In scaled CMOS processes, the single-event effects generate missing output pulses in Delay-Locked Loop (DLL). Due to its effective sequence detection of the missing pulses in the proposed Error Correction Circuit (ECC...In scaled CMOS processes, the single-event effects generate missing output pulses in Delay-Locked Loop (DLL). Due to its effective sequence detection of the missing pulses in the proposed Error Correction Circuit (ECC) and its portability to be applied to any DLL type, the ECC mitigates the impact of single-event effects and completes its operation with less design complexity without any concern about losing the information. The ECC has been implemented in 180 nm CMOS process and measured the accuracy of mitigation on simulations at LETs up to 100 MeV-cm<sup>2</sup>/mg. The robustness and portability of the mitigation technique are validated through the results obtained by implementing proposed ECC in XilinxArtix 7 FPGA.展开更多
Wireless sensor networks applications involve a position of inaccessible metropolitan vicinity en-closed by wireless sensor nodes (WSNs)-monitors environmental parameters like battle field surveillance, home applicati...Wireless sensor networks applications involve a position of inaccessible metropolitan vicinity en-closed by wireless sensor nodes (WSNs)-monitors environmental parameters like battle field surveillance, home applications like fire alarm, health monitoring, etc. Energy plays a vital role in Wireless sensor networks. So, we have to concentrate more on balanced energy consumption for maximizing the network lifetime. Minimizing the whole network overhead and vigor disbursement coupled with the multi-hop data reclamation process that ensuring balanced energy consumption among SNs which results in prolonged network lifetime. This can be achieved by forwarding the sensed data to their cluster heads and then filtering the data before sending it to their tryst nodes, which is located in proximity to MS’s trajectory. Sleep and awakening of nodes periodically helps to retain their energy for some more time. The events occurring in any part of the network should be identified by the nodes, while arrangements sleep and active among the nodes. (i.e.) the nodes should be scheduled to sleep, so that the outstanding nodes can take care of the whole network. The eXtensible Randomized Matrix Arithmetic Coding (XRMAC) Technique has been used to enhance the security among all the nodes in the network. Simulation results show that our Proposed Scheme can have better Lifetime, improved throughput, reduced delay compared to other existing methods.展开更多
Wireless sensor networks consist of many small nodes with distributing devices to monitor conditions at different locations. Usually wireless sensor nodes are sprinkled in a sensor field grouping limited areas. This p...Wireless sensor networks consist of many small nodes with distributing devices to monitor conditions at different locations. Usually wireless sensor nodes are sprinkled in a sensor field grouping limited areas. This paper highlights the Enhanced Cluster Based Key management (ECBK) protocol to achieve secure data delivery based on clustering mechanism. This protocol gives more importance to Cluster Coordinator node, which is used to coordinate the members and provide protective communication among the sensor nodes to enhance reliability. In Enhanced Cluster Based Key management two types of nodes are deployed. The high power nodes form clusters with surrounding nodes to enable the routing process without interference. This paper introduces ECBK protocol that balances the load among the clusters, achieves high throughput, end to end delay will be reduced, routing overhead also reduced and also it prolongs the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the presence of high transmission nodes reduces the delay, load balance, routing overhead, and enhances the throughput increased by 45% compared to other similar methods.展开更多
An electronic circuit has been designed to mimic glycolysis, the Citric Acid (TCA) cycle and the electron transport chain. Enzymes play a vital role in metabolic pathways; similarly transistors play a vital role in e...An electronic circuit has been designed to mimic glycolysis, the Citric Acid (TCA) cycle and the electron transport chain. Enzymes play a vital role in metabolic pathways; similarly transistors play a vital role in electronic circuits; the characteristics of enzymes in comparison with those of transistors suggests that the properties are analagous. Enzymes possess an active site into which the substrate binds, similarly the transistor possess a layer in which the recombination of holes and electrons takes place. Hence the applied voltage in the circuit is considered as the substrate. The enthalpy values of the enzymes are converted into volts, which is to be applied to the circuit. ATP is the energy source in the metabolic pathway which functions like a potential in the electronic circuit. Some enzymes can function only with the help of a cofactor; here modelled as a switch. Using all the above electronic circuit analogues, which possess the similar characteristics of the metabolic pathway constituents, circuits have been designed.展开更多
文摘In scaled CMOS processes, the single-event effects generate missing output pulses in Delay-Locked Loop (DLL). Due to its effective sequence detection of the missing pulses in the proposed Error Correction Circuit (ECC) and its portability to be applied to any DLL type, the ECC mitigates the impact of single-event effects and completes its operation with less design complexity without any concern about losing the information. The ECC has been implemented in 180 nm CMOS process and measured the accuracy of mitigation on simulations at LETs up to 100 MeV-cm<sup>2</sup>/mg. The robustness and portability of the mitigation technique are validated through the results obtained by implementing proposed ECC in XilinxArtix 7 FPGA.
