介绍了一种利用分段加压和压电薄膜传感器相结合的气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备(GIS)故障放电点定位方法,并结合某变电站110 k V GIS设备交流耐压试验为例,给出了使用该定位方法对放电点的排查定位过程,试验结果表明,该定位方法可以实现现...介绍了一种利用分段加压和压电薄膜传感器相结合的气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备(GIS)故障放电点定位方法,并结合某变电站110 k V GIS设备交流耐压试验为例,给出了使用该定位方法对放电点的排查定位过程,试验结果表明,该定位方法可以实现现场GIS设备交流耐压发生击穿后故障点迅速准确地定位。展开更多
Chironomid larvae propagated excessively in eutrophic water body and could not be effectively inactivated by the conventional disinfection process like chlorination due to its stronger resistance to oxidation. In this...Chironomid larvae propagated excessively in eutrophic water body and could not be effectively inactivated by the conventional disinfection process like chlorination due to its stronger resistance to oxidation. In this paper, a pilot-scale study of chlorine dioxide preoxidation cooperating with routine clarification process for Chironomid larvae removal was conducted in Shenzhen Waterworks in Guangdong Province, China. The experimental results were compared with that of the existing prechlorination process in several aspects, including the Chironomid larvae removal efficiencies of water samples taken from the outlets of sedimentation tank, sand filter, the security of drinking water and so on. The results showed that chlorine dioxide might be more effective to inactivate Chironomid larvae than chlorine and Chironomid larvae could be thoroughly removed from water by pre-dosing chlorine dioxide process. The GC-MS examination and Ames test further showed that the sort and amount of organic substance in the treated water by chlorine dioxide preoxidation were evidently less than that ofprechlorination and the mutagenicity of drinking water treated by pre-dosing chlorine dioxide was substantially reduced compared with prechlorination.展开更多
动物养殖场是空气环境微生物污染的重要来源,然而目前关于养殖场空气中微生物污染特征的时间规律少有报道.针对以上情况,以蛋鸡场为例,采用16S r RNA基因扩增子测序分别对养殖场空气和粪便环境中细菌分布特点及呼吸暴露展开为期80余周...动物养殖场是空气环境微生物污染的重要来源,然而目前关于养殖场空气中微生物污染特征的时间规律少有报道.针对以上情况,以蛋鸡场为例,采用16S r RNA基因扩增子测序分别对养殖场空气和粪便环境中细菌分布特点及呼吸暴露展开为期80余周的研究.结果表明,空气和粪便样本中16S r RNA含量范围分别在6.08×10^(5)~4.90×10^(6)copies·m^(-3)和4.27×10^(8)~1.15×10^(10)copies·g^(-1)之间.空气中细菌浓度的平均值在冬季显著高于夏季,而生物多样性则呈现相反趋势.蛋鸡场空气与粪便中的优势细菌门均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes).在所调查时间内,空气中前3个优势菌属的种类较为稳定,依次为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium),而粪便中优势菌属则随养殖时间的增加波动较大.空气和动物粪便中细菌和致病菌群落结构的相关性均不显著,但不同介质中两种目标微生物的含量均显著相关.粪便中细菌的气溶胶化指数随养殖时间的增加而呈上升趋势,而致病菌趋势相反.其中,瘤胃菌科torques属([Ruminococcus]_torques_group)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)为最易发生气溶胶化的前3个致病菌属.养鸡场工人的细菌呼吸暴露具有季节性差异,其中细菌和致病菌摄入量的平均值分别为2.54×10^(7)copies·d^(-1)和2.87×10^(5)copies·d^(-1).研究结果将为系统评估养殖场空气微生物的污染特征和潜在健康风险,对以及制定相应的职业暴露行业标准和防控措施提供科学依据.展开更多
