Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide,with limited treatment options available in clinical practice.The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke trea...Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide,with limited treatment options available in clinical practice.The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke treatment via the restoration of brain neuron function.Exogenous neural stem cells are beneficial not only in cell replacement but also through the bystander effect.Neural stem cells regulate multiple physiological responses,including nerve repair,endogenous regeneration,immune function,and blood-brain barrier permeability,through the secretion of bioactive substances,including extracellular vesicles/exosomes.However,due to the complex microenvironment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and the low survival rate of neural stem cells following transplantation,limitations in the treatment effect remain unresolved.In this paper,we provide a detailed summary of the potential mechanisms of neural stem cell therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke,review current neural stem cell therapeutic strategies and clinical trial results,and summarize the latest advancements in neural stem cell engineering to improve the survival rate of neural stem cells.We hope that this review could help provide insight into the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells and guide future scientific endeavors on neural stem cells.展开更多
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)represent an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers with high porosity,good stability,and adjustable structure,and their excellent characteristics lay a solid foundation for ele...Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)represent an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers with high porosity,good stability,and adjustable structure,and their excellent characteristics lay a solid foundation for electrocatalysis.This review systematically introduces the design principles of the catalytic sites in two-dimensional(2D)COF-based electrocatalysts and analyzes the relationship between 2D COF structure and their electrocatalytic performances.In particular,the recent progress in the field of 2D COFs as electrocatalysts is comprehensively summarized.Finally,we discuss the current shortcomings and challenges on tailoring 2D COF for high-performance electrocatalysts in details,and look forward to promoting more researches on 2D COF-based electrocatalysts.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81971105(to ZNG)the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province,No.YDZJ202201ZYTS677(to ZNG)+3 种基金Talent Reserve Program of the First Hospital of Jilin University,No.JDYYCB-2023002(to ZNG)the Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University,No.2022JBGS03(to YY)Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province,Nos.YDZJ202302CXJD061,20220303002SF(to YY)Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory,No.YDZJ202302CXJD017(to YY).
文摘Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide,with limited treatment options available in clinical practice.The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke treatment via the restoration of brain neuron function.Exogenous neural stem cells are beneficial not only in cell replacement but also through the bystander effect.Neural stem cells regulate multiple physiological responses,including nerve repair,endogenous regeneration,immune function,and blood-brain barrier permeability,through the secretion of bioactive substances,including extracellular vesicles/exosomes.However,due to the complex microenvironment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and the low survival rate of neural stem cells following transplantation,limitations in the treatment effect remain unresolved.In this paper,we provide a detailed summary of the potential mechanisms of neural stem cell therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke,review current neural stem cell therapeutic strategies and clinical trial results,and summarize the latest advancements in neural stem cell engineering to improve the survival rate of neural stem cells.We hope that this review could help provide insight into the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells and guide future scientific endeavors on neural stem cells.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22071172,21872103,and 52073208).
文摘Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)represent an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers with high porosity,good stability,and adjustable structure,and their excellent characteristics lay a solid foundation for electrocatalysis.This review systematically introduces the design principles of the catalytic sites in two-dimensional(2D)COF-based electrocatalysts and analyzes the relationship between 2D COF structure and their electrocatalytic performances.In particular,the recent progress in the field of 2D COFs as electrocatalysts is comprehensively summarized.Finally,we discuss the current shortcomings and challenges on tailoring 2D COF for high-performance electrocatalysts in details,and look forward to promoting more researches on 2D COF-based electrocatalysts.
