Analysis and recognition of ancient scripts is a challenging task as these scripts are inscribed on pillars,stones,or leaves.Optical recognition systems can help in preserving,sharing,and accelerate the study of the a...Analysis and recognition of ancient scripts is a challenging task as these scripts are inscribed on pillars,stones,or leaves.Optical recognition systems can help in preserving,sharing,and accelerate the study of the ancient scripts,but lack of standard dataset for such scripts is a major constraint.Although many scholars and researchers have captured and uploaded inscription images on various websites,manual searching,downloading and extraction of these images is tedious and error prone.Web search queries return a vast number of irrelevant results,and manually extracting images for a specific script is not scalable.This paper proposes a novelmultistage system to identify the specific set of script images from a large set of images downloaded from web sources.The proposed system combines the two most important pattern matching techniques-Scale Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT)and Template matching,in a sequential pipeline,and by using the key strengths of each technique,the system can discard irrelevant images while retaining a specific type of images.展开更多
The optimization of cognitive radio(CR)system using an enhanced firefly algorithm(EFA)is presented in this work.The Firefly algorithm(FA)is a nature-inspired algorithm based on the unique light-flashing behavior of fi...The optimization of cognitive radio(CR)system using an enhanced firefly algorithm(EFA)is presented in this work.The Firefly algorithm(FA)is a nature-inspired algorithm based on the unique light-flashing behavior of fireflies.It has already proved its competence in various optimization prob-lems,but it suffers from slow convergence issues.To improve the convergence performance of FA,a new variant named EFA is proposed.The effectiveness of EFA as a good optimizer is demonstrated by optimizing benchmark functions,and simulation results show its superior performance compared to biogeography-based optimization(BBO),bat algorithm,artificial bee colony,and FA.As an application of this algorithm to real-world problems,EFA is also applied to optimize the CR system.CR is a revolutionary technique that uses a dynamic spectrum allocation strategy to solve the spectrum scarcity problem.However,it requires optimization to meet specific performance objectives.The results obtained by EFA in CR system optimization are compared with results in the literature of BBO,simulated annealing,and genetic algorithm.Statistical results further prove that the proposed algorithm is highly efficient and provides superior results.展开更多
High-temperature infrared(IR)camouflage is crucial to the effective concealment of high-temperature objects but remains a challenging issue,as the thermal radiation of an object is proportional to the fourth power of ...High-temperature infrared(IR)camouflage is crucial to the effective concealment of high-temperature objects but remains a challenging issue,as the thermal radiation of an object is proportional to the fourth power of temperature(T4).Here,we experimentally demonstrate high-temperature IR camouflage with efficient thermal management.By combining a silica aerogel for thermal insulation and a Ge/ZnS multilayer wavelength-selective emitter for simultaneous radiative cooling(high emittance in the 5-8μm non-atmospheric window)and IR camouflage(low emittance in the 8-14μm atmospheric window),the surface temperature of an object is reduced from 873 to 410 K.The IR camouflage is demonstrated by indoor/outdoor(with/without earthshine)radiation temperatures of 310/248 K for an object at 873/623 K and a 78% reduction in with-earthshine lock-on range.This scheme may introduce opportunities for high-temperature thermal management and infrared signal processing.展开更多
Active temperature control devices are widely used for the thermal management of enclosures,including vehicles and buildings.Passive radiative cooling has been extensively studied;however,its integration with existing...Active temperature control devices are widely used for the thermal management of enclosures,including vehicles and buildings.Passive radiative cooling has been extensively studied;however,its integration with existing actively temperature regulated and decorative enclosures has slipped out of the research at status quo.Here,we present a photonic-engineered dual-side thermal management strategy for reducing the active power consumption of the existing temperature-regulated enclosure without sacrificing its aesthetics.By coating the exterior and interior of the enclosure roof with two visible-transparent films with distinctive wavelength-selectivity,simultaneous control over the energy exchange among the enclosure with the hot sun,the cold outer space,the atmosphere,and the active cooler can be implemented.A power-saving of up to 63%for active coolers of the enclosure is experimentally demonstrated by measuring the heat flux compared to the ordinary enclosure when the set temperature is around 26℃.This photonic-engineered dual-side thermal management strategy offers facile integration with the existing enclosures and represents a new paradigm toward carbon neutrality.展开更多
Novel visualization methods and strategies are necessary to cope with the deluge of datasets present in any scientific field to make discoveries and find answers to previously unanswered questions.These methods and st...Novel visualization methods and strategies are necessary to cope with the deluge of datasets present in any scientific field to make discoveries and find answers to previously unanswered questions.These methods and strategies should not only present scientific findings as images in a concise way but also need to be effective and expressive,which often remain untested.Here,we present Versus,a tool to enable easy image quality assessment and image ranking,utilizing a two-alternative forced choice methodology(2AFC)and an efficient ranking algorithm based on a binary search.The tool provides a systematic way of setting up evaluation experiments via the web without the necessity to install any additional software or require any programming skills.Furthermore,Versus can easily interface with crowdsourcing platforms,such as Amazon’s Mechanical Turk,or can be used as a stand-alone system to carry out evaluations with experts.We demonstrate the use of Versus by means of an image evaluation study,aiming to determine if hue,saturation,brightness,and texture are good indicators of uncertainty in three-dimensional protein structures.Drawing from the power of crowdsourcing,we argue that there is demand and also great potential for this tool to become a standard for simple and fast image evaluations,with the aim to test the effectiveness and expressiveness of scientific visualizations.展开更多
文摘Analysis and recognition of ancient scripts is a challenging task as these scripts are inscribed on pillars,stones,or leaves.Optical recognition systems can help in preserving,sharing,and accelerate the study of the ancient scripts,but lack of standard dataset for such scripts is a major constraint.Although many scholars and researchers have captured and uploaded inscription images on various websites,manual searching,downloading and extraction of these images is tedious and error prone.Web search queries return a vast number of irrelevant results,and manually extracting images for a specific script is not scalable.This paper proposes a novelmultistage system to identify the specific set of script images from a large set of images downloaded from web sources.The proposed system combines the two most important pattern matching techniques-Scale Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT)and Template matching,in a sequential pipeline,and by using the key strengths of each technique,the system can discard irrelevant images while retaining a specific type of images.
