1 Surgical Anatomy The ribs,sternum,and vertebral column form the thoracic skeleton.The intercostal space generally is two to three times as wide as the adjacent ribs.Blood supply to the thoracic wall is provided by t...1 Surgical Anatomy The ribs,sternum,and vertebral column form the thoracic skeleton.The intercostal space generally is two to three times as wide as the adjacent ribs.Blood supply to the thoracic wall is provided by the intercostal arteries,which lie caudal to the adjacent rib in conjunction with a satellite vein and nerve.The muscles of the thorax not only serve a structural function but also are important in respiration.展开更多
Transitional cell carcinoma(TCC)is the most common tumor of urinary bladder(UB)in dogs.TCC usually has high invasiveness and frequent involvement of trigone region,and therefore most TCC in dogs are judged as unresect...Transitional cell carcinoma(TCC)is the most common tumor of urinary bladder(UB)in dogs.TCC usually has high invasiveness and frequent involvement of trigone region,and therefore most TCC in dogs are judged as unresectable when diagnosed.Moreover,tumor involvement of trigone region and urethra could cause partial or complete urinary tract obstruction.As TCCs are clinically highly malignant,median survival time of the patients with TCCs at any TMN stage has been reported to be less than 1 year regardless of the type of surgical intervention and chemotherapeutic regimen in most previously studies.展开更多
文摘1 Surgical Anatomy The ribs,sternum,and vertebral column form the thoracic skeleton.The intercostal space generally is two to three times as wide as the adjacent ribs.Blood supply to the thoracic wall is provided by the intercostal arteries,which lie caudal to the adjacent rib in conjunction with a satellite vein and nerve.The muscles of the thorax not only serve a structural function but also are important in respiration.
文摘Transitional cell carcinoma(TCC)is the most common tumor of urinary bladder(UB)in dogs.TCC usually has high invasiveness and frequent involvement of trigone region,and therefore most TCC in dogs are judged as unresectable when diagnosed.Moreover,tumor involvement of trigone region and urethra could cause partial or complete urinary tract obstruction.As TCCs are clinically highly malignant,median survival time of the patients with TCCs at any TMN stage has been reported to be less than 1 year regardless of the type of surgical intervention and chemotherapeutic regimen in most previously studies.
