that may facilitate the development and progression of bladder cancer.In other words,chronic inflammation caused by the urinary microbiome may promote the initiation and progression of bladder cancer.Here,we provide a detailed and comprehensive account of the link between chronic inflammation,the microbiome and bladder cancer.Finally,we highlight that targeting the urinary microbiome might enable the development of strategies for bladder cancer prevention and personalized treatment.