文摘为了揭示有机肥和化肥长期施用对农田土壤噬菌体携带的抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)多样性和丰度的影响,并与土壤细菌携带的ARGs进行对比,本文将土壤抗生素抗性分为细菌和噬菌体两个部分,利用微滴数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)技术定量分析了土壤噬菌体和细菌DNA中25种ARGs亚型和I类整合子(intl1)的丰度。结果表明,土壤噬菌体中ARGs的检出率和总丰度以及intl1丰度均低于土壤细菌,其中噬菌体中检测到20种ARGs亚型,在不施肥、单施化肥和单施有机肥土壤的噬菌体中,目标ARGs的检出率分别为68%、72%和76%。土壤噬菌体中ARGs的总丰度在有机肥施用土壤中显著高于不施肥和化肥施用土壤(P<0.05),其中多耐药类、大环内酯-林肯酰胺-链阳性菌素B(MLSB)类和β-内酰胺类抗性基因丰度占显著优势。除了β-内酰胺类抗性基因blaTEM,噬菌体中其他ARGs亚型的丰度均显著低于细菌(P<0.05)。噬菌体与细菌携带ARGs在不同施肥处理中均存在显著正相关(P<0.05)。冗余分析结果显示,施肥可能通过改变土壤pH、重金属和营养因子水平来影响细菌和噬菌体中ARGs的赋存特征。本研究结果表明,噬菌体是除细菌之外的农田土壤另一个重要ARGs储存库,施用有机肥能同时显著提高土壤细菌和噬菌体中ARGs的多样性和丰度。
文摘Chironomid larvae propagated excessively in eutrophic water body and could not be effectively inactivated by the conventional disinfection process like chlorination due to its stronger resistance to oxidation. In this paper, a pilot-scale study of chlorine dioxide preoxidation cooperating with routine clarification process for Chironomid larvae removal was conducted in Shenzhen Waterworks in Guangdong Province, China. The experimental results were compared with that of the existing prechlorination process in several aspects, including the Chironomid larvae removal efficiencies of water samples taken from the outlets of sedimentation tank, sand filter, the security of drinking water and so on. The results showed that chlorine dioxide might be more effective to inactivate Chironomid larvae than chlorine and Chironomid larvae could be thoroughly removed from water by pre-dosing chlorine dioxide process. The GC-MS examination and Ames test further showed that the sort and amount of organic substance in the treated water by chlorine dioxide preoxidation were evidently less than that ofprechlorination and the mutagenicity of drinking water treated by pre-dosing chlorine dioxide was substantially reduced compared with prechlorination.
文摘动物养殖场是空气环境微生物污染的重要来源,然而目前关于养殖场空气中微生物污染特征的时间规律少有报道.针对以上情况,以蛋鸡场为例,采用16S r RNA基因扩增子测序分别对养殖场空气和粪便环境中细菌分布特点及呼吸暴露展开为期80余周的研究.结果表明,空气和粪便样本中16S r RNA含量范围分别在6.08×10^(5)~4.90×10^(6)copies·m^(-3)和4.27×10^(8)~1.15×10^(10)copies·g^(-1)之间.空气中细菌浓度的平均值在冬季显著高于夏季,而生物多样性则呈现相反趋势.蛋鸡场空气与粪便中的优势细菌门均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes).在所调查时间内,空气中前3个优势菌属的种类较为稳定,依次为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium),而粪便中优势菌属则随养殖时间的增加波动较大.空气和动物粪便中细菌和致病菌群落结构的相关性均不显著,但不同介质中两种目标微生物的含量均显著相关.粪便中细菌的气溶胶化指数随养殖时间的增加而呈上升趋势,而致病菌趋势相反.其中,瘤胃菌科torques属([Ruminococcus]_torques_group)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)为最易发生气溶胶化的前3个致病菌属.养鸡场工人的细菌呼吸暴露具有季节性差异,其中细菌和致病菌摄入量的平均值分别为2.54×10^(7)copies·d^(-1)和2.87×10^(5)copies·d^(-1).研究结果将为系统评估养殖场空气微生物的污染特征和潜在健康风险,对以及制定相应的职业暴露行业标准和防控措施提供科学依据.