基金funded by King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.Researchers Supporting Proiect Number(RSP2023R167)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The optimization of cognitive radio(CR)system using an enhanced firefly algorithm(EFA)is presented in this work.The Firefly algorithm(FA)is a nature-inspired algorithm based on the unique light-flashing behavior of fireflies.It has already proved its competence in various optimization prob-lems,but it suffers from slow convergence issues.To improve the convergence performance of FA,a new variant named EFA is proposed.The effectiveness of EFA as a good optimizer is demonstrated by optimizing benchmark functions,and simulation results show its superior performance compared to biogeography-based optimization(BBO),bat algorithm,artificial bee colony,and FA.As an application of this algorithm to real-world problems,EFA is also applied to optimize the CR system.CR is a revolutionary technique that uses a dynamic spectrum allocation strategy to solve the spectrum scarcity problem.However,it requires optimization to meet specific performance objectives.The results obtained by EFA in CR system optimization are compared with results in the literature of BBO,simulated annealing,and genetic algorithm.Statistical results further prove that the proposed algorithm is highly efficient and provides superior results.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0205700 and 2017YFE0100200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61975181,61775194,and 61950410608).
文摘High-temperature infrared(IR)camouflage is crucial to the effective concealment of high-temperature objects but remains a challenging issue,as the thermal radiation of an object is proportional to the fourth power of temperature(T4).Here,we experimentally demonstrate high-temperature IR camouflage with efficient thermal management.By combining a silica aerogel for thermal insulation and a Ge/ZnS multilayer wavelength-selective emitter for simultaneous radiative cooling(high emittance in the 5-8μm non-atmospheric window)and IR camouflage(low emittance in the 8-14μm atmospheric window),the surface temperature of an object is reduced from 873 to 410 K.The IR camouflage is demonstrated by indoor/outdoor(with/without earthshine)radiation temperatures of 310/248 K for an object at 873/623 K and a 78% reduction in with-earthshine lock-on range.This scheme may introduce opportunities for high-temperature thermal management and infrared signal processing.
基金This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0205700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61975181).
文摘Active temperature control devices are widely used for the thermal management of enclosures,including vehicles and buildings.Passive radiative cooling has been extensively studied;however,its integration with existing actively temperature regulated and decorative enclosures has slipped out of the research at status quo.Here,we present a photonic-engineered dual-side thermal management strategy for reducing the active power consumption of the existing temperature-regulated enclosure without sacrificing its aesthetics.By coating the exterior and interior of the enclosure roof with two visible-transparent films with distinctive wavelength-selectivity,simultaneous control over the energy exchange among the enclosure with the hot sun,the cold outer space,the atmosphere,and the active cooler can be implemented.A power-saving of up to 63%for active coolers of the enclosure is experimentally demonstrated by measuring the heat flux compared to the ordinary enclosure when the set temperature is around 26℃.This photonic-engineered dual-side thermal management strategy offers facile integration with the existing enclosures and represents a new paradigm toward carbon neutrality.
基金This work was supported by CSIRO’s OCE Science Leader programme and Computational and Simulation Sciences platformpartly by the Australian Research Council under Linkage Project LP140100574。
文摘Novel visualization methods and strategies are necessary to cope with the deluge of datasets present in any scientific field to make discoveries and find answers to previously unanswered questions.These methods and strategies should not only present scientific findings as images in a concise way but also need to be effective and expressive,which often remain untested.Here,we present Versus,a tool to enable easy image quality assessment and image ranking,utilizing a two-alternative forced choice methodology(2AFC)and an efficient ranking algorithm based on a binary search.The tool provides a systematic way of setting up evaluation experiments via the web without the necessity to install any additional software or require any programming skills.Furthermore,Versus can easily interface with crowdsourcing platforms,such as Amazon’s Mechanical Turk,or can be used as a stand-alone system to carry out evaluations with experts.We demonstrate the use of Versus by means of an image evaluation study,aiming to determine if hue,saturation,brightness,and texture are good indicators of uncertainty in three-dimensional protein structures.Drawing from the power of crowdsourcing,we argue that there is demand and also great potential for this tool to become a standard for simple and fast image evaluations,with the aim to test the effectiveness and expressiveness of scientific visualizations.