文摘Wireless sensor networks applications involve a position of inaccessible metropolitan vicinity en-closed by wireless sensor nodes (WSNs)-monitors environmental parameters like battle field surveillance, home applications like fire alarm, health monitoring, etc. Energy plays a vital role in Wireless sensor networks. So, we have to concentrate more on balanced energy consumption for maximizing the network lifetime. Minimizing the whole network overhead and vigor disbursement coupled with the multi-hop data reclamation process that ensuring balanced energy consumption among SNs which results in prolonged network lifetime. This can be achieved by forwarding the sensed data to their cluster heads and then filtering the data before sending it to their tryst nodes, which is located in proximity to MS’s trajectory. Sleep and awakening of nodes periodically helps to retain their energy for some more time. The events occurring in any part of the network should be identified by the nodes, while arrangements sleep and active among the nodes. (i.e.) the nodes should be scheduled to sleep, so that the outstanding nodes can take care of the whole network. The eXtensible Randomized Matrix Arithmetic Coding (XRMAC) Technique has been used to enhance the security among all the nodes in the network. Simulation results show that our Proposed Scheme can have better Lifetime, improved throughput, reduced delay compared to other existing methods.
文摘Wireless sensor networks consist of many small nodes with distributing devices to monitor conditions at different locations. Usually wireless sensor nodes are sprinkled in a sensor field grouping limited areas. This paper highlights the Enhanced Cluster Based Key management (ECBK) protocol to achieve secure data delivery based on clustering mechanism. This protocol gives more importance to Cluster Coordinator node, which is used to coordinate the members and provide protective communication among the sensor nodes to enhance reliability. In Enhanced Cluster Based Key management two types of nodes are deployed. The high power nodes form clusters with surrounding nodes to enable the routing process without interference. This paper introduces ECBK protocol that balances the load among the clusters, achieves high throughput, end to end delay will be reduced, routing overhead also reduced and also it prolongs the network lifetime. Simulation results show that the presence of high transmission nodes reduces the delay, load balance, routing overhead, and enhances the throughput increased by 45% compared to other similar methods.
文摘An electronic circuit has been designed to mimic glycolysis, the Citric Acid (TCA) cycle and the electron transport chain. Enzymes play a vital role in metabolic pathways; similarly transistors play a vital role in electronic circuits; the characteristics of enzymes in comparison with those of transistors suggests that the properties are analagous. Enzymes possess an active site into which the substrate binds, similarly the transistor possess a layer in which the recombination of holes and electrons takes place. Hence the applied voltage in the circuit is considered as the substrate. The enthalpy values of the enzymes are converted into volts, which is to be applied to the circuit. ATP is the energy source in the metabolic pathway which functions like a potential in the electronic circuit. Some enzymes can function only with the help of a cofactor; here modelled as a switch. Using all the above electronic circuit analogues, which possess the similar characteristics of the metabolic pathway constituents, circuits have been designed.
