Although the immunomodulatory activity of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)has been increasingly documented in domestic animals,the use of BVC as immunostimulant in fi sh aquaculture awaits verifi cation.In the ...Although the immunomodulatory activity of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)has been increasingly documented in domestic animals,the use of BVC as immunostimulant in fi sh aquaculture awaits verifi cation.In the present study,the immunostimulatory impacts of dietary BVC intake were investigated in an important aquaculture fi sh species,the African catfi sh Clarias gariepinus.Results show that the pathogen resistance of African catfi sh was signifi cantly improved by dietary BVC intake at the tested levels(0.5%-2%),as indicated by higher survival rates(approximately 1.52-1.85 times that without BVC supplementation)upon intraperitoneally injection of bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila.In addition,both the count and phagocytic activity of blood cells were signifi cantly up-regulated by a 45-day dietary supplementation of BVC.Moreover,compared to that of the control,fi sh individuals fed BVC containing diets exhibited signifi cant higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),myeloperoxidase(MPO),and lysozyme(LYZ).The content of immunoglobulin M(IgM)in serum of African catfi sh was also induced by dietary BVC supplementation.Furthermore,the expression levels of interleukin-8(IL-8),toll-like receptor 1 and 5(TLR1 and TLR5),myeloid diff erentiation factor 88(MyD88),and nuclear factor kappa B(NFκB)in the head kidney were signifi cantly up-regulated.Our fi ndings indicate BVC could be an eff ective immunostimulant in teleost species,which may enhance fi sh immunity through improving hematic parameters,activating bioactive humoral molecules,and up-regulating immune related molecular pathways.展开更多
Although accumulating data demonstrate that dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)can significantly strengthen the immunity and boost the growth of domestic animals,its application potency ...Although accumulating data demonstrate that dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)can significantly strengthen the immunity and boost the growth of domestic animals,its application potency still awaits verification in commercial fish species such as the large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus.The impacts of 90-day dietary supplementation of 1%and 2%BVC on survival and growth performance of the loach,and on the intestinal morphological characteristics and gut microflora were analyzed.Our data show that the large-scale loach supplied with BVC at the experimental doses had significant higher survival rates and better growth performance(indicated by greater weight gain(1.13–1.14 times),higher specific growth rate(1.04 times),and lower feed conversion ratio(0.88–0.89 times))compared to that of the control(P<0.05).Histological examination revealed significant longer villus(3.22–5.54 times),deeper crypt(1.77–1.87 times),and thicker muscle(1.59–3.17 times)in the intestines of large-scale loach fed with BVC(P<0.05).Furthermore,we found that the gut microflora consisted of significantly fewer proportions of potential pathogenic bacterial species(Aeromonas veronii and Escherichia coli),but significantly greater proportions of beneficial microbes(Lactococus raffinolactis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii).Therefore,dietary intake of BVC can promote intestinal tract development and optimize gut microflora,by which the survival and growth of large-scale loach may be improved.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0900603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31672634)+1 种基金the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology,CAS(No.kf2018005)the Science and Technology Project of Wenzhou(No.2019ZX002-02)。
文摘Although the immunomodulatory activity of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)has been increasingly documented in domestic animals,the use of BVC as immunostimulant in fi sh aquaculture awaits verifi cation.In the present study,the immunostimulatory impacts of dietary BVC intake were investigated in an important aquaculture fi sh species,the African catfi sh Clarias gariepinus.Results show that the pathogen resistance of African catfi sh was signifi cantly improved by dietary BVC intake at the tested levels(0.5%-2%),as indicated by higher survival rates(approximately 1.52-1.85 times that without BVC supplementation)upon intraperitoneally injection of bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila.In addition,both the count and phagocytic activity of blood cells were signifi cantly up-regulated by a 45-day dietary supplementation of BVC.Moreover,compared to that of the control,fi sh individuals fed BVC containing diets exhibited signifi cant higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),myeloperoxidase(MPO),and lysozyme(LYZ).The content of immunoglobulin M(IgM)in serum of African catfi sh was also induced by dietary BVC supplementation.Furthermore,the expression levels of interleukin-8(IL-8),toll-like receptor 1 and 5(TLR1 and TLR5),myeloid diff erentiation factor 88(MyD88),and nuclear factor kappa B(NFκB)in the head kidney were signifi cantly up-regulated.Our fi ndings indicate BVC could be an eff ective immunostimulant in teleost species,which may enhance fi sh immunity through improving hematic parameters,activating bioactive humoral molecules,and up-regulating immune related molecular pathways.
基金Supported by the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2021C02048)the Science and Technology Project of Wenzhou(No.2019ZX002-02)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ21C190003)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M671743)the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory Construction Plans(No.2020E10025)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics,SIO(No.MED2020004)。
文摘Although accumulating data demonstrate that dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder(BVC)can significantly strengthen the immunity and boost the growth of domestic animals,its application potency still awaits verification in commercial fish species such as the large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus.The impacts of 90-day dietary supplementation of 1%and 2%BVC on survival and growth performance of the loach,and on the intestinal morphological characteristics and gut microflora were analyzed.Our data show that the large-scale loach supplied with BVC at the experimental doses had significant higher survival rates and better growth performance(indicated by greater weight gain(1.13–1.14 times),higher specific growth rate(1.04 times),and lower feed conversion ratio(0.88–0.89 times))compared to that of the control(P<0.05).Histological examination revealed significant longer villus(3.22–5.54 times),deeper crypt(1.77–1.87 times),and thicker muscle(1.59–3.17 times)in the intestines of large-scale loach fed with BVC(P<0.05).Furthermore,we found that the gut microflora consisted of significantly fewer proportions of potential pathogenic bacterial species(Aeromonas veronii and Escherichia coli),but significantly greater proportions of beneficial microbes(Lactococus raffinolactis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii).Therefore,dietary intake of BVC can promote intestinal tract development and optimize gut microflora,by which the survival and growth of large-scale loach may be improved.
